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Vaccination: Vaccines

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Vaccination Exemption and the Pediatric Health Care Provider
Among children born between 1994 and 2013, vaccinations will prevent approximately 322 million illnesses, 21 million hospitalizations, and 732,000 deaths, resulting in a net savings of $295 billion in direct costs and $1.4 trillion in total societal costs (Whitney, Zhou, Singelton, & Schuchat, 2014). Although U.S. vaccination rates among young children 19 to 35 months of age is more than 90% for four types of vaccines, coverage remains below target for several others (Table 1; Elam-Evans, Yankey, Singleton, & Kolasa, 2014b).
Source: Journal of Pediatric Health Care - May 9, 2015 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Eileen K. Fry-Bowers, Karen G. Duderstadt Tags: Department Source Type: research

Clinical features and outcomes of invasive pneumococcal disease in a pediatric intensive care unit
This study aimed to characterize the clinical features of IPD in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in Taiwan. The seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced in the private sector in October 2005. The estimated coverage rate of PCV7 vaccination in 2010 was 45.5 % among children
Source: BMC Pediatrics - July 17, 2015 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Hsiang-Ju HsiaoChang-Teng WuJing-Long HuangCheng-Hsun ChiuYhu-Chering HuangJainn-Jim LinI-Anne HuangOi-Wa ChanI-Jun ChouShao-Hsuan Hsia Source Type: research

NAPNAP Position Statement on Immunizations
The National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners (NAPNAP) supports the timely and complete immunization of all infants, children, adolescents, and adults in an attempt to maximize the health and wellbeing of all people. Routine childhood immunizations prevent as many as 3 million deaths per year. In addition, 1.5 million deaths per year could be avoided if global vaccination efforts continue to improve (World  Health Organization, 2017).
Source: Journal of Pediatric Health Care - October 25, 2018 Category: Pediatrics Authors: National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners, Immunization Special Interest Group,, Lacey Eden, Cheryl Cairns, Karlen E. Luthy, Mary Koslap-Petraco Tags: NAPNAP POSITION STATEMENT Source Type: research

Resurgence of Vaccine-Preventable Disease: Ethics in the Pediatric Emergency Department
After a decades-long reduction in vaccine-preventable illnesses worldwide, there has been a reappearance of childhood illnesses once thought to be eradicated. This resurgence in illnesses such as polio and measles is a consequence of multifactorial events leading to decreased vaccination rates. A lack of resources in poor and war-torn countries, coupled with increasing global travel, and decisions to delay or defer vaccinations because of inaccurate studies further emphasized by media have combined to result in current state of frequent local and widespread epidemics, specifically the current outbreak of measles. As provid...
Source: Pediatric Emergency Care - September 1, 2019 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Outcome of status asthmaticus at a pediatric intensive care unit in Hong Kong
ConclusionsSA accounts for a small proportion of PICU admissions. LOS was short and prognosis generally good. Nonadherence to prior asthma therapy was common. The most common trigger is enterovirus/rhinovirus for children with severe asthma requiring PICU admission. A trend of increase in usage of ipratropium, magnesium sulphate and NIV was observed. Primary prevention and early treatment of exacerbation are the most important step in managing children with asthma. Regular follow up to ensure compliance together with annual vaccination could possibly avoid PICU admissions.
Source: The Clinical Respiratory Journal - January 21, 2020 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Amy Cheng, Kam Lun Hon, Renee W Y Chan, Lawrence Chan, William Wong, Hon Ming Cheung, Su Yun Qian Tags: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Source Type: research

Vaccine Hesitancy in Rural Pediatric Primary Care
Vaccine hesitancy (VH) is a pervasive issue resulting in the delay or refusal of vaccines, which are known to protect against life-threatening diseases. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to determine if early identification of VH using the Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines survey and targeted interventions would decrease VH scores. Of the 70 total participants, 11 participants were VH in the preintervention survey group; of those, nine (81.8%) were not VH in the postintervention survey group, and two (18.2%) remained VH (p  = .004) after the intervention.
Source: Journal of Pediatric Health Care - September 29, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Robyn Mical, Julia Martin-Velez, Thomas Blackstone, Anne Derouin Tags: Article Source Type: research

Increasing Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Uptake in Pediatric Primary Care by Offering Vaccine to Household Members
Pediatric primary care is a trusted source for treatment and information. In the 6 months after COVID-19 vaccines became available for adolescents, we administered 2,286 doses (1,270 to patients; 1,016 to household members) to 1,376 individuals (64.1% Black; 10.1% Latinx), providing opportunities to address family concerns in a familiar location.
Source: The Journal of Pediatrics - April 18, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Mary Carol Burkhardt, Francis J. Real, Dominick DeBlasio, Andrew F. Beck, Allison Reyner, Brittany L. Rosen Tags: Brief Reports Source Type: research

COVID-19 Pediatric Vaccination Attitudes among Parents in Ohio
The purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with parental intention to vaccinate children against COVID-19 in Ohio following pediatric vaccine approval in October 2021.
Source: Journal of Pediatric Health Care - July 12, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Carol Schaumleffel, Christy Vickers, Ilana Azulay Chertok Tags: Article Source Type: research

