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Plant-Derived Alkaloids: The Promising Disease-Modifying Agents for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Conclusion This paper summarizes the current findings regarding the anti-colitis activity of plant-derived alkaloids and shows how these alkaloids exhibit significant and beneficial effects in alleviating colonic inflammation. These natural alkaloids are not only promising agents for IBD treatment but are also components for developing new wonder drugs. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms or toxicological evaluation of most plant-derived alkaloids still require much scientific research, and their actual efficacies for IBD patients have not been verified well in field research. Thus, further clinical trials to elu...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Complement C5b-9 and Cancer: Mechanisms of Cell Damage, Cancer Counteractions, and Approaches for Intervention
In conclusion, osmotic burst of inflated complement-damaged cells may occur, but these bursts are most likely a consequence of metabolic collapse of the cell rather than the cause of cell death. The Complement Cell Death Mediator: A Concerted Action of Toxic Moieties Membrane pores caused by complement were first visualized by electron microscopy on red blood cell membranes as large ring structures (22). Similar lesions were viewed on E. coli cell walls (23). Over the years, ample information on the fine ultrastructure of the MAC that can activate cell death has been gathered (24) and has been recently further examined (...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 9, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

The microtubule-associated protein PRC1 promotes early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in association with the Wnt/{beta}-catenin signalling pathway
Conclusions We identified PRC1 as a novel Wnt target that functions in a positive feedback loop that reinforces Wnt signalling to promote early HCC recurrence.
Source: Gut - August 8, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Chen, J., Rajasekaran, M., Xia, H., Zhang, X., Kong, S. N., Sekar, K., Seshachalam, V. P., Deivasigamani, A., Goh, B. K. P., Ooi, L. L., Hong, W., Hui, K. M. Tags: Open access, Colon cancer, Hepatic cancer Hepatology Source Type: research

Abstract 905: Influence of high fat diet and APC status on epigenetic regulation of FXR in colon cells
We examined the effects on CpG pmethylation of Fxr, and expression of FXR, peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA. Also, we studied the influence of APC status on CpG methylation of the Fxr gene, and expression of FXR, ileal bile acid-binding protein (IBABP), small heterodimer partner (SHP), and COX-2 mRNA in normal colonic mucosa and colon tumors from APCMin/+ mice. Mice fed the HFD had reduced (60%) Fxr promoter methylation and increased (2∼3-fold) FXR, COX-2, and PPARγ mRNA levels. Conversely, APC-deficiency was associated with constitutive hypermethylation of the...
Source: Cancer Research - August 2, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Selmin, O. I., Lyon, A. M., Fang, C., Doetschman, T. C., Thompson, P. A., Martinez, J. D., Smith, J., Lance, P. M., Romagnolo, D. F. Tags: Prevention Research Source Type: research

End-binding protein 1 (EB1) up-regulation is an early event in colorectal carcinogenesis
Highlights: Abstract: End-binding protein (EB1) is a microtubule protein that binds to the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). While EB1 is implicated as a potential oncogene, its role in cancer progression is unknown. Therefore, we analyzed EB1/APC expression at the earliest stages of colorectal carcinogenesis and in the uninvolved mucosa (“field effect”) of human and animal tissue. We also performed siRNA-knockdown in colon cancer cell lines. EB1 is up-regulated in early and field carcinogenesis in the colon, and the cellular/nano-architectural effect of EB1 knockdown depended on the genetic context. T...
Source: FEBS Letters - February 3, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Yolanda Stypula-Cyrus, Nikhil N. Mutyal, Mart Dela Cruz, Dhananjay P. Kunte, Andrew J. Radosevich, Ramesh Wali, Hemant K. Roy, Vadim Backman Tags: Research Letters Source Type: research