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Infectious Disease: Outbreaks

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Controlling an Outbreak of Multidrug-resistant < em > Acinetobacter baumannii < /em > in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: a Retrospective Analysis
CONCLUSION: The MDRAB outbreak was successfully terminated by the implementation of a comprehensive infection-control strategy focused on the promotion of hand hygiene, universal contact precautions, and environmental management through multidisciplinary teamwork.PMID:34845873 | DOI:10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e307
Source: Journal of Korean Medical Science - November 30, 2021 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Joung-Hee Byun Su Eun Park Minhae Seo Jeungmi Jang Mi Sun Hwang Ju Yeoun Song Chulhun L Chang Young A Kim Source Type: research

Importance of and Approach to Taking a History of Exposures to Occupational Respiratory Hazards
Semin Respir Crit Care Med DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1766120Occupational respiratory diseases are caused by exposure to respiratory hazards at work. It is important to document those exposures and whether they are causing or exacerbating disease because these determinations can have important impacts on diagnosis, treatment, job restrictions, and eligibility for benefits. Without investigation, it is easy to miss clinically relevant exposures, especially in those with chronic diseases that can have work and nonwork causes. The first and most important step in identifying exposures to respiratory hazards at work is to take an app...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - April 4, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Weissman, David N. Radonovich, Lewis J. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

The effect of a large Legionnaires' disease outbreak in Southwest Edinburgh on acute and critical care services
Conclusions: A significant proportion of patients required prolonged multiple organ support or complex ventilation. Case fatality compared favourably to other recent outbreaks in Europe. Access to rapid diagnostic tests and prompt antibiotic therapy may have mitigated the impact of pre-existing poor health among those affected.
Source: QJM - November 25, 2013 Category: Internal Medicine Authors: Irons, J. F., Dunn, M. J. G., Kefala, K., Thorn, S., Lakha, F., Caesar, D., Cameron, D. D., McCormick, D., McCallum, A., Helgason, K. O., Laurenson, I. F., Paterson, R. L., Greening, A., Fried, M., Hill, A. T., Hanson, M., Gillies, M. A. Tags: Original papers Source Type: research

Ethical and practical considerations in providing critical care to patients with Ebola virus disease.
Abstract Abstract: Infectious disease epidemics in the past have given rise to psychological and emotional responses among health care workers stemming from fear of infection during patient care. Early experiences in the AIDS epidemic provide an example where fear of contagion resulted in differential treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. However, with a deeper understanding of AIDS pathogenesis and treatment, fear and discrimination diminished. Parallels exist between early experiences with AIDS and the present outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa particularly in regar...
Source: Chest - March 12, 2015 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Torabi-Parizi P, Davey RT, Suffredini AF, Chertow DS Tags: Chest Source Type: research

An Epidemiological Investigation of a Nosocomial Outbreak of Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a Critical Care Center in Japan, 2011-2012.
Abstract In 2011, a multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB) outbreak occurred at a critical care center (CCC) in a tertiary hospital in Japan. Multidrug-resistance is defined as resistance to amikacin, carbapenem, and fluoroquinolone. We conducted an epidemiological investigation of this outbreak to identify risk factors for MDRAB respiratory tract acquisition in this hospital. A case was defined as a hospitalized patient whose culture was MDRAB positive at least 3 days after admission to the CCC between June 1, 2011 and April 20, 2012. Fifteen MDRAB cases were identified, including three with infectio...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - June 12, 2015 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ushizawa H, Yahata Y, Endo T, Iwashima T, Misawa M, Sonobe M, Yamagishi T, Kamiya H, Nakashima K, Matsui T, Matsui M, Suzuki S, Shibayama K, Doi M, Irie F, Yamato S, Otomo Y, Oishi K Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: research

A Epidemiological Investigation of a Nosocomial Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a Critical Care Center in Japan, 2011-2012.
Abstract Volume 69, no. 2, p. 143-148, 2016. Page 143, Title should appear as shown below.An Epidemiological Investigation of a Nosocomial Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a Critical Care Center in Japan, 2011-2012. PMID: 27452226 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - July 29, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ushizawa H, Yahata Y, Endo T, Iwashima T, Misawa M, Sonobe M, Yamagishi T, Kamiya H, Nakashima K, Matsui T, Matsui M, Suzuki S, Shibayama K, Doi M, Irie F, Yamato S, Otomo Y, Oishi K Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: research

