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The Application of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease, Ischemic Stroke, and Dementia: A Systematic Review
Conclusions: Changes in retinal microvasculature identified using OCTA are associated with monogenic SVD and different stages of AD, but data are limited and partly confounded by methodological differences. Larger studies with risk factors adjustment and more consistent OCTA methods are needed to fully exploit this technology.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020166929.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - September 9, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Structural and Microvascular Changes in the Macular Are Associated With Severity of White Matter Lesions
Conclusions: Microvascular impairment and neuro-axonal damage are associated with the disease cascade in WMH. We have shown that RPC and DCP densities are significantly affected, and these impairments are associated with the severity of the disease and cognitive function. OCT-A could be a useful tool in quantifying the retinal capillary densities in WMH.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - June 29, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Prediction for the Total MRI Burden of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease With Retinal Microvascular Abnormalities in Ischemic Stroke/TIA Patients
Conclusions: These results suggest that retinal microvascular abnormalities have predictive value for severe total cSVD burden in ischemic stroke/TIA patients.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 15, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Relation of Retinal Oxygen Measures to Electrophysiology and Survival Indicators after Permanent, Incomplete Ischemia in Rats
AbstractStudies in experimental ischemia models by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) have reported reduced retinal electrophysiological function, coupled with inner retinal degeneration and gliosis. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that long-term (up to 14  days) BCCAO impairs oxygen delivery (DO2), which affects oxygen metabolism (MO2) and extraction fraction (OEF), electrophysiological function, morphology, and biochemical pathways. Twenty-one rats underwent BCCAO (N = 12) or sham surgery (N = 9) and were evaluated in separate groups after 3, 7, or 14 days. Electroretinog...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 23, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Potential Mechanism of Venous System for Leukoaraiosis: From post-mortem to in vivo Research.
Abstract BACKGROUND: Leukoaraiosis (LA), widely accepted as a feature of cerebral small vessel disease, significantly increases the incidence of stroke, dementia, and death. Cerebral small artery disease has been considered as one of the main causes of LA. However, since the term "venous collagenosis" (VC) was proposed in an atrophy research in 1995, there have been pathological and neuroimaging studies proving the association between the venous system and LA in aging, Alz-heimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease. SUMMARY: Autopsy studies confirmed that thickening of the lumen wall in venules, which res...
Source: Neuro-Degenerative Diseases - February 10, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Nan D, Cheng Y, Feng L, Zhao M, Ma D, Feng J Tags: Neurodegener Dis Source Type: research

Retinal vessel changes in cerebrovascular disease
Purpose of review The retina is growingly recognized as a window into cerebrovascular and systemic vascular conditions. The utility of noninvasive retinal vessel biomarkers in cerebrovascular risk assessment has expanded due to advances in retinal imaging techniques and machine learning-based digital analysis. The purpose of this review is to underscore the latest evidence linking retinal vascular abnormalities with stroke and vascular-related cognitive disorders; to highlight modern developments in retinal vascular imaging modalities and software-based vasculopathy quantification. Recent findings Longitudinal studies...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - January 17, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY: Edited by Heather E. Moss Source Type: research

Prevalence of Retinal Emboli and Acute Retinal Artery Occlusion in Acute Ischemic Stroke
In population-based studies asymptomatic retinal emboli occur in .32%-2.9% of people. Retinal artery occlusion (RAO) may occur concurrently with cerebral stroke but the frequency is unknown. No study has examined how commonly retinal emboli occur in the acute stroke population. We aimed to assess the prevalence of retinal emboli and RAO at the time of carotid territory ischemic stroke.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - December 15, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Robert A. Egan, Helmi L. Lutsep Source Type: research

Serum Retinoic Acid Level and The Risk of Poststroke Cognitive Impairment in Ischemic Stroke Patients
This study aimed to detect the association between RA level and PSCI among patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke. Methods: Two hundred and 61 consecutive patients were prospectively recruited during March 2018 and March 2019.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - September 5, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Le Hou, Caixia Ding, Zhao Chen, Yuanyue Liu, Haishan Shi, Cong Zou, Hui Zhang, Zhiwei Lu, Dong Zheng Source Type: research

Neurological complications associated with dengue virus infection.
CONCLUSIONS: The spectrum of neurological complications from dengue virus is broad. There are no reliable data on its real incidence because most of the studies published to date are isolated series or cases. PMID: 31310001 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Revista de Neurologia - July 18, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Carod-Artal FJ Tags: Rev Neurol Source Type: research

No Alteration of Optical Coherence Tomography and Multifocal Visual Evoked Potentials in Eyes With Symptomatic Carotid Artery Disease
Conclusion In conclusion, our study revealed no evidence for an impact of symptomatic carotid artery disease on retinal structure or functional impairment of the visual pathway.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - July 9, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Reduction of Leukocyte Microvascular Adherence and Preservation of Blood-Brain Barrier Function by Superoxide-Lowering Therapies in a Piglet Model of Neonatal Asphyxia
Conclusion: Using three different strategies to either prevent formation or enhance elimination of O2⋅_ during the post-asphyxial period, we saw both reduced leukocyte adherence and preserved BBB function with treatment. These findings suggest that agents which lower O2⋅_ in brain may be attractive new therapeutic interventions for the protection of the neonatal brain following asphyxia. Introduction Asphyxia is a relatively common source of neonatal brain damage (1), affecting ~2 in every 1,000 births (2). The hypoxic ischemia resulting from this oxygen deprivation can produ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 30, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neurological Involvement in Primary Systemic Vasculitis
Conclusion Neurological involvement is a common complication of PSV (Table 1), and neurologists play an important role in the identification and diagnosis of PSV patients with otherwise unexplained neurological symptoms as their chief complaint. This article summarizes the neurological manifestations of PSV and hopes to improve neuroscientists' understanding of this broad range of diseases. TABLE 1 Table 1. Common CNS and PNS involvements of primary systemic vasculitis. Author Contributions SZ conceived the article and wrote the manuscript. DY and GT reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 25, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A Novel Homozygous Non-sense Mutation in the Catalytic Domain of MTHFR Causes Severe 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Deficiency
Conclusion: We identified a novel non-sense mutation in MTHFR gene in a single Egyptian family with severe MTHFR deficiency. The present investigation is clinically important, as it adds to the growing list of MTHFR mutations, which might help in genetic counseling of families of affected children and proper genotype-phenotype correlation. Background Severe 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR; OMIM 236250) deficiency is a rare inborn error of metabolism and inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion. It is a very common disorder of folate metabolism and is clinically characterized with low plasma methion...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Age Is a Greater Influence on Small Saccades Than Target Size in Normal Subjects on the Horizontal Video Head Impulse Test
Conclusion: While this study suggests that target size may have a statistically significant impact on the vHIT saccade profile of normal subjects, age has a greater influence on the incidence and size of small vHIT saccades. Introduction The video head impulse test (vHIT) is a quantitative adaptation of the clinical head impulse test (1), and enables functional assessment of the high-frequency angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) in all three planes of head rotation (2, 3). Lightweight goggles worn by the subject detect head movement using an accelerometer and gyroscope, and a high frame rate video camera tracks eye...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 15, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Light-Induced Pupillary Responses in Alzheimer's Disease
Light-Induced Pupillary Responses in Alzheimer's Disease Pratik S. Chougule1, Raymond P. Najjar1,2, Maxwell T. Finkelstein1, Nagaendran Kandiah3,4 and Dan Milea1,2,5* 1Department of Visual Neurosciences, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore 2The Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences ACP, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore 3Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore 4Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore 5Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore The impact of Alzhe...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 11, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

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