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Nutrition: Carbohydrates
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High-Fat Ketogenic Diets and Ketone Monoester Supplements Differentially Affect Substrate Metabolism during Aerobic Exercise
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2023 Sep 18. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00359.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTChronically adhering to high-fat ketogenic diets or consuming ketone monoester supplements elicits ketosis. Resulting changes in substrate metabolism appear to be drastically different between ketogenic diets and ketone supplements. Consuming a ketogenic diet increases fatty acid oxidation with concomitant decreases in endogenous carbohydrate oxidation. Increased fat oxidation eventually results in an accumulation of circulating ketone bodies, which are metabolites of fatty acids that serve as an alternative source of fue...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - September 18, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Lee M Margolis Stefan M Pasiakos Emily E Howard Source Type: research
Structural elucidation and physicochemical properties of litchi polysaccharide with the promoting effect on exopolysaccharide production by Weissella confusa
Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Sep 16;253(Pt 3):126944. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126944. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTExopolysaccharide (EPS), as a secondary metabolite of microorganisms, has been commonly used in the dairy industry to replace the traditional stabilizers. However, the EPS production by microorganism is generally low, which limits its application. A litchi polysaccharide (Lzp2-2) with the promoting effect on EPS production by Weissella confusa was purified. The SEM and FT-IR analysis indicated that Lzp2-2 displayed a compact netlike structure and typical bands of carbohydrates. The structure of Lzp2-2 was f...
Source: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules - September 18, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Teng-Gen Hu Feng-Xiang Tan Lu Li Ke-Jing An Bo Zou Jing Wen Ji-Jun Wu Geng-Sheng Xiao Yuan-Shan Yu Yu-Juan Xu Source Type: research
High-Fat Ketogenic Diets and Ketone Monoester Supplements Differentially Affect Substrate Metabolism during Aerobic Exercise
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2023 Sep 18. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00359.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTChronically adhering to high-fat ketogenic diets or consuming ketone monoester supplements elicits ketosis. Resulting changes in substrate metabolism appear to be drastically different between ketogenic diets and ketone supplements. Consuming a ketogenic diet increases fatty acid oxidation with concomitant decreases in endogenous carbohydrate oxidation. Increased fat oxidation eventually results in an accumulation of circulating ketone bodies, which are metabolites of fatty acids that serve as an alternative source of fue...
Source: Am J Physiol Cell Ph... - September 18, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Lee M Margolis Stefan M Pasiakos Emily E Howard Source Type: research
Structural variations of lignin and lignin-carbohydrate complexes from the fruit shells of Camellia oleifera during ripening
Int J Biol Macromol. 2023 Sep 16:126946. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126946. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTCamellia oleifera fruit shell (CFS), a waste lignocellulosic biomass resulting from Camellia oleifera oil production industry, is abundantly available in Southern China. Herein, to understand the structural variations of CFS lignins and lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC) during ripening, the native lignin and LCC fractions from CFS (harvested every seven days from October 1 to 30, 2022) were isolated and characterized systematically. The molecular weights of both MWL and DEL fractions steadily increased during ripen...
Source: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules - September 18, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Xichuang Cheng Ruxia Ning Pengfei Li Fenglun Zhang Kun Wang Jianxin Jiang Source Type: research
High-Fat Ketogenic Diets and Ketone Monoester Supplements Differentially Affect Substrate Metabolism during Aerobic Exercise
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2023 Sep 18. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00359.2023. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTChronically adhering to high-fat ketogenic diets or consuming ketone monoester supplements elicits ketosis. Resulting changes in substrate metabolism appear to be drastically different between ketogenic diets and ketone supplements. Consuming a ketogenic diet increases fatty acid oxidation with concomitant decreases in endogenous carbohydrate oxidation. Increased fat oxidation eventually results in an accumulation of circulating ketone bodies, which are metabolites of fatty acids that serve as an alternative source of fue...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - September 18, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Lee M Margolis Stefan M Pasiakos Emily E Howard Source Type: research
Polysaccharide-Based Double-Network Hydrogels: Polysaccharide Effect, Strengthening Mechanisms, and Applications
Biomacromolecules. 2023 Sep 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00765. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPolysaccharides are carbohydrate polymers that are major components of plants, animals, and microorganisms, with unique properties. Biological hydrogels are polymeric networks that imbibe and retain large amounts of water and are the major components of living organisms. The mechanical properties of hydrogels are critical for their functionality and applications. Since synthetic polymeric double-network (DN) hydrogels possess unique network structures with high and tunable mechanical properties, many natural functional polysaccha...
