• Filter By:
• Specialty
• Source
• Condition
• Cancer
• Infectious Disease
• Drug
• Training
• Management
• Procedure
• Therapy
• Vaccine
• Nutrition
• Country

Chlorpyrifos induces neuronal cell death via both oxidative stress and Akt activation downstream-regulated CHOP-triggered apoptotic pathways
In this study, CPF exposure (10-400 μM) significantly reduced Neuro-2a cell viability and induced apoptotic events, including the increase in caspase-3 activity, apoptotic cell population, and cleavage of caspase-3/-7 and PARP. Exposure of Neuro-2a cells to CPF also triggered CHOP activation. Transfection with CHOP-specific siRNA markedly suppressed the expression of CHOP, and attenuated cytotoxicity and apoptotic events in CPF-exposed Neuro-2a cells. Furthermore, CPF exposure obviously evoked the phosphorylation of Akt as well as ROS generation in a time-dependent manner. Pretreatment with LY294002 (an Akt inhibitor) eff...
Source: Toxicology in Vitro - October 17, 2022 Category: Toxicology Authors: Jhe-Wei Lin Shih-Chang Fu Jui-Ming Liu Shing-Hwa Liu Kuan-I Lee Kai-Min Fang Ren-Jun Hsu Chun-Fa Huang Kun-Min Liu Kai-Chih Chang Chin-Chuan Su Ya-Wen Chen Source Type: research

Ghrelin ameliorates A549 cell apoptosis caused by paraquat via p38-MAPK regulated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
This study investigated whether ghrelin could inhibit paraquat-induced lung injuries and attempted to elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms. A549 cells were preincubated with different concentrations of ghrelin and then treated with 200 μM of PQ for 24 h. Then cell survival, apoptosis, cellular oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation of A549 cells were detected after different treatments. Subsequently, we analyzed the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and measured caspase-3 activation in A549 cells. In addition, we investigated the activation of the MAPKs pathway and the function of p38-MAPK within mitoch...
Source: Toxicology - August 1, 2019 Category: Toxicology Authors: Cui S, Nian Q, Chen G, Wang X, Zhang J, Qiu J, Zhang Z Tags: Toxicology Source Type: research

Arsenite exposure potentiates apoptosis-inducing effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha- through reactive oxygen species.
In conclusion, NaAsO2 exposure might amplify inflammation-related tissue injury by potentiating the apoptosis-inducing effect of TNF-α through ROS-dependent mechanism. PMID: 29479036 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Journal of Toxicological Sciences - February 28, 2018 Category: Toxicology Tags: J Toxicol Sci Source Type: research

Acrylamide-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response are alleviated by N-acetylcysteine in PC12 cells: Involvement of the crosstalk between Nrf2 and NF- κB pathways regulated by MAPKs.
This study focused on clarifying the crosstalk between the involved signaling pathways in ACR-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response and investigating the protective effect of antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against ACR in PC12 cells. Results revealed that ACR exposure led to oxidative stress characterized by significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and glutathione (GSH) consumption. Inflammatory response was observed based on the dose-dependently increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). NAC attenu...
Source: Toxicology Letters - February 6, 2018 Category: Toxicology Authors: Pan X, Wu X, Yan D, Peng C, Rao C, Yan H Tags: Toxicol Lett Source Type: research

Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induced ROS-dependent autophagic cell death in human vascular endothelial cells.
In conclusion, it is possible that ROS elicited autophagy through Akt1 pathway in the MEHP-treated EA.hy926 cells. PMID: 28655635 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Toxicology in Vitro - June 24, 2017 Category: Toxicology Authors: Liu N, Jiang L, Sun X, Yao X, Zhai X, Liu X, Wu X, Bai Y, Wang S, Yang G Tags: Toxicol In Vitro Source Type: research

Cr(VI) induces cytotoxicity in vitro through activation of ROS-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of Cr(VI)-induced cytotoxicity. PMID: 28323103 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Toxicology in Vitro - March 17, 2017 Category: Toxicology Authors: Zhang Y, Xiao F, Liu X, Liu K, Zhou X, Zhong C Tags: Toxicol In Vitro Source Type: research

Ligand-independent activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling in PCB3-quinone treated HaCaT human keratinocytes.
Abstract Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that plays a critical role in metabolism, cell proliferation, development, carcinogenesis, and xenobiotic response. In general, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) exhibit a ligand-dependent activation of AhR-signaling. Results from this study show that a quinone-derivative (1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-benzo-2,5-quinone; 4-ClBQ) of a non-dioxin like PCB (PCB3) also activates AhR-signaling. Treatments of HaCaT human keratinocytes with 4-ClBQ and dioxin-like PCB126 significantly increased AhR-target gene expression, CYP1A1 mRNA and p...
Source: Toxicology Letters - February 7, 2015 Category: Toxicology Authors: Xiao W, Son J, Vorrink SU, Domann FE, Goswami PC Tags: Toxicol Lett Source Type: research

Zinc Oxide nanoparticles induce Apoptosis by enhancement of Autophagy via PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibition.
This study demonstrates autophagy supports apoptosis on ZnO NPs exposure. PMID: 24614525 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Toxicology Letters - March 7, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Roy R, Singh SK, Chauhan LK, Das M, Tripathi A, Dwivedi PD Tags: Toxicol Lett Source Type: research

Sanguinarine induces apoptosis in human colorectal cancer HCT-116 cells through ROS-mediated Egr-1 activation and mitochondrial dysfunction.
We examined the effects of sanguinarine, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the association of these effects with apoptotic cell death in a human colorectal cancer HCT-116 cell line. Sanguinarine generated ROS, which was followed by a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), the activation of caspase-9 and -3, and the down-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins, such as Bcl2, XIAP and cIAP-1. Sanguinarine also promoted the activation of caspase-8 and truncation of Bid (tBid). However, the quenching of ROS generation by N-acetyl-l-cysteine, a scavenger of ROS, rever...
Source: Toxicology Letters - May 6, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Han MH, Kim GY, Yoo YH, Choi YH Tags: Toxicol Lett Source Type: research

Oxidative DNA damage is involved in ochratoxin A-induced G2 arrest through ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) pathways in human gastric epithelium GES-1 cells in vitro.
In conclusion, the results of this study suggested that OTA-induced oxidative DNA damage triggered the ATM-dependent pathways, which ultimately elicited a G2 arrest in GES-1 cells. PMID: 23515941 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Archives of Toxicology - March 21, 2013 Category: Toxicology Authors: Cui J, Liu J, Wu S, Wang Y, Shen H, Xing L, Wang J, Yan X, Zhang X Tags: Arch Toxicol Source Type: research