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Total 125 results found since Jan 2013.

Phagocytic microglia and macrophages in brain injury and repair
CONCLUSION: Identification of biological targets that can temper neuroinflammation after brain injury without hindering the essential phagocytic functions of microglia/macrophages will expedite better medical management of the stroke recovery stage.PMID:35751629 | DOI:10.1111/cns.13899
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - June 25, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Fang Yu Yangfan Wang Anne R Stetler Rehana K Leak Xiaoming Hu Jun Chen Source Type: research

Ginkgetin Promotes M2 Polarization of Microglia and Exert Neuroprotection in Ischemic Stroke via Modulation of PPAR γ Pathway
This study aims to explore the regulatory effects of ginkgetin on microglia polarization in brain ischemia. Oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) cellular model and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) animal model was used in this study. We first observed the dynamic process of microglia polarization in ischemic stroke, and then investigated the effect of ginkgetin treatment on microglia polarization. Finally, we studied the role of PPARγ signaling pathway and the blocking effect of PPARγ antagonist GW9662 in this process. OGD and cerebral ischemia polarized microglia mainly to M1 type. However, ginkgetin treatment conver...
Source: Neurochemical Research - May 20, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Tianchi Tang Xiongwei Wang Enbo Qi Shiting Li Hui Sun Source Type: research

Repair-related molecular changes during recovery phase of ischemic stroke in female rats
Some degree of spontaneous recovery is usually observed after stroke. Experimental studies have provided information about molecular mechanisms underlying this recovery. However, the majority of pre-clinical s...
Source: BMC Neuroscience - April 12, 2022 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Maryam Mostajeran, Lars Edvinsson, Hilda Ahnstedt, Kajsa Arkelius and Saema Ansar Tags: Research article Source Type: research

Therapeutic Potential of Cytokines in Demyelinating Lesions After Stroke
AbstractWhite matter damage is a component of most human stroke and usually accounts for at least half of the lesion volume. Subcortical white matter stroke (WMS) accounts for 25% of all strokes and causes severe motor and cognitive dysfunction. The adult brain has a very limited ability to repair white matter damage. Pathological analysis shows that demyelination or myelin loss is the main feature of white matter injury and plays an important role in long-term sensorimotor and cognitive dysfunction. This suggests that demyelination is a major therapeutic target for ischemic stroke injury. An acute inflammatory reaction is...
Source: Journal of Molecular Neuroscience - October 1, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

T cells direct microglial repair of white matter after stroke
This study elucidates the mechanisms by which Tregs direct microglia to alter their phenotype to support oligodendrogenesis, thereby improving white matter integrity and functional recovery after stroke in mice.PMID:34332802 | DOI:10.1016/j.tins.2021.07.005
Source: Trends in Neurosciences - August 1, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kristy A Zera Marion S Buckwalter Source Type: research

Metabolic determinants of leukocyte pathogenicity in neurological diseases
Immune cells finely tune their intracellular metabolic activity upon activation, and such metabolic changes are crucial for their polarization, effector functions and pathogenicity. In this manuscript, we review our current knowledge about the metabolic profiles of circulating immune cells in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disease, with a focus on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, stroke, and multiple sclerosis. We also discuss the importance of these metabolic changes on the development of such life-threatening diseases, and highlight how impacting immune cell metabolism may represent a novel and innovative a...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - July 14, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Marah C. Runtsch, Giovanni Ferrara, Stefano Angiari Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research

Emerging role of PARP ‐1 and PARthanatos in ischemic stroke
AbstractCell death is a key feature of neurological diseases, including stroke and neurodegenerative disorders. Studies in a variety of ischemic/hypoxic mouse models demonstrate that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1)-dependent cell death, also named PARthanatos, plays a pivotal role in ischemic neuronal cell death and disease progress. PARthanatos has its unique triggers, processors, and executors that convey a highly orchestrated and programmed signaling cascade. In addition to its role in gene transcription, DNA damage repair, and energy homeostasis through PARylation of its various targets, PARP-1 activation in neu...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - July 9, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Shuiqiao Liu, Weibo Luo, Yingfei Wang Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research

Protective effects of Astragaloside IV against oxidative injury and apoptosis in cultured astrocytes by regulating Nrf2/JNK signaling
In conclusion, these findings revealed that AS-IV protected against OGD/R-induced astrocytes through inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptotic pathways.PMID:33830313 | DOI:10.1007/s00221-021-06096-7
Source: Experimental Brain Research - April 8, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jintao Yang Chongyu Shao Wentao Li Haitong Wan Yu He Jiehong Yang Source Type: research

Epigenetics in blood –brain barrier disruption
AbstractThe vessels of the central nervous system (CNS) have unique barrier properties. The endothelial cells (ECs) which comprise the CNS vessels contribute to the barrier via strong tight junctions, specific transporters, and limited endocytosis which combine to protect the brain from toxins and maintains brain homeostasis. Blood –brain barrier (BBB) leakage is a serious secondary injury in various CNS disorders like stroke, brain tumors, and neurodegenerative disorders. Currently, there are no drugs or therapeutics available to treat specifically BBB damage after a brain injury. Growing knowledge in the field of epige...
Source: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS - April 6, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Acute motor deficit and subsequent remyelination ‐associated recovery following internal capsule demyelination in mice
In this issue, we examined the effect of focal internal capsule (IC) demyelination on motor behavior in mice. We found that lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) induced demyelination at the IC resulted in acute asymmetric motor deficit, followed by subsequent remyelination ‐associated functional recovery. Our results suggest that IC demyelination is a tractable model for characterizing demyelination and remyelination through behavioral measurements, and may be used to complement future drug discovery efforts for promoting repair in inflammatory demyelinating disorde rs, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Images generated with Bio...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - April 2, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Reiji Yamazaki, Nobuhiko Ohno, Jeffrey K. Huang Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Central nervous system diseases related to pathological microglial phagocytosis
CNS Neurosci Ther. 2021 Mar 2. doi: 10.1111/cns.13619. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMicroglia are important phagocytes of the central nervous system (CNS). They play an important role in protecting the CNS by clearing necrotic tissue and apoptotic cells in many CNS diseases. However, recent studies have found that microglia can phagocytose parts of neurons excessively, such as the neuronal cell body, synapse, or myelin sheaths, before or after the onset of CNS diseases, leading to aggravated injury and impaired tissue repair. Meanwhile, reduced phagocytosis of synapses and myelin results in abnormal circuit connections an...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - March 2, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ke Wang Jiaying Li Yue Zhang Yichen Huang Di Chen Ziyu Shi Amanda D Smith Wei Li Yanqin Gao Source Type: research

Microglial/Macrophage polarization and function in brain injury and repair after stroke
CNS Neurosci Ther. 2021 Mar 1. doi: 10.1111/cns.13620. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTStroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality, with limited treatment options. After stroke injury, microglia and CNS-resident macrophages are rapidly activated and regulate neuropathological processes to steer the course of functional recovery. To accelerate this recovery, microglia can engulf dying cells and clear irreparably-damaged tissues, thereby creating a microenvironment that is more suitable for the formation of new neural circuitry. In addition, monocyte-derived macrophages cross the compromised blood-brain barrier to in...
Source: CNS Neuroscience and Therapeutics - March 2, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Junxuan Lyu Di Xie Tarun N Bhatia Rehana K Leak Xiaoming Hu Xiaoyan Jiang Source Type: research