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Infectious Disease: Epidemics

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Total 24907 results found since Jan 2013.

Perioperative Opioid-Sparing Strategies: Utility of Conventional NSAIDs in Adults.
Abstract PURPOSE: Opioids have long been used to treat acute postsurgical and postprocedural pain; however, opioid-related adverse events (AEs) contribute to poor patient outcomes. In addition, perisurgical exposure to opioids can potentially increase the risk for opioid-use disorder. NSAIDs reduce pain and inflammation by a mechanism different from that of opioid analgesics and may be useful in reducing the need for opioid drugs as part of a multimodal analgesia strategy. We conducted this review to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of adjunctive conventional NSAIDs given systemically in the perioperative...
Source: Clinical Therapeutics - November 12, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Martinez L, Ekman E, Nakhla N Tags: Clin Ther Source Type: research

Osteopathic manipulative treatment and the Spanish flu: a historical literature review.
Conclusion: Conclusions from this study are limited by the historical and descriptive nature of the data gathered, which lacked the rigor of modern-day scientific studies. However, this review could lead to future research inquiries on the effectiveness of these approaches. Osteopathic physicians and osteopaths should embrace their historical osteopathic heritage by continuing the work of our predecessors and combining their hands-on experience and osteopathic principles with modern medical treatment and rigorous scientific standards. PMID: 33567081 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Journal of the American Osteopathic Association - February 12, 2021 Category: Complementary Medicine Tags: J Am Osteopath Assoc Source Type: research

New Books Party: books received this week | @GrrlScientist
This week, I tell you about a treasure trove of excellent science books, including books about evolution, pterosaurs, birds, human sexuality, HIV/AIDS and chemistry.Below the jump, I mention the books that I received recently in the mail as gifts or as review copies, or that I purchased somewhere. These are the books that I may review in more depth later, either here or in print somewhere in the world. When I get new books, I like to share them with people. Unfortunately, you are all so far away, so I cannot host a book party in my crib where you can look then over, so I'll do the next best thing. I'll host a book party on...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - July 5, 2013 Category: Science Authors: GrrlScientist Tags: Blogposts guardian.co.uk Science Source Type: news

Wikipedia May Predict The Next Global Health Crisis
Scientists may one day be able to predict epidemics simply by analyzing what people are searching on the Internet. Researchers at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico found that a surge in Wikipedia traffic for certain disease-related articles predicted the large-scale spread of illnesses in several world locations, sometimes as long as 28 days before official spikes were recorded. The findings were published online Thursday in PLOS Computational Biology. Unlike Google flu trends, which uses search data to reflect where outbreaks are happening, the Wikipedia analysis can predict an outbreak. Nicholas Generou...
Source: Healthy Living - The Huffington Post - November 17, 2014 Category: Consumer Health News Source Type: news

Evaluation of dengue fever reports during an epidemic, Colombia
CONCLUSIONS Low concordance was observed between reporting and the review of clinical histories, which was associated with the low reporting of dengue fever compatible cases, especially milder cases. OBJETIVO Evaluar la validez de la notificación de casos de dengue y su correspondencia con las definiciones de caso y de gravedad. MÉTODOS Evaluación de prueba diagnóstica con muestreo transversal a partir de un universo de 13.873 pacientes atendidos durante quinto periodo epidemiológico en instituciones de salud de 11 departamentos de Colombia, en 2013. La prueba en evaluación fue la notificación al Sistema Nacional d...
Source: Revista de Saude Publica - January 17, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: research

Ebola disease: an international public health emergency
In conclusion, the 2014 epidemic of EVD has shown to the world that in absence of a strong public health care delivery system even a rare disease can risk the lives of millions of people. The crux of this epidemic is that a large scale and coordinated international response is the need of the hour to support affected and at-risk nations in intensifying their response activities and strengthening of national capacities.
Source: Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease - February 21, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Source Type: research

®: ready for real-time suicide prevention or just a Zeta-Jones effect? An exploratory study
Two studies have shown that increasing the consultation of the word “suicide” in the Google search engine was associated with a subsequent increase in the prevalence of suicide attempts. The main goal of this article was to explore the trends generated by a key-word search associated with suicide, depression and bipolarity in an attempt to identify general trends (disorders epidemics in the population/ “real events” vs newsworthy advertisement/ “media event”). Based on previous studies, the frequency of the search words “how to suicide” and “commit suicide” were analyzed for suicide, as well as “depre...
Source: Psychiatry Research - April 28, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Guillaume Fond, Alexandru Gaman, Lore Brunel, Emmanuel Haffen, Pierre-Michel Llorca Source Type: research

Google Trends: Ready for real-time suicide prevention or just a Zeta-Jones effect? An exploratory study
Two studies have shown that increasing the consultation of the word “suicide” in the Google search engine was associated with a subsequent increase in the prevalence of suicide attempts. The main goal of this article was to explore the trends generated by a key-word search associated with suicide, depression and bipolarity in an attempt to identify general trends (disorders epidemics in the population/“real events” vs newsworthy advertisement/“media event”). Based on previous studies, the frequency of the search words “how to suicide” and “commit suicide” were analyzed for suicide, as well as “depress...
Source: Psychiatry Research - April 28, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Guillaume Fond, Alexandru Gaman, Lore Brunel, Emmanuel Haffen, Pierre-Michel Llorca Source Type: research