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Virus Pathogenesis
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 37: 572-577 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584796Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped RNA viruses that infect birds, mammals, and humans. Infections caused by human coronaviruses (hCoVs) are mostly associated with the respiratory, enteric, and nervous systems. The hCoVs only occasionally induce lower respiratory tract disease, including bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. In 2002 to 2003, a global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was the seminal detection of a novel CoV (SARS-CoV). A decade later (June 2012), another novel CoV was implicated as the cause of Middle East respira...
Source: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine - August 2, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Singh, Sunit K. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

A Epidemiological Investigation of a Nosocomial Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a Critical Care Center in Japan, 2011-2012.
Abstract In 2011, a multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB) outbreak occurred at a Japanese critical care center (CCC) in a tertiary care hospital. Multidrug-resistance in Japan is defined as resistance to the antimicrobials amikacin, carbapenem, and fluoroquinolone. We conducted a retrospective epidemiological investigation of this outbreak to identify the risk factors for MDRAB respiratory tract acquisition in this hospital. Cases were defined as hospitalized patients with MDRAB-positive cultures at least 3 days post admission to the CCC between June 1, 2011 and April 20, 2012. Fifteen MDRAB cases we...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - December 15, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Ushizawa H, Yahata Y, Endo T, Iwashima T, Misawa M, Sonobe M, Yamagishi T, Kamiya H, Nakashima K, Matsui T, Matsui M, Suzuki S, Shibayama K, Doi M, Irie F, Yamato S, Otomo Y, Oishi K Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: research

Infection-Control Teams Sent to New Jersey Pediatric Centers
TRENTON, N.J. (AP) — New Jersey health officials said Monday they are sending infection-control teams to four long-term pediatric centers and a hospital to assist with training amid viral and bacterial outbreaks that have left 10 people dead. The teams will assess infection prevention practices and deploy beginning in November, according to Health Commissioner Dr. Shereef Elnahal. The response comes amid a fatal adenovirus outbreak at the Wanaque Center for Nursing and Rehabilitation that left 9 people dead, most under age 18. In addition, a premature baby died following the discovery of a bacterial infection at Newark's...
Source: JEMS Patient Care - November 1, 2018 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Patient Care News Source Type: news

Special Collection: Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): evidence relevant to critical care
The 2019 Coronavirus outbreak was declared a global Public Health Emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 30th January 2020. The WHO is now working closely with global experts, governments and partners to rapidly expand scientific knowledge on this new virus, to track the spread and virulence of the virus, and to provide advice to countries and individuals on measures to protect health and prevent the spread of this outbreak. Today Cochrane has released a Special Collection: Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): evidence relevant to critical care This Cochrane Library Special Collection pulls together the Cochrane Review...
Source: Cochrane News and Events - February 11, 2020 Category: Information Technology Authors: Katie Abbotts Source Type: news

COVID-19 Webcast Series
Discussion on COVID-19. (Video or Multimedia)
Source: Disaster Lit: Resource Guide for Disaster Medicine and Public Health - March 1, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Source Type: news

Practical recommendations for critical care and anesthesiology teams caring for novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) patients
AbstractA global health emergency has been declared by the World Health Organization as the 2019-nCoV outbreak spreads across the world, with confirmed patients in Canada. Patients infected with 2019-nCoV are at risk for developing respiratory failure and requiring admission to critical care units. While providing optimal treatment for these patients, careful execution of infection control measures is necessary to prevent nosocomial transmission to other patients and to healthcare workers providing care. Although the exact mechanisms of transmission are currently unclear, human-to-human transmission can occur, and the risk...
Source: Canadian Journal of Anesthesia - April 20, 2020 Category: Anesthesiology Source Type: research

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of critically ill patients with novel coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) in China: a retrospective multicenter study
ConclusionIn this case series of critically ill patients with COVID-19 who were admitted into the ICU, more than half patients died at day 28. The higher percentage of organ failure in these patients indicated a significant demand for critical care resources.
Source: Intensive Care Medicine - August 19, 2020 Category: Intensive Care Source Type: research