Filtered By:
Source: Endocrinology
This page shows you your search results in order of date. This is page number 6.
Order by Relevance | Date
Total 87 results found since Jan 2013.
Conditional over-expression of Liver Receptor Homolog-1 in female mouse mammary epithelium results in altered mammary morphogenesis via the induction of Transforming Growth Factor-β
Abstract
Liver Receptor Homolog-1 (LRH-1) is an orphan nuclear receptor that belongs to the NR5A subgroup of nuclear receptors. LRH-1 induces key genes to regulate metabolic process, ovarian function, cancer cell proliferation and steroidogenesis. In the breast, LRH-1 modulates and synergizes with endogenous estrogen signalling to promote breast cancer cell proliferation. We used siRNA knockdown strategies in order to deplete LRH-1 in breast cancer cells and followed with microarray analysis to identify LRH-1 dependent mechanisms. We identified key genes involved in TGF-β signalling to be highly responsive to LRH...
Source: Endocrinology - February 24, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Lazarus KA, Brown KA, Young M, Zhao Z, Coulson R, Chand AL, Clyne CD Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Epithelial and stromal cells of bovine endometrium have roles in innate immunity and initiate inflammatory responses to bacterial lipopeptides in vitro via Toll-like receptors TLR2, TLR1 and TLR6.
Abstract
Bacteria often infect the endometrium of cattle to cause endometritis, uterine disease and infertility. Lipopeptides are commonly found amongst bacteria and are detected by the Toll-like receptor (TLR) cell surface receptor TLR2 on immune cells. Heterodimers of TLR2 with TLR1 or TLR6 activate MAPK and NFκB intracellular signaling pathways to stimulate inflammatory responses. In the endometrium, epithelial and stromal cells are the first to encounter invading bacteria, so the present study explored whether endometrial cells can also mount inflammatory responses to bacterial lipopeptides via TLRs. The supe...
Source: Endocrinology - January 17, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Turner ML, Cronin JG, Healey GD, Sheldon IM Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Enhancement of cell surface expression and receptor functions of membrane progestin receptor alpha (mPRα) by progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1): evidence for a role of PGRMC1 as an adaptor protein for steroid receptors.
Abstract
A variety of functions have been proposed for progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), including acting as a component of a membrane progestin receptor and as an adaptor protein. Here we show that stable over expression of human PGRMC1 in progesterone receptor-negative breast cancer cell lines causes increased expression of PGRMC1 and membrane progesterone receptor alpha (mPRα) on cell membranes which is associated with increased specific [(3)H]progesterone binding. The membrane progestin binding affinity and specificity were characteristic of mPRα, with a Kd of 4.7 nM and high affinity for ...
Source: Endocrinology - January 1, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Thomas P, Pang Y, Dong J Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research
EP2 Receptor Activates Dual G Protein Signaling Pathways that Mediate Contrasting Proinflammatory and Relaxatory Responses in Term Pregnant Human Myometrium.
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG) E2 (PGE2) plays a central role in the regulation of smooth muscle contractions. Classically, PGE2 stimulates contractions via EP1 and EP3 receptors, whereas EP2 and EP4 maintain quiescence. Labor involves a change from myometrial quiescence to contractions with a shift from anti- to proinflammatory pathways. EP2, a Gαs-coupled receptor, is known to mediate its actions via cAMP signaling. However, we have recently shown that EP2 also activates the proinflammatory PG G/H synthase-2 (PGHS-2). Here, we identify the mechanism underlying the ability of EP2 to maintain uterine quiescence and ...
Source: Endocrinology - November 21, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Kandola MK, Sykes L, Lee YS, Johnson MR, Hanyaloglu AC, Bennett PR Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Unsaturated fatty acids disrupt Smad signaling in gonadotrope cells leading to inhibition of FSHβ gene expression.
Abstract
Reproductive function is highly dependent on nutritional input. We recently provided evidence that the unsaturated ω6 fatty acid, linoleic acid (linoleic), interferes with transcription and secretion of the gonadotropin LH, highlighting the existence of a lipid sensing in pituitary gonadotropes. Here, we show using a combination of in vivo and in vitro models, that linoleic differentially regulates Lhb and Fshb expression. Central exposure of rats to linoleic over 7 days was associated with increase of Lhb but not Fshb transcript levels. Consistently, exposure of rat pituitary cells or LβT2 cells to lin...
Source: Endocrinology - November 18, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Garrel G, Simon V, Denoyelle C, Ishaq M, Rouch C, Dairou J, Magnan C, Migrenne S, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Cohen-Tannoudji J Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Leptin promotes the osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells from female mice by increasing RANKL expression.
Abstract
Arterial calcification is a complex and active regulated process, which results from a process of osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Leptin, the product of the ob gene, mainly regulates food intake and energy expenditure and recently has been considered correlated with the arterial calcification. However, the mechanisms of the effects of leptin on osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs are unknown. We used calcifying vascular smooth muscle cells (CVSMCs) as a model to investigate the relationship between leptin and the osteoblastic differentiation of CVSMCs and the signal...
