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Advanced glycation end products induce skeletal muscle atrophy and insulin resistance via activating ROS-mediated ER stress PERK/FOXO1 signaling
In this study, we investigated whether AGEs could exacerbate skeletal muscle atrophy and its related insulin resistance. Mice were exposed to AGEs. Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) was silenced by a constructed viral vector carrying siRNA. Skeletal muscle atrophy was evaluated by H&E, oil red O, myosin skeletal heavy chain (MHC) and laminin immunofluorescent stains. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was assessed by DHE stain. Western blotting was used to evaluate protein expression and phosphorylation. Insulin resistance was monitored by insulin tolerance test (ITT) and glucose infusion rate (GIR). Mice exposed to AGEs s...
Source: Am J Physiol Endocri... - February 1, 2023 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Haixia Du Yanpeng Ma Xiqiang Wang Yong Zhang Ling Zhu Shuang Shi Shuo Pan Zhongwei Liu Source Type: research

Renal oncometabolite L-2-hydroxyglutarate imposes a block in kidney tubulogenesis: Evidence for an epigenetic basis for the L-2HG-induced impairment of differentiation
In this report, the expression of the enzyme responsible for L2HG degradation, L-2HG dehydrogenase (L2HGDH), is knocked down, using lentiviral shRNA, as well as siRNA, in primary cultures of normal Renal Proximal Tubule (RPT) cells. The knockdown (KD) results in increased L-2HG levels, decreased demethylation of 5mC in genomic DNA, and increased methylation of H3 Histones. Consequences include reduced tubulogenesis by RPT cells in matrigel, and reduced expression of molecular markers of differentiation, including membrane transporters as well as HNF1α and HNF1β, which regulate their transcription. These results are consi...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - September 5, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) knockdown accelerates the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-mediated Selenop downregulation independently of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) in H4IIEC3 hepatocytes
Endocr J. 2022 Mar 23. doi: 10.1507/endocrj.EJ21-0392. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSelenoprotein P is upregulated in type 2 diabetes, causing insulin and exercise resistance. We have previously reported that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) negatively regulates Selenop expression by suppressing Srebf1 in H4IIEC3 hepatocytes. However, EPA downregulated Srebf1 long before downregulating Selenop. Here, we report additional novel mechanisms for the Selenop gene regulation by EPA. EPA upregulated Foxo1 mRNA expression, which was canceled with the ERK1/2 inhibitor, but not with the PKA inhibitor. Foxo1 knockdown by siRNA initiated ...
Source: Endocrine Journal - March 24, 2022 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Kyoko Kamoshita Natsumi Tajima-Shirasaki Kiyo-Aki Ishii Takayoshi Shirasaki Hiroaki Takayama Halimulati Abuduwaili Tuerdiguli Abuduyimiti Hein Ko Oo Xingyu Yao Qifang Li Cynthia M Galicia-Medina Shuichi Kaneko Toshinari Takamura Source Type: research

Role of OCT4 in the Regulation of FSH-Induced Granulosa Cells Growth in Female Mice
As a member of the POU (Pit-Oct-Unc) transcription factor family, OCT4 (Octamer-binding transcription factor 4) is associated with the cellular proliferative. However, the roles of OCT4 in regulating the transition from preantral follicle to early antral follicle are still remains unclear. To evaluate the effect of OCT4 on cellular development in ovary, mice were injected with eCG in vivo or granulosa cells were co-cultured with FSH in vitro. The results showed that eCG up-regulated ovarian OCT4 expression. Meanwhile, OCT4 expression in granulosa cells was also up-regulated by FSH, and knockdown of OCT4 by siRNA significan...
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology - January 9, 2020 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

The core clock gene, Bmal1, and its downstream target, the SNARE regulatory protein secretagogin, are necessary for circadian secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1
ConclusionsThese data demonstrate, for the first time, that mice display a circadian pattern in GLP-1 secretion, which is impaired in Bmal1 knockout mice, and that Bmal1 regulation of Scgn expression plays an essential role in the circadian release of the incretin hormone, GLP-1.
Source: Molecular Metabolism - November 21, 2019 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research

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