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Infectious Disease: Gastroenteritis

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Total 46825 results found since Jan 2013.

Culture-proven Bloodstream Infections at a Specialist Pediatric Hospital
Conclusions: The majority of BSI episodes managed in our hospital were either community-onset HCA or hospital-onset infections. This highlights the considerable importance of infection control and central venous catheter device care initiatives. Among community-associated BSI, S. aureus in association with osteoarticular infection was predominant.
Source: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal - May 13, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: Original Studies Source Type: research

Etiology of Pediatric Meningitis in West Africa Using Molecular Methods in the Era of Conjugate Vaccines against Pneumococcus, Meningococcus, and Haemophilus influenzae Type b.
is Surveillance Network In West Africa Abstract Despite the implementation of effective conjugate vaccines against the three main bacterial pathogens that cause meningitis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A, the burden of meningitis in West Africa remains high. The relative importance of other bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens in central nervous system infections is poorly characterized. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were collected from children younger than 5 years with suspected meningitis presenting at pediatric teaching hospitals...
Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - May 25, 2020 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Kwambana-Adams BA, Liu J, Okoi C, Mwenda JM, Mohammed NI, Tsolenyanu E, Renner LA, Ansong D, Tagbo BN, Bashir MF, Hama MK, Sonko MA, Gratz J, Worwui A, Ndow P, Cohen AL, Serhan F, Mihigo R, Antonio M, Houpt E, On Behalf Of The Paediatric Bacterial Meningi Tags: Am J Trop Med Hyg Source Type: research

Beneficial Effects of Vasopressin Compared With Norepinephrine on Renal Perfusion, Oxygenation, and Function in Experimental Septic Acute Kidney Injury
Conclusions: In ovine septic acute kidney injury, restoration of mean arterial pressure with vasopressin induced a more sustained improvement in renal function than norepinephrine, without exacerbating renal medullary ischemia and hypoxia or reducing mesenteric blood flow below baseline values.
Source: Critical Care Medicine - September 12, 2020 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Online Laboratory Investigation Source Type: research

The Year When Everything Changed: Covid, Self Care and High Tech Innovation In Medicine
By HANS DUVEFELT Life as we knew it and medicine as we had viewed it shapeshifted so dramatically in the past year that it is still hard to believe. Medicine has started to move from an in-person only profession to one that finally recognizes that clinical assessment and treatment have fewer boundaries than people assumed. A patient of mine with newly diagnosed mastocytosis had a productive first consultation with an immunologist hundreds of miles away right from her own living room. Efficiency increased when we could handle straightforward clinical issues electronically, even over the telephone, and still get...
Source: The Health Care Blog - December 14, 2020 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Christina Liu Tags: COVID-19 Medical Practice Hans Duvefelt Source Type: blogs

Reversal of the Pathophysiological Responses to Gram-Negative Sepsis by Megadose Vitamin C
Objectives: Oxidative stress appears to initiate organ failure in sepsis, justifying treatment with antioxidants such as vitamin C at megadoses. We have therefore investigated the safety and efficacy of megadose sodium ascorbate in sepsis. Design: Interventional study. Setting: Research Institute. Subjects: Adult Merino ewes. Interventions: Sheep were instrumented with pulmonary and renal artery flow-probes, and laser-Doppler and oxygen-sensing probes in the kidney. Conscious sheep received an infusion of live Escherichia coli for 31 hours. At 23.5 hours of sepsis, sheep received fluid resus...
Source: Critical Care Medicine - January 16, 2021 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Online Laboratory Investigation Source Type: research

Reversal of the Pathophysiological Responses to Gram-Negative Sepsis by Megadose Vitamin C, Critical care medicine 49(2): e179-e190
Objectives: Oxidative stress appears to initiate organ failure in sepsis, justifying treatment with antioxidants such as vitamin C at megadoses. We have therefore investigated the safety and efficacy of megadose sodium ascorbate in sepsis.; Design: Interventional study.; Setting: Research Institute.; Subjects: Adult Merino ewes.; Interventions: Sheep were instrumented with pulmonary and renal artery flow-probes, and laser-Doppler and oxygen-sensing probes in the kidney. Conscious sheep received an infusion of live Escherichia coli for 31 hours. At 23.5 hours of sepsis, sheep received fluid resuscitation (30 mL/kg, Hartmann...
Source: Current Awareness Service for Health (CASH) - February 11, 2021 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

