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Drug: Acetylcysteine

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Total 2370 results found since Jan 2013.

Auranofin, an Anti-rheumatic Gold Drug, Aggravates the Radiation-Induced Acute Intestinal Injury in Mice
Conclusion In this study, we found that a non-toxic dose of auranofin significantly aggravated the severity of the radiation-induced intestinal injury. This suggests that auranofin treatment can be an independent factor that influences the risk of intestinal complications after pelvic or abdominal radiotherapy. Ethics Statement All the protocols used in this study were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Korean Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (IACUC permit number: KIRAMS217-0007). Author Contributions H-JL, JS, and Y-BL designed the experiments. EL and JK conducted the exp...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 23, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Autophagy suppresses radiation damage by activating PARP-1 and attenuating reactive oxygen species in hepatoma cells.
CONCLUSION: Autophagy upregulates the expression of PARP-1 and relieves radiation damage by reducing the generation of ROS. PMID: 30964366 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: International Journal of Radiation Biology - April 10, 2019 Category: Radiology Tags: Int J Radiat Biol Source Type: research

TRPM2 Promotes Neurotoxin MPP + /MPTP-Induced Cell Death
AbstractIn neurons, Ca2+ is essential for a variety of physiological processes that regulate gene transcription to neuronal growth and their survival. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ions (MPP+) are potent neurotoxins that selectively destroys the dopaminergic (DA) neurons and mimics Parkinson ’s disease (PD) like symptoms, but the mechanism as how MPP+/MPTP effects DA neuron survival is not well-understood. In the present study, we found that MPP+ treatment increased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that activates and upregulates the expression and function o...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - December 11, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Sanguinarine Induces Apoptosis Pathway in Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines via Inhibition of the JaK2/STAT3 Signaling
In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities of SNG in a panel of MM cell lines (U266, IM9, MM1S, and RPMI-8226). SNG treatment of MM cells resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability through mitochondrial membrane potential loss and activation of caspase 3, 9, and cleavage of PARP. Pre-treatment of MM cells with a universal caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, prevented SNG mediated loss of cell viability, apoptosis, and caspase activation, confirming that SNG-mediated apoptosis is caspase-dependent. The SNG-mediated apoptosis appears to be resulted from suppres...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - April 16, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

CREB, NF-κB, and NADPH oxidase coordinately upregulate indoxyl sulfate-induced angiotensinogen expression in proximal tubular cells.
Abstract In chronic kidney disease (CKD), indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin, accumulates in serum, and the expression of angiotensinogen (AGT) is upregulated in renal proximal tubular cells. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between indoxyl sulfate and the upregulation of AGT expression in proximal tubular cells. Indoxyl sulfate induced expression of AGT in rat renal cortex and in cultured human proximal tubular cells (HK-2). In proximal tubular cells, indoxyl sulfate induced phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) on Ser-133, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) specific to ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - February 13, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Shimizu H, Saito S, Higashiyama Y, Nishijima F, Niwa T Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

CREB, NF-{kappa}B, and NADPH oxidase coordinately upregulate indoxyl sulfate-induced angiotensinogen expression in proximal tubular cells
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin, accumulates in serum, and the expression of angiotensinogen (AGT) is upregulated in renal proximal tubular cells. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between indoxyl sulfate and the upregulation of AGT expression in proximal tubular cells. Indoxyl sulfate induced expression of AGT in rat renal cortex and in cultured human proximal tubular cells (HK-2). In proximal tubular cells, indoxyl sulfate induced phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) on Ser-133, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) specific to CREB inhibited ind...
Source: AJP: Cell Physiology - April 1, 2013 Category: Cytology Authors: Shimizu, H., Saito, S., Higashiyama, Y., Nishijima, F., Niwa, T. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research

