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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ): A master gatekeeper in CNS injury and repair
We describe its structure and function and identify the genes that it targets. PPARγ regulation of inflammation, metabolism, cell fate (proliferation/differentiation/maturation/survival), and many other processes also has relevance to other neurological diseases. Therefore, PPARγ is an attractive target for therapies against a number of progressive neurological disorders.
Source: Progress in Neurobiology - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Enhancing endogenous capacity to repair a stroke-damaged brain: An evolving field for stroke research
Publication date: April–May 2018Source: Progress in Neurobiology, Volumes 163–164Author(s): Li-Ru Zhao, Alison WillingAbstractStroke represents a severe medical condition that causes stroke survivors to suffer from long-term and even lifelong disability. Over the past several decades, a vast majority of stroke research targets neuroprotection in the acute phase, while little work has been done to enhance stroke recovery at the later stage. Through reviewing current understanding of brain plasticity, stroke pathology, and emerging preclinical and clinical restorative approaches, this review aims to provide new insights ...
Source: Progress in Neurobiology - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Microtubules and axon regeneration in C. elegans
Publication date: Available online 16 March 2018Source: Molecular and Cellular NeuroscienceAuthor(s): Lizhen ChenAbstractAxon regeneration is a fundamental and conserved process that allows the nervous system to repair circuits after trauma. Due to its conserved genome, transparent body, and relatively simple neuroanatomy, C. elegans has become a powerful model organism for studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying axon regeneration. Various studies from different model organisms have found microtubule dynamics to be pivotal to axon regrowth. In this review, we will discuss the latest findings on how microt...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Acute ischemic dissection of an “S”-shaped carotid artery: The “one-stop” value of using a detachable Solitaire AB stent
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endovascular repair using detachable Solitaire AB stents for acute ischemic dissection of “S”-shaped carotid arteries. From May 2015 to December 2016, a total of 127 patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) underwent endovascular treatment in our center. Among them, five AISs were due to acute dissection of an “S”-shaped carotid artery. Coexisting carotid embolism was identified in all five patients, who first underwent successful Solitaire AB stent-based retrieval of the embolism. All patients then underwent Solitaire AB stenting to reopen the occluded carot...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neuroscience - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Neural stem cell therapies and hypoxic-ischemic brain injury
Publication date: Available online 21 May 2018 Source:Progress in Neurobiology Author(s): Lei Huang, Lubo Zhang Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the adult as well as in the neonate. Extensive pre-clinical studies have shown promising therapeutic effects of neural stem cell-based treatments for hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. There are two major strategies of neural stem cell-based therapies: transplanting exogenous neural stem cells and boosting self-repair of endogenous neural stem cells. Neural stem cell transplantation has been proved to improve functional recovery after...
Source: Progress in Neurobiology - May 22, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Acute ischemic dissection of an “S”-shaped carotid artery: The “one-stop” value of using a detachable Solitaire AB stent
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endovascular repair using detachable Solitaire AB stents for acute ischemic dissection of “S”-shaped carotid arteries. From May 2015 to December 2016, a total of 127 patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) underwent endovascular treatment in our center. Among them, five AISs were due to acute dissection of an “S”-shaped carotid artery. Coexisting carotid embolism was identified in all five patients, who first underwent successful Solitaire AB stent-based retrieval of the embolism. All patients then underwent Solitaire AB stenting to reopen the occluded carot...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neuroscience - May 9, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Microtubules and axon regeneration in C. elegans
Publication date: Available online 16 March 2018 Source:Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Author(s): Lizhen Chen Axon regeneration is a fundamental and conserved process that allows the nervous system to repair circuits after trauma. Due to its conserved genome, transparent body, and relatively simple neuroanatomy, C. elegans has become a powerful model organism for studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying axon regeneration. Various studies from different model organisms have found microtubule dynamics to be pivotal to axon regrowth. In this review, we will discuss the latest findings on how microtubule...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - March 16, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Enhancing endogenous capacity to repair a stroke-damaged brain: an evolving field for stroke research
Publication date: Available online 21 February 2018 Source:Progress in Neurobiology Author(s): Li-Ru Zhao, Alison Willing Stroke represents a severe medical condition that causes stroke survivors to suffer from long-term and even lifelong disability. Over the past several decades, a vast majority of stroke research targets neuroprotection in the acute phase, while little work has been done to enhance stroke recovery at the later stage. Through reviewing current understanding of brain plasticity, stroke pathology, and emerging preclinical and clinical restorative approaches, this review aims to provide new insights to adva...
Source: Progress in Neurobiology - March 2, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Effects of sevoflurane preconditioning on microglia/macrophage dynamics and phagocytosis profile against cerebral ischemia in rats.
CONCLUSIONS: Our current study has identified the impact of sevoflurane preconditioning on microglia/macrophage dynamics, including its migration, phagocytosis, and proliferation at early stage after brain ischemia and reperfusion. Sevoflurane might enhance microglia/macrophage activation and promote brain repair. These results could help to approach more relevant microglia/macrophage cell-based strategy for human stroke therapy. PMID: 29427321 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - February 9, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Dang DD, Saiyin H, Yu Q, Liang WM Tags: CNS Neurosci Ther Source Type: research