Source: Endocrinology - November 18, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Liu GY, Liang QH, Cui RR, Liu Y, Wu SS, Shan PF, Yuan LQ, Liao EY Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Notch signaling plays a critical role in motility and differentiation of human first trimester cytotrophoblasts.
Abstract
Failures in human extravillous trophoblast (EVT) development could be involved in the pathogenesis of pregnancy diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms have been poorly characterized. Here, we provide evidence that Notch signaling could represent a key regulatory pathway controlling trophoblast proliferation, motility and differentiation. Immunofluorescence of first trimester placental tissues revealed expression of Notch receptors (Notch2, Notch3) and membrane-anchored ligands (DLL1, 4 and JAG1, 2) in villous cytotrophoblasts (vCTBs), cell column trophoblasts (CCTs) and EVTs. Notch4 and Notch1 were ...
Source: Endocrinology - November 4, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Haider S, Meinhardt G, Velicky P, Otti GR, Whitley G, Fiala C, Pollheimer J, Knöfler M Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research
The effects of Dickkopf-4 on the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of osteoblasts.
Abstract
The Dickkopf family of proteins is comprised of four members (Dkk1, 2, 3, 4) that are known to modulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is activated during bone formation. Although the effects of Dkk1 on Wnt/β-catenin signaling have been well studied, little is known about the effects of Dkk4. Therefore, to evaluate the role of Dkk4 in osteoblastogenesis, we used the mouse osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1, in which Dkk4 expression was suppressed by siRNA knockdown. Our results showed that suppression of Dkk4 expression promoted osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, and suppressed apoptosis. In col...
Source: Endocrinology - October 8, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Hiramitsu S, Terauchi M, Kubota T Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Depression of type I diacylglycerol kinases in pancreatic β-cells from male mice results in impaired insulin secretion.
This study investigated the expression and function of DGK in pancreatic β-cells. mRNA expression of type I DGK isoforms (α, β, γ) was detected in mouse pancreatic islets and the β-cell line MIN6. Protein expression of DGKα and γ was also detected in mouse β-cells and MIN6 cells. The type I DGK inhibitor R59949 inhibited high K(+)- and glucose-induced insulin secretion in MIN6 cells. Moreover, single knockdown of DGKα or γ by siRNA slightly but significantly decreased glucose- and high K(+)-induced insulin secretions, and the double knockdown further decreased them to the levels comparable to those induced by R59...
Source: Endocrinology - September 13, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Kurohane Kaneko Y, Kobayashi Y, Motoki K, Nakata K, Miyagawa S, Yamamoto M, Hayashi D, Shirai Y, Sakane F, Ishikawa T Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine protects pancreatic β-cells against aldosterone-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in female db/db mice and insulin-producing MIN6 cells.
This study aimed to investigate whether oxidative stress is involved in and whether the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist spironolactone could prevent or delay β-cell damage in vivo and in vitro. As expected, 8 weeks after aldosterone treatment, 12-week-old female diabetic db/db mice exhibited impaired oral glucose tolerance, decreased β-cell mass, and heightened levels of oxidative stress marker (urinary 8-OHdG). NAC reversed these symptoms completely, whereas spironolactone treatment did so only partially. After exposure to aldosterone, the mouse pancreatic β-cell lin...
Source: Endocrinology - September 5, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Jin HM, Zhou DC, Gu HF, Qiao QY, Fu SK, Liu XL, Pan Y Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns initiate inflammation and perturb the endocrine function of bovine granulosa cells from ovarian dominant follicles via TLR2 and TLR4 pathways.
In conclusion, bacterial PAMPs initiate inflammation and perturb the endocrine function of bovine granulosa cells from dominant follicles via TLR2 and TLR4 pathways.Précis: A rapid inflammatory response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns mediated by TLR2 and TLR4 pathways in granulosa cells provides a molecular explanation of how bacterial infections distant to the ovary can perturb dominant follicle function.
PMID: 23825132 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Endocrinology - July 3, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Price JC, Bromfield JJ, Sheldon IM Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Knockdown of RyR3 Enhances Adiponectin Expression Through an atf3-Dependent Pathway.
In this study, we identified that ryanodine receptor (RyR)3 plays an important role in the regulation of adiponectin expression. RyR3 was expressed in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, and its level was decreased upon adipogenesis. Silencing of RyR3 expression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes resulted in up-regulated adiponectin promoter activity, enhanced adiponectin mRNA expression, and more adiponectin protein secreted into the medium. An inverse relation between RyR3 and adiponectin mRNA levels was also observed in adipose tissues of db/db mice. In addition, knockdown of RyR3 with small interfering RNA (siRNA) in db/db mice and high-fat di...
Source: Endocrinology - February 6, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Tsai SH, Chang EY, Chang YC, Hee SW, Tsai YC, Chang TJ, Chuang LM Tags: Endocrinology Source Type: research