PKC{delta}-IRAK1 axis regulates oxidized LDL-induced IL-1{beta} production in monocytes Research Articles
This study examined the role of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) and protein kinase C (PKC) in oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL)-induced monocyte IL-1β production. In THP1 cells, Ox-LDL induced time-dependent secretory IL-1β and IRAK1 activity; IRAK4, IRAK3, and CD36 protein expression; PKC-JNK1 phosphorylation; and AP-1 activation. IRAK1/4 siRNA and inhibitor (INH)-attenuated Ox-LDL induced secreted IL-1β and pro-IL-1β mRNA and pro-IL-1β and mature IL-1β protein expression, respectively. Diphenyleneiodonium chloride (NADPH oxidase INH) and N-acetylcysteine (free radical scavenger) att...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - June 30, 2014 Category: Lipidology Authors: Tiwari, R. L., Singh, V., Singh, A., Rana, M., Verma, A., Kothari, N., Kohli, M., Bogra, J., Dikshit, M., Barthwal, M. K. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

ROS-p53-cyclophilin-D signaling mediates salinomycin-induced glioma cell necrosis
Conclusions: Thus, salinomycin mainly induces programmed necrosis in cultured glioma cells.
Source: Epidemiologic Perspectives and Innovations - May 29, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Li-sen QinPi-feng JiaZhi-qing ZhangShi-ming Zhang Source Type: research

The Sineoculis Homeobox Homolog 1 (SIX1) Gene Regulates Paclitaxel Resistance by Affecting Reactive Oxygen Species and Autophagy in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line HepG2.
CONCLUSIONS Knockdown of SIX1 increased cell ROS levels and autophagy, promoted cell apoptosis, and enhanced TAX sensitivity of HepG2 cells. PMID: 29656300 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Medical Science Monitor - April 18, 2018 Category: Research Tags: Med Sci Monit Source Type: research

Dexamethasone may inhibit placental growth by blocking glucocorticoid receptors via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin and reactive oxygen species/AMP-activated protein kinase signalling pathways in human placental JEG-3 cells
This study explored the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of dexamethasone (DEX, 1µM) on glucose transporters (GLUT) in JEG-3 human placental choriocarcinoma cells. JEG-3 cells were treated with DEX, an expression plasmid encoding human glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα), pcDNA3.1-GRα, GRα short interference (si) RNA, LY294002, xanthine oxidase (XO)/hypoxanthine (HX), rapamycin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or phosphatidic acid (PA), and cell proliferation, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) content, human placental lactogen (hPL) ...
Source: Reproduction, Fertility, and Development - August 16, 2021 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Xin Zhan Yiran Xie Liping Sun Qi Si Hongkai Shang Source Type: research

Increased alveolar epithelial TRAF6 via autophagy-dependent TRIM37 degradation mediates particulate matter-induced lung metastasis
Autophagy. 2021 Sep 15:1-19. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1965421. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTEpidemiological and clinical studies have shown that exposure to particulate matter (PM) is associated with an increased incidence of lung cancer and metastasis. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated the central role of PM-induced neutrophil recruitment in promoting lung cancer metastasis. We found that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated alveolar epithelial macroautophagy/autophagy was essential for initiating neutrophil chemotaxis and pre-metastatic niche formation in the lungs in response ...
Source: Autophagy - September 15, 2021 Category: Cytology Authors: Jiajun Liu Shumin Li Xuefeng Fei Xi Nan Yingying Shen Huiqing Xiu Stephania A Cormier Chaojie Lu Chuqi Guo Shibo Wang Zhijian Cai Pingli Wang Source Type: research

Atractylodin inhibits fructose-induced human podocyte hypermotility via anti-oxidant to down-regulate TRPC6/p-CaMK4 signaling
Eur J Pharmacol. 2021 Nov 12:174616. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174616. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTHigh fructose has been reported to drive glomerular podocyte oxidative stress and then induce podocyte foot process effacement in vivo, which could be partly regarded as podocyte hypermotility in vitro. Atractylodin possesses anti-oxidative effect. The aim of this study was to explore whether atractylodin prevented against fructose-induced podocyte hypermotility via anti-oxidative property. In fructose-exposed conditionally immortalized human podocytes, we found that atractylodin inhibited podocyte hypermotility, and up-re...
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology - November 15, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Li Chen Ya-Li Tang Zhi-Hong Liu Ying Pan Rui-Qing Jiao Ling-Dong Kong Source Type: research