Scalp acupuncture plus low-frequency rTMS promotes repair of brain white matter tracts in stroke patients: A  DTI study.
Scalp acupuncture plus low-frequency rTMS promotes repair of brain white matter tracts in stroke patients: A DTI study. J Integr Neurosci. 2018;17(1):125-139 Authors: Zhao N, Zhang J, Qiu M, Wang C, Xiang Y, Wang H, Xie J, Liu S, Wu J Abstract To study the clinical effects of scalp acupuncture plus low frequency rTMS in hemiplegic stroke patients. A total of 28 hemiplegic stroke patients were recruited and randomly assigned to the experimental group (scalp acupuncture + low frequency rTMS + routine rehabilitation treatment) or the control group (scalp acupuncture + routine rehabilitation treatment...
Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience - January 31, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zhao N, Zhang J, Qiu M, Wang C, Xiang Y, Wang H, Xie J, Liu S, Wu J Tags: J Integr Neurosci Source Type: research

DL-3-n-butylphthalide induced neuroprotection, regenerative repair, functional recovery and psychological benefits following traumatic brain injury in mice
Publication date: December 2017 Source:Neurochemistry International, Volume 111 Author(s): Yingying Zhao, Jin Hwan Lee, Dongdong Chen, Xiaohuan Gu, Asha Caslin, Jimei Li, Shan Ping Yu, Ling Wei Previous investigations suggest that DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) is a promising multifaceted drug for the treatment of stroke. It is not clear whether NBP can treat traumatic brain injury (TBI) and what could be the mechanisms of therapeutic benefits. To address these issues, TBI was induced by a controlled cortical impact in adult male mice. NBP (100 mg/kg) or saline was intraperitoneally administered within 5 min after TBI. One...
Source: Neurochemistry International - November 27, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Photobiomodulation for Traumatic Brain Injury and Stroke
Abstract There is a notable lack of therapeutic alternatives for what is fast becoming a global epidemic of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Photobiomodulation (PBM) employs red or near‐infrared (NIR) light (600–1100nm) to stimulate healing, protect tissue from dying, increase mitochondrial function, improve blood flow, and tissue oxygenation. PBM can also act to reduce swelling, increase antioxidants, decrease inflammation, protect against apoptosis, and modulate microglial activation state. All these mechanisms of action strongly suggest that PBM delivered to the head should be beneficial in cases of both acute and chro...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - November 13, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Michael R Hamblin Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research

Blood-brain barrier dysfunction and recovery after ischemic stroke
This article reviews recent advances in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying BBB dysfunction and recovery after ischemic stroke. CNS cells in the neurovascular unit, as well as blood-borne peripheral cells constantly modulate the BBB and influence its breakdown and repair after ischemic stroke. The involvement of stroke risk factors and comorbid conditions further complicate the pathogenesis of neurovascular injury by predisposing the BBB to anatomical and functional changes that can exacerbate BBB dysfunction. Emphasis is also given to the process of long-term structural and functional restoration of the BBB after i...
Source: Progress in Neurobiology - October 19, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ): A master gatekeeper in CNS injury and repair
We describe its structure and function and identify the genes that it targets. PPARγ regulation of inflammation, metabolism, cell fate (proliferation/differentiation/maturation/survival), and many other processes also has relevance to other neurological diseases. Therefore, PPARγ is an attractive target for therapies against a number of progressive neurological disorders.
Source: Progress in Neurobiology - October 13, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Chemokines play complex roles in cerebral ischemia
Publication date: Available online 16 June 2017 Source:Neurochemistry International Author(s): Chen Chen, Shi-Feng Chu, Dan-Dan Liu, Zhao Zhang, Ling-Lei Kong, Xin Zhou, Nai-Hong Chen Ischemic stroke (IS) is a disease caused by deficiency of blood and oxygen in focal or complete brain, followed by inflammation cascade and other pathological reactions, which finally lead to irreversible damage to the cerebrum. For the inflammation is a key progress at the initiation of ischemia and poststroke, and chemokines work as vital cytokines in inflammation, we focus the roles of chemokines in IS. Studies have shown cerebral ischemi...
Source: Neurochemistry International - June 26, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

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