Source: Biomacromolecules - September 18, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Pengguang Wang Qingyu Liao Hongbin Zhang Source Type: research
F77 antigen is a promising target for adoptive T cell therapy of prostate cancer
This study entails the generation and evaluation of a second-generation CAR against a carbohydrate antigen on malignant prostate cancer cells. Using a single chain fragment variable (scFv) from an F77-specific mouse monoclonal antibody, we created second-generation CARs with CD28 and CD137 (4-1BB) costimulatory signals. F77 expressing lentiviral CAR T cells produce cytokines and kill tumor cells in a F77 expression-dependent manner. These F77-specific CAR T cells eradicate prostate tumors in a human xenograft model employing PC3 cells. These findings validate F77 as a promising immunotherapeutic target for prostate cancer ...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - September 17, 2023 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Payal Grover Selene Nunez-Cruz John Leferovich Tyra Wentz Atrish Bagchi Michael C Milone Mark I Greene Source Type: research
Synthesis of fluorinated and nonfluorinated sugar alkenylphosphonates via highly stereoselective Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination
Carbohydr Res. 2023 Sep 13;533:108941. doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108941. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTNew fluorinated and nonfluorinated sugar alkenylphosphonates were obtained. In all cases 1,2;5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-d-glucofuranose was used as the starting material. The synthesis of alkenylphosphonates was based on Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination. The process led to products with E-stereochemistry exclusively or predominately.PMID:37717483 | DOI:10.1016/j.carres.2023.108941
Source: Carbohydrate Research - September 17, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Monika Bilska-Markowska Marcin Ka źmierczak Source Type: research
Water-soluble fluorine-functionalized chitooligosaccharide derivatives: Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity
Carbohydr Res. 2023 Sep 4;533:108935. doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108935. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIn this work, a series of water-soluble fluorine-functionalized chitooligosaccharide derivatives were synthesized by conjugating nicotinic acid to chitooligosaccharide via nicotinylation reaction, followed by nucleophilic reaction with ethyl bromide, benzyl bromide and fluorobenzyl bromides. Synthesized derivatives were identified structurally by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. In addition, the antibacterial activities of chitooligosaccharide derivatives against several disease-caus...
Source: Carbohydrate Research - September 17, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Conghao Lin Fang Luan Shengjia Su Aili Jiang Wenqiang Tan Zhanyong Guo Source Type: research
Synthesis of fluorinated and nonfluorinated sugar alkenylphosphonates via highly stereoselective Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination
Carbohydr Res. 2023 Sep 13;533:108941. doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108941. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTNew fluorinated and nonfluorinated sugar alkenylphosphonates were obtained. In all cases 1,2;5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-d-glucofuranose was used as the starting material. The synthesis of alkenylphosphonates was based on Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination. The process led to products with E-stereochemistry exclusively or predominately.PMID:37717483 | DOI:10.1016/j.carres.2023.108941
Source: Carbohydrate Research - September 17, 2023 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Monika Bilska-Markowska Marcin Ka źmierczak Source Type: research
F77 antigen is a promising target for adoptive T cell therapy of prostate cancer
This study entails the generation and evaluation of a second-generation CAR against a carbohydrate antigen on malignant prostate cancer cells. Using a single chain fragment variable (scFv) from an F77-specific mouse monoclonal antibody, we created second-generation CARs with CD28 and CD137 (4-1BB) costimulatory signals. F77 expressing lentiviral CAR T cells produce cytokines and kill tumor cells in a F77 expression-dependent manner. These F77-specific CAR T cells eradicate prostate tumors in a human xenograft model employing PC3 cells. These findings validate F77 as a promising immunotherapeutic target for prostate cancer ...
Source: Cell Research - September 17, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Payal Grover Selene Nunez-Cruz John Leferovich Tyra Wentz Atrish Bagchi Michael C Milone Mark I Greene Source Type: research