A systematic review of the clinical and social epidemiological research among sex workers in Uganda
Conclusions: There was limited information on socio-structural factors that affect sex workers’ commercial working environments in Uganda, including the role of policing and criminalization, as well as the prevalence and factors associated with violence. The majority of the existing evidence is based in Kampala, highlighting a need for information on sex work in other regions of Uganda. Additionally, there is limited information on features of the non-commercial components of sex workers’ lives as well as the services needed to reduce risks outside of the sex industry.
Source: BMC Public Health - December 9, 2015 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Katherine Muldoon Source Type: research

Impact of sugars and sugar taxation on body weight control: A comprehensive literature review.
CONCLUSIONS: The majority of SRs, especially the most recent ones, with the highest quality and without any disclosed conflict of interest, suggested that the consumption of SSBs is a risk factor for obesity. The effect of fructose-containing caloric sweeteners, on weight gain is mediated by overconsumption of beverages with these sweeteners, leading to an extra provision of energy intake. The tax tool alone on added sugars appears insufficient to curb the obesity epidemic, but it needs to be included in a multicomponent structural strategy. PMID: 27273733 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Obesity - June 5, 2016 Category: Eating Disorders and Weight Management Authors: Bes-Rastrollo M, Sayon-Orea C, Ruiz-Canela M, Martinez-Gonzalez MA Tags: Obesity (Silver Spring) Source Type: research

Medicinal plants used for management of malaria among the Luhya community of Kakamega East sub-County, Kenya
Conclusion Most of the reported plant species in this study have been investigated for antiplasmodial activity and are in agreement with the ethnomedical use. Two (2) plants are reported for the first time in the management of malaria. There is need for documentation and preservation of the rich ethnomedical knowledge within this community given that most of the practitioners are advanced in age and less educated. There is also the danger of over-exploitation of plant species as most of them are obtained from the wild, mainly Kakamega forest. Therefore, there is need for determining the economically and medicinally importa...
Source: Journal of Ethnopharmacology - September 12, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Prescriber Education Campaign on Opioids Launched
We have been hearing for years about the opioid crisis our country is facing, a crisis that was partially brought about by abuse of prescription pain relievers. From Congressional investigations, to Executive branch actions, to a letter from the Surgeon General, many of our country’s leaders are concerned about the epidemic and are constantly trying to craft solutions. The Partnership for Drug-Free Kids, an organization committed to helping families struggling with their son or daughter’s substance abuse, created the “Search and Rescue” campaign, a prescriber education campaign developed with support from the Food...
Source: Policy and Medicine - September 28, 2016 Category: American Health Authors: Thomas Sullivan - Policy & Medicine Writing Staff Source Type: blogs

Prevalence of latent TB infection and TB disease among adolescents in high TB burden countries in Africa: a systematic review protocol
Introduction Almost a third of the world population has latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI), ~10 million of whom develop TB disease annually, despite existence of effective, but lengthy, preventive and curative drug regimens. Although adolescents appear to have a very high force of LTBI, their reported incidence of TB disease is less than that of their corresponding general population. The few available studies on adolescent TB infection and disease prevalence are not sufficient to address the apparent discordance between rates of infection and disease in high TB burden countries in Africa. Therefore, we aim to perfo...
Source: BMJ Open - March 9, 2017 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Bunyasi, E. W., Schmidt, B.-M., Abdullahi, L. H., Mulenga, H., Tameris, M., Luabeya, A., Shenje, J., Scriba, T., Geldenhuys, H., Wood, R., Hatherill, M. Tags: Open access, Epidemiology, Evidence based practice, Global health, Infectious diseases, Public health, Research methods Protocol Source Type: research

Pre-admission antibiotics for suspected cases of meningococcal disease.
CONCLUSIONS: We found no reliable evidence to support the use pre-admission antibiotics for suspected cases of non-severe meningococcal disease. Moderate-quality evidence from one RCT indicated that single intramuscular injections of ceftriaxone and long-acting chloramphenicol were equally effective, safe, and economical in reducing serious outcomes. The choice between these antibiotics should be based on affordability, availability, and patterns of antibiotic resistance.Further RCTs comparing different pre-admission antibiotics, accompanied by intensive supportive measures, are ethically justified in people with less seve...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - June 14, 2017 Category: General Medicine Authors: Sudarsanam TD, Rupali P, Tharyan P, Abraham OC, Thomas K Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Identifying Potential Norovirus Epidemics in China via Internet Surveillance
Conclusions: Although there are limitations with early warning and unavoidable biases, Internet surveillance may be still useful for the monitoring of norovirus epidemics when a monitoring system is unavailable.
Source: Journal of Medical Internet Research - August 8, 2017 Category: General Medicine Authors: Kui Liu Sichao Huang Zi-Ping Miao Bin Chen Tao Jiang Gaofeng Cai Zhenggang Jiang Yongdi Chen Zhengting Wang Hua Gu Chengliang Chai Jianmin Jiang Source Type: research