Efficacy of Fecal Calprotectin Combined With Stool Hemoglobin in Differentiating Bacterial Origin in Acute Gastroenteritis
Conclusions The combination of stool hemoglobin and fecal calprotectin may be a useful marker for detecting bacterial etiology in pediatric AGE.
Source: Pediatric Emergency Care - February 1, 2022 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Original Research Article Source Type: research

Derivation of the Pediatric Acute Gastroenteritis Risk Score to Predict Moderate-to-Severe Acute Gastroenteritis
Conclusions: After external validation, this new risk score may provide clinicians with accurate prognostic insight into the likely disease course of children with AGE, informing disposition decisions, anticipatory guidance, and follow-up care.
Source: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - April 1, 2022 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Original Articles: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Randomized, direct comparison study of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 versus multi-strained Bacillus clausii probiotics for the treatment of pediatric acute gastroenteritis
Conclusion: In this study, S boulardii CNCM I-745 demonstrated better efficacy than B clausii mix for reducing the duration of pediatric acute diarrhea.
Source: Medicine - September 9, 2022 Category: Internal Medicine Tags: Research Article: Clinical Trial/Experimental Study Source Type: research

Eculizumab in STEC-HUS: a paradigm shift in the management of pediatric patients with neurological involvement
ConclusionWe present a case series of four children with STEC-HUS and CNS involvement, managed with eculizumab only, in lieu of plasma exchange (as per our previous policy). The marked improvement in symptoms in our cohort supports the use of eculizumab, rather than plasma exchange in the CNS involvement of STEC-HUS.
Source: Pediatric Nephrology - July 25, 2023 Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research

Medical Emergencies in Pulmonary Hypertension
Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2023 Aug 18. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1770120. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe management of acute medical emergencies in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) can be challenging. Patients with preexisting PH can rapidly deteriorate due to right ventricular decompensation when faced with acute physiological challenges that would usually be considered low-risk scenarios. This review considers the assessment and management of acute medical emergencies in patients with PH, encompassing both pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), acknowledgi...
Source: Respiratory Care - August 18, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Samuel Seitler Konstantinos Dimopoulos Sabine Ernst Laura C Price Source Type: research

Emergency Department Treatment of Children With Diarrhea Who Attend Day Care: A Randomized Multidose Trial of a Lactobacillus helveticus and Lactobacillus rhamnosus Combination Probiotic
Conclusions. The probiotic evaluated did not reduce absenteeism. Since power was suboptimal, further evaluation is required.
Source: Clinical Pediatrics - September 9, 2015 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Freedman, S. B., Sherman, P. M., Willan, A., Johnson, D., Gouin, S., Schuh, S., on behalf of Pediatric Emergency Research Canada (PERC) Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Characterization of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli of clinical origin from the pediatric population in Pakistan
Conclusions Non-typeable EPEC strains were frequently observed. ESBL production in ESBL producers was found to be plasmid mediated. No significant association of antibiotic resistance profile with specific phylogroup of EPEC was found, however G. mellonella infection model differentiated representative phylotypes.
Source: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene - August 4, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Younas, M., Siddiqui, F., Noreen, Z., Bokhari, S. S., Gomez-Duarte, O. G., Wren, B. W., Bokhari, H. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Usefulness of end-tidal carbon dioxide as an indicator of dehydration in pediatric emergency departments: A retrospective observational study
Abstract: Physician assessment of hydration status is one of the most important factors in the management of dehydration in the pediatric emergency department (ED). Overestimating dehydration may lead to overtreatment with intravenous fluids or unnecessary hospitalization, whereas underestimation may lead to delayed therapy and aggravation of symptoms. Various methods to estimate hydration status have been proposed, including use of physical findings, body weight, and laboratory results. These methods are subjective, invasive, or inappropriate for application in the ED. A few studies have investigated the use of end-tidal ...
Source: Medicine - September 1, 2017 Category: Internal Medicine Tags: Research Article: Observational Study Source Type: research