A Clinical Educational Intervention to Increase HPV Vaccination Rates Among Pediatric Patients Through Enhanced Recommendations
The human papillomavirus (HPV) causes largely preventable cancers by completing a vaccination series. However, pediatric HPV vaccination rates remain low. Current evidence indicates that integrating five factors creates a high-quality recommendation associated with higher HPV vaccination rates. This quality improvement project aimed to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention to improve the quality of providers ’ recommendations and subsequent vaccination rates.
Source: Journal of Pediatric Health Care - August 3, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Kelley R. Davis, Sharon L. Norman, Bradley G. Olson, Shaban Demirel, Asma A. Taha Tags: Article Source Type: research

Quality Improvement Project to Increase Human Papillomavirus Two-Dose Vaccine Series Completion by 13  Years in Pediatric Primary Care Clinics
The human papillomavirus (HPV) causes genitourinary and oropharyngeal cancers. The HPV vaccine is safe and effective in preventing those diseases; however, vaccine series completion rates remain low in the United States. Our quality improvement (QI) project aimed to increase HPV-vaccination series completion rates to 70% from 2017 to 2020 for the 13-year patient population in an extensive academic pediatric primary care network that serves predominantly minority and Medicaid-insured children in Columbus, OH.
Source: Journal of Adolescent Health - March 14, 2023 Category: Child Development Authors: Amina Smajlovic, Christina D. Toth Tags: Original article Source Type: research

Measuring and assessing preventive medicine services in a student-run free clinic.
Abstract Abstract:We conducted a chart review of 119 patients between June 2008 and June 2009, in order to determine the rates of seven preventive medicine services in our student-run free clinic. We compared our results with national goals as well as with the national adherence rates and the adherence rates of other community clinics. We found that our clinic met or exceeded the standard set by these clinics with respect to smoking cessation, alcohol abuse screening, and mammography; however, it did not meet this standard with respect to colonoscopy, Pap smear, influenza vaccination, or pneumococc...
Source: Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved - February 13, 2013 Category: Global & Universal Authors: Zucker J, Lee J, Khokhar M, Schroeder R, Keller S Tags: J Health Care Poor Underserved Source Type: research

Delivering neurocritical care in resource-challenged environments
Purpose of review: Resource-challenged environments of low and middle-income countries face a significant burden of neurocritical illness. This review attempts to elaborate on the multiple barriers to delivering neurocritical care in these settings and the possible solutions to overcome such barriers. Recent findings: Epidemiology of neurocritical illness appears to have changed over time in low and middle-income countries. In addition to neuro-infection, noncommunicable neurological illnesses like stroke, traumatic brain injury, and traumatic spinal cord injury pose a significant neurocritical burden in resource-limited ...
Source: Current Opinion in Critical Care - March 6, 2016 Category: Nursing Tags: NEUROSCIENCE: Edited by J. Claude Hemphill Source Type: research

Resurgence of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in the United States: Anesthetic and Critical Care Implications.
Abstract Vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) such as measles and pertussis are becoming more common in the United States. This disturbing trend is driven by several factors, including the antivaccination movement, waning efficacy of certain vaccines, pathogen adaptation, and travel of individuals to and from areas where disease is endemic. The anesthesia-related manifestations of many VPDs involve airway complications, cardiovascular and respiratory compromise, and unusual neurologic and neuromuscular symptoms. In this article, we will review the presentation and management of 9 VPDs most relevant to anesthesiolog...
Source: Anesthesia and Analgesia - April 14, 2016 Category: Anesthesiology Authors: Porteous GH, Hanson NA, Sueda LA, Hoaglan CD, Dahl AB, Ohlson BB, Schmidt BE, Wang CC, Fagley RE Tags: Anesth Analg Source Type: research

Assessment of the knowledge of Brazilian Community Health Workers regarding prenatal care.
CONCLUSION: The results suggest that CHWs, especially female CHWs, have an important role in assisting pregnant women in the community. The study indicates the areas of knowledge that require more specific attention from training providers. PMID: 30296960 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Primary Care - October 9, 2018 Category: Primary Care Authors: Bonifácio LP, Marques JMA, Vieira EM Tags: Prim Health Care Res Dev Source Type: research

Community-acquired pneumonia as an emergency condition
Purpose of review Despite the improvements in its management, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) still exhibits high global morbidity and mortality rates, especially in elderly patients. This review focuses on the most recent findings on the epidemiology, cause, diagnosis and management of CAP. Recent findings There is consistent evidence that the trend in CAP mortality has declined over time. However, the mortality of pneumococcal CAP has not changed in the last two decades, with an increase in the rate of hospitalization and more severe forms of CAP. Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most frequent cause of CAP in...
Source: Current Opinion in Critical Care - November 2, 2018 Category: Nursing Tags: EMERGENCIES IN CRITICAL CARE: Edited by Wesley H. Self Source Type: research