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Specialty: Drugs & Pharmacology
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Total 59 results found since Jan 2013.

Angiogenesis and Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in Vascular Remodeling after Stroke.
Abstract Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, is a natural defense mechanism helping to restore oxygen and nutrient supply to the affected brain tissue following an ischemic stroke. By stimulating vessel growth, angiogenesis may stabilize brain perfusion thereby promoting neuronal survival, brain plasticity, and neurologic recovery. However, therapeutic angiogenesis after stroke faces challenges: new angiogenesisinduced vessels have a higher than normal permeability, and treatment to promote angiogenesis may exacerbate outcome in stroke patients. The development of therapies requires elucidation of the p...
Source: Current Neuropharmacology - July 19, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Yang Y, Torbey MT Tags: Curr Neuropharmacol Source Type: research

Cerebrovascular recovery after stroke with individual and combined losartan and captopril treatment of SHRsp.
Abstract We assessed whether the superior restoration of cerebrovascular function after hemorrhagic stroke by losartan versus captopril treatment was due to better BP, uremia, uricaemia, or aldosterone control in Kyoto Wistar stroke-prone-hypertensive rats and evaluated whether elevated angiotensin II (A2) levels enhanced the effectiveness of losartan treatment. Constriction was studied in the middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) using a pressure myograph. Post-stroke survival increased from 21 to 310 and 189days respectively with losartan and captopril treatment. Neither treatment reduced BP, both reversed uremia and ...
Source: Vascular Pharmacology - August 18, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Smeda JS, Daneshtalab N Tags: Vascul Pharmacol Source Type: research

Lumbrokinase regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress to improve neurological deficits in ischemic stroke
In this study, we aimed to clarify the neuroprotection of lumbrokinase in mice subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Lumbrokinase significantly attenuated infarct volume and improved neurological dysfunction. Lumbrokinase dramatically decreased the expressions of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane receptor protein inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1) and its downstream transcription factor, XBP-1, caspase-12, and NF-κB activity, thereby significantly inhibiting apoptosis and autophagy and decreasing the NLRP3 inflammasome. Our evidence indicates that post-stroke treatment with lumbrokinase prote...
Source: Neuropharmacology - October 12, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Yi-Hsin Wang Jiuan-Miaw Liao Ke-Min Chen Hsing-Hui Su Pei-Hsun Liu Yi-Hung Chen Yuang-Seng Tsuei Chin-Feng Tsai Shiang-Suo Huang Source Type: research

Myogenic Tone as a Therapeutic Target for Ischemic Stroke.
Abstract Ischemic stroke causes vascular paralysis and impaired autoregulation in the brain, the degree of which is dependent on the depth and duration of ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). Ischemic stroke also impairs myogenic response of middle cerebral arteries (MCA) that may be an underlying mechanism by which autoregulation is impaired. Myogenic responses are affected by I/R through several mechanisms, including production of peroxynitrite, depolymerization of F-actin in vascular smooth muscle, and circulating vasoactive factors. The vascular endothelium is also significantly affected during focal ischemia that ...
Source: Current Vascular Pharmacology - September 25, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Palomares SM, Cipolla MJ Tags: Curr Vasc Pharmacol Source Type: research

New devices for treating acute ischemic stroke.
Authors: Rosenberg N, Chen M, Prabhakaran S Abstract The past decade has witnessed an explosion of devices available for treating acute ischemic stroke. Here, we review a range of recently patented devices and the data supporting their use. These include devices to enhance thrombolysis, thrombectomy devices, stents, devices for augmenting global brain tissue perfusion, and devices that provide neuroprotection after stroke. We discuss specific design elements of these devices and directions for future research. Ultimately, individually tailored combinations of these devices will likely prove most useful in treating ...
Source: Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery - November 20, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov Source Type: research

The cerebral collateral circulation: Relevance to pathophysiology and treatment of stroke.
This article reviews the features of the brain's collateral circulation; methods for its evaluation in the acute clinical setting; the relevance of collateral circulation to prognosis in acute ischemic stroke; the specific insights into the collateral circulation learned from recent trials of endovascular intervention; and the major influence of genetic factors. Finally, we emphasize the need to develop therapeutic approaches to augment collateral perfusion as an adjunctive strategy to be employed along with, or prior to, thrombolysis and endovascular interventions, and we highlight the possible potential of inhaled nitric...
Source: Neuropharmacology - August 8, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ginsberg MD Tags: Neuropharmacology Source Type: research

