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Total 22 results found since Jan 2013.

Tupaia small RNAs provide insights into function and evolution of RNAi-based transposon defense in mammals.
Abstract Argonaute proteins comprising Piwi-like and Argonaute-like proteins and their guiding small RNAs combat mobile DNA on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. While Piwi-like proteins and associated piRNAs are generally restricted to the germline, Argonaute-like proteins and siRNAs have been linked with transposon control in the germline as well as in the soma. Intriguingly, evolution has realized distinct Argonaute subfunctionalization patterns in different species but our knowledge about mammalian RNA interference pathways relies mainly on findings from the mouse model. However, mice differ f...
Source: RNA - March 23, 2015 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Rosenkranz D, Rudloff S, Bastuck K, Ketting RF, Zischler H Tags: RNA Source Type: research

Knockdown of IL-1β Improves Hypoxia–ischemia Brain Associated with IL-6 Up-regulation in Cell and Animal Models
Abstract A study was conducted to investigate the effect of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) on hypoxia ischemia (HI) of cultured astrocyte and neonatal rat models and to explore the underlying molecular regulation mechanism. Primary rat astrocyte was exposed to hypoxia (2 % O2, 98 % N2) and cultured in serum-free medium for 6, 12, and 18 h to establish cell model of HI. Morphologic changes of astrocyte were monitored and gene expression change of IL-1β evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To establish the HI animal model, 3 days old postnatal Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were treated with the righ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 14, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Interferon regulatory factor 7 participates in the M1‐like microglial polarization switch
In this study, we characterized lipopolysaccharide‐treated M1‐like and IL‐4‐treated M2‐like microglia and investigated the mechanisms that regulate phenotypic switching. The addition of M2‐like microglial conditioned medium (CM) to primary neurons resulted in an increase in neurite length when compared with neurons treated with M1‐like microglial CM, possibly because of the enhanced secretion of neurotrophic factors by M2‐like microglia. M1‐like microglia were morphologically characterized by larger soma, whereas M2‐like microglia were characterized by long processes. M2‐like microglia exhibited great...
Source: Glia - November 24, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Tatsuhide Tanaka, Koichi Murakami, Yoshio Bando, Shigetaka Yoshida Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

ARIA Regulates Cardiac PI3K/Akt Signals Signal Transduction
PI3K/Akt signaling plays an important role in the regulation of cardiomyocyte death machinery, which can cause stress-induced cardiac dysfunction. Here, we report that apoptosis regulator through modulating IAP expression (ARIA), a recently identified transmembrane protein, regulates the cardiac PI3K/Akt signaling and thus modifies the progression of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiomyopathy. ARIA is highly expressed in the mouse heart relative to other tissues, and it is also expressed in isolated rat cardiomyocytes. The stable expression of ARIA in H9c2 cardiac muscle cells increased the levels of membrane-associated PTEN...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - January 31, 2014 Category: Chemistry Authors: Kitamura, Y., Koide, M., Akakabe, Y., Matsuo, K., Shimoda, Y., Soma, Y., Ogata, T., Ueyama, T., Matoba, S., Yamada, H., Ikeda, K. Tags: Molecular Bases of Disease Source Type: research

Germ lineage properties in the urochordate Botryllus schlosseri - from markers to temporal niches.
Abstract The primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the colonial urochordate Botryllus schlosseri are sequestered in late embryonic stage. PGC-like populations, located at any blastogenic stage in specific niches, inside modules with curtailed lifespan, survive throughout the life of the colony by repeated weekly migration to newly formed buds. This cyclical migration and the lack of specific markers for PGC-like populations are obstacles to the study on PGCs. For that purpose, we isolated the Botryllus DDX1 (BS-DDX1) and characterized it by normal expression patterns and by specific siRNA knockdown experiments. Expressi...
Source: Developmental Biology - October 9, 2013 Category: Biology Authors: Rosner A, Moiseeva E, Rabinowitz C, Rinkevich B Tags: Dev Biol Source Type: research

Functional Interaction between Amyloid-β Precursor Protein and Peripherin Neurofilaments: A Shared Pathway Leading to Alzheimer's Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis?
Conclusion: Our results indicate that a fraction of APP is cleaved by β-secretase in the soma and that the generated sAPP becomes associated with perinuclear peripherin neurofilaments. These findings link the metabolism of APP - which is dysregulated in AD - to the organization of neurofilaments - which is abnormal in ALS - and suggest a possible crosstalk/overlap between the molecular mechanisms of these diseases. PMID: 24009040 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Neuro-Degenerative Diseases - September 4, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Muresan V, Villegas C, Ladescu Muresan Z Tags: Neurodegener Dis Source Type: research

Deimination restores inner retinal visual function in murine demyelinating disease
Progressive loss of visual function frequently accompanies demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and is hypothesized to be the result of damage to the axons and soma of neurons. Here, we show that dendritic impairment is also involved in these diseases. Deimination, a posttranslational modification, was reduced in the retinal ganglion cell layer of MS patients and in a transgenic mouse model of MS (ND4 mice). Reduced deimination accompanied a decrease in inner retinal function in ND4 mice, indicating loss of vision. Local restoration of deimination dramatically improved retinal function and elongation of n...
Source: Journal of Clinical Investigation - January 3, 2013 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Mabel Enriquez-Algeciras, Di Ding, Fabrizio G. Mastronardi, Robert E. Marc, Vittorio Porciatti, Sanjoy K. Bhattacharya Source Type: research