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Targeting Tristetraprolin Expression or Functional Activity Regulates Inflammatory Response Induced by MSU Crystals
The RNA-binding protein tristetraprolin (TTP) is an anti-inflammatory factor that prompts the mRNA decay of target mRNAs and is involved in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). TTP is regulated by phosphorylation, and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) can dephosphorylate TTP to activate its mRNA-degrading function. Some small molecules can enhance PP2A activation. Short interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting TTP expression or PP2A agonist (Arctigenin) was administered to monosodium urate (MSU) crystal-induced J774A.1 cells, and the expression of inflammatory related genes was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - July 16, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Targeted Combination of Antioxidative and Anti ‐Inflammatory Therapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis using Multifunctional Dendrimer‐Entrapped Gold Nanoparticles as a Platform
A multifunctional dendrimer nanoplatform is developed to have entrapped gold nanoparticles within dendrimer interiors, and covalently linked PEGylated alpha ‐tocopheryl succinate, PEGylated folic acid, and 1,3‐propane sultone on dendrimer peripheries. The designed nanoplatform enables co‐delivery of drug/gene to macrophage cells, effectively scavenging reactive oxygen species and inhibiting tumor necrosis factor‐α expression for combined antiox idative and anti‐inflammatory therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. AbstractAbundant reactive oxygen species and tumor necrosis factor ‐α (TNF‐α) cytokine supply of M1�...
Source: Small - November 17, 2020 Category: Nanotechnology Authors: Jin Li, Liang Chen, Xiaoying Xu, Yu Fan, Xue Xue, Mingwu Shen, Xiangyang Shi Tags: Full Paper Source Type: research

Auranofin, an Anti-rheumatic Gold Drug, Aggravates the Radiation-Induced Acute Intestinal Injury in Mice
Conclusion In this study, we found that a non-toxic dose of auranofin significantly aggravated the severity of the radiation-induced intestinal injury. This suggests that auranofin treatment can be an independent factor that influences the risk of intestinal complications after pelvic or abdominal radiotherapy. Ethics Statement All the protocols used in this study were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Korean Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (IACUC permit number: KIRAMS217-0007). Author Contributions H-JL, JS, and Y-BL designed the experiments. EL and JK conducted the exp...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 23, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

TonEBP Suppresses the HO-1 Gene by Blocking Recruitment of Nrf2 to Its Promoter
Discussion Dynamic changes in the functional phenotype of macrophages are associated with pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases (5–7). TonEBP primes macrophages toward an M1 phenotype, which has pro-inflammatory properties. TonEBP does this by promoting expression of pro-inflammatory genes via interaction with NF-κB (36) and by binding directly to the promoter (37, 64). In addition, TonEBP suppresses expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by limiting chromatin access to the promoter (37). The pro-inflammatory function of TonEBP suggests that inhibiting its expression or activation could suppres...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 17, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Plant-Derived Alkaloids: The Promising Disease-Modifying Agents for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Conclusion This paper summarizes the current findings regarding the anti-colitis activity of plant-derived alkaloids and shows how these alkaloids exhibit significant and beneficial effects in alleviating colonic inflammation. These natural alkaloids are not only promising agents for IBD treatment but are also components for developing new wonder drugs. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms or toxicological evaluation of most plant-derived alkaloids still require much scientific research, and their actual efficacies for IBD patients have not been verified well in field research. Thus, further clinical trials to elu...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research