Thrombolytic therapies for ischemic stroke: Triumphs and future challenges.
Abstract Acute stroke therapy has significantly evolved over the last two decades. The two main advances have been the approval of intravenous chemical thrombolysis in 1995, and the approval of intra-arterial mechanical thrombectomy in 2015. This has lead to significant improvement of functional outcomes in a disease known to be the first cause of disability worldwide. Subsequent studies have focused on identifying pre-treatment predictors of good treatment candidates, by developing biochemical and imaging biomarkers. Different doses and agents of thrombolysis are also being tested. In this review article, we expl...
Source: Neuropharmacology - March 2, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Moussaddy A, Demchuk AM, Hill MD Tags: Neuropharmacology Source Type: research

Neurogenic pulmonary edema following acute stroke: The progress and perspective.
Abstract Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) following acute stroke is an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with clinical characteristics that include acute onset, apparent pulmonary interstitial fluid infiltration and rapid resolution. The pathological process of NPE centers on sympathetic stimulation and fulminant release of catecholamines, which cause contraction of resistance vessels. Elevated systemic resistance forces fluid into pulmonary circulation, while pulmonary circulation overload induces pulmonary capillary pressure that elevates, and in turn damages the alveolar capillary barrier. Damage to th...
Source: Biomedicine and pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine and pharmacotherapie - July 29, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Zhao J, Xuan NX, Cui W, Tian BP Tags: Biomed Pharmacother Source Type: research

1H NMR-based metabonomics revealed protective effect of Naodesheng bioactive extract on ischemic stroke rats
Conclusions These results revealed that Naodesheng had protective effect on ischemic stroke rats and the underlying mechanisms involved multiple metabolic pathways, including energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammatory injury. The present study could provide evidence that metabonomics revealed its capacity to evaluate the holistic efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine and explore the underlying mechanisms. Graphical abstract
Source: Journal of Ethnopharmacology - April 17, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Xyloketal B alleviates cerebral infarction and neurologic deficits in a mouse stroke model by suppressing the ROS/TLR4/NF- κB inflammatory signaling pathway.
In conclusion, Xyl-B administered within 2 h after the onset of stroke effectively protects against focal cerebral ischemia; the underlying mechanism may be related to suppressing the ROS/TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway. PMID: 28552908 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica - May 29, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Pan N, Lu LY, Li M, Wang GH, Sun FY, Sun HS, Wen XJ, Cheng JD, Chen JW, Pang JY, Liu J, Guan YY, Zhao LY, Chen WL, Wang GL Tags: Acta Pharmacol Sin Source Type: research

Ischemic and oxidative damage to the hypothalamus may be responsible for heat stroke.
Abstract The hypothalamus may be involved in regulating homeostasis, motivation, and emotional behavior by controlling autonomic and endocrine activity. The hypothalamus communicates input from the thalamus to the pituitary gland, reticular activating substance, limbic system, and neocortex. This allows the output of pituitary hormones to respond to changes in autonomic nervous system activity. Environmental heat stress increases cutaneous blood flow and metabolism, and progressively decreases splanchnic blood flow. Severe heat exposure also decreases mean arterial pressure (MAP), increases intracranial pressure (...
Source: Current Neuropharmacology - March 1, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Chen SH, Lin MT, Chang CP Tags: Curr Neuropharmacol Source Type: research

Effect of recombinant plasminogen activator timing on thrombolysis in a novel rat embolic stroke model
Publication date: Available online 30 March 2016 Source:Pharmacological Research Author(s): Yinzhong Ma, Li Li, Ziran Niu, Junke Song, Yihuang Lin, Huifang Zhang, Guanhua Du The treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) using thrombolysis with recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator (rtPA, alteplase) is limited by its narrow time window and the risk of hemorrhage. Recombinant plasminogen activator (rPA, reteplase) has been used clinically on coronary artery thrombosis and acute myocardial infarction. It is necessary to induce strokes experimentally as a means of validating the rPA timing on patients with AIS. Howe...
Source: Pharmacological Research - March 30, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Biopharmaceutical, preclinical pharmacokinetic and pharmaco-dynamic investigations of an orally administered novel 3-nbutylphthalide prodrug for ischemic stroke treatment
Eur J Pharm Sci. 2022 Oct 19:106308. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106308. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIschemic stroke (IS) has been contributing in leading causes of disability and death worldwide and the cases are still increasing. In China, naturally sourced compound 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) is widely applied in clinical practice for IS treatment with established evidences of efficacy and safety. However, NBP is an oily liquid at room temperature and has no active brain targeting ability, quite limiting its broader application in clinical practice. Via intravenous injection (i.v.) a prodrug compound (DB1) we previously dev...
Source: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences - October 22, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Qiang Zhang Yikun Han Honglin Xiang Min Li Lan Yang Qiang Liu Yan Zhang Zhirong Zhang Qing Lin Ling Zhang Source Type: research