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Total 134 results found since Jan 2013.

News at a glance: A win for obesity drugs, NIH unionization roadblocks, and Mexican fireflies under threat
CONSERVATION Researchers raise alarm over threat to Mexican fireflies Scientists from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) last week delivered a letter to the Mexican government requesting it regulate tourism centered on the threatened firefly species Photinus palaciosi . Endemic to Mexico’s Tlaxcala forests, P. palaciosi is one of the few species that glow in synchrony, offering an annual spectacle that attracts thousands of visitors during summer mating season. The letter describes how littering, artificial light, and noise interfere with the insects’ courtship and eg...
Source: ScienceNOW - August 10, 2023 Category: Science Source Type: news

The NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor MLN4924 reduces ischemic brain injury in mice Neuroscience
Blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and inflammation occurring at the BBB have a key, mainly a deleterious role in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. Neddylation is a ubiquitylation-like pathway that is critical in various cellular functions by conjugating neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 8 (NEDD8) to target proteins. However, the...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - January 31, 2022 Category: Science Authors: Huilin Yu, Haiyu Luo, Luping Chang, Shisheng Wang, Xue Geng, Lijing Kang, Yi Zhong, Yongliang Cao, Ranran Wang, Xing Yang, Yuanbo Zhu, Mei-Juan Shi, Yue Hu, Zhongwang Liu, Xuhui Yin, Yunwei Ran, Hao Yang, Wenying Fan, Bing-Qiao Zhao Tags: Neuroscience Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Agonistic analog of growth hormone-releasing hormone promotes neurofunctional recovery and neural regeneration in ischemic stroke Neuroscience
Ischemic stroke can induce neurogenesis. However, most stroke-generated newborn neurons cannot survive. It has been shown that MR-409, a potent synthetic agonistic analog of growth hormone–releasing hormone (GHRH), can protect against some life-threatening pathological conditions by promoting cell proliferation and survival. The present study shows that long-term treatment with MR-409...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - November 15, 2021 Category: Science Authors: Yueyang Liu, Jingyu Yang, Xiaohang Che, Jianhua Huang, Xianyang Zhang, Xiaoxiao Fu, Jialing Cai, Yang Yao, Haotian Zhang, Ruiping Cai, Xiaomin Su, Qian Xu, Fu Ren, Renzhi Cai, Andrew V. Schally, Ming-Sheng Zhou Tags: Neuroscience Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Critical Period After Stroke Study (CPASS): A phase II clinical trial testing an optimal time for motor recovery after stroke in humans Neuroscience
Restoration of human brain function after injury is a signal challenge for translational neuroscience. Rodent stroke recovery studies identify an optimal or sensitive period for intensive motor training after stroke: near-full recovery is attained if task-specific motor training occurs during this sensitive window. We extended these findings to adult humans...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - September 20, 2021 Category: Science Authors: Alexander W. Dromerick, Shashwati Geed, Jessica Barth, Kathaleen Brady, Margot L. Giannetti, Abigail Mitchell, Matthew A. Edwardson, Ming T. Tan, Yizhao Zhou, Elissa L. Newport, Dorothy F. Edwards Tags: Neuroscience Biological Sciences Source Type: research

An outer-pore gate modulates the pharmacology of the TMEM16A channel Pharmacology
TMEM16A Ca2+-activated chloride channels are involved in multiple cellular functions and are proposed targets for diseases such as hypertension, stroke, and cystic fibrosis. This therapeutic endeavor, however, suffers from paucity of selective and potent modulators. Here, exploiting a synthetic small molecule with a biphasic effect on the TMEM16A channel, anthracene-9-carboxylic...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - August 19, 2021 Category: Science Authors: Ria L. Dinsdale, Tanadet Pipatpolkai, Emilio Agostinelli, Angela J. Russell, Phillip J. Stansfeld, Paolo Tammaro Tags: Pharmacology Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Ras-like Gem GTPase induced by Npas4 promotes activity-dependent neuronal tolerance for ischemic stroke Neuroscience
Ischemic stroke, which results in loss of neurological function, initiates a complex cascade of pathological events in the brain, largely driven by excitotoxic Ca2+ influx in neurons. This leads to cortical spreading depolarization, which induces expression of genes involved in both neuronal death and survival; yet, the functions of these...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - August 4, 2021 Category: Science Authors: Hiroo Takahashi, Ryo Asahina, Masayuki Fujioka, Takeshi K. Matsui, Shigeki Kato, Eiichiro Mori, Hiroyuki Hioki, Tohru Yamamoto, Kazuto Kobayashi, Akio Tsuboi Tags: Neuroscience Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Serial sarcomere number is substantially decreased within the paretic biceps brachii in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke Applied Biological Sciences
A muscle’s structure, or architecture, is indicative of its function and is plastic; changes in input to or use of the muscle alter its architecture. Stroke-induced neural deficits substantially alter both input to and usage of individual muscles. We combined in vivo imaging methods (second-harmonic generation microendoscopy, extended field-of-view ultrasound,...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - June 25, 2021 Category: Science Authors: Amy N. Adkins, Julius P. A. Dewald, Lindsay P. Garmirian, Christa M. Nelson, Wendy M. Murray Tags: Applied Biological Sciences Source Type: research

A reverse stroke characterizes the force generation of cardiac myofilaments, leading to an understanding of heart function Biophysics and Computational Biology
Changes in the molecular properties of cardiac myosin strongly affect the interactions of myosin with actin that result in cardiac contraction and relaxation. However, it remains unclear how myosin molecules work together in cardiac myofilaments and which properties of the individual myosin molecules impact force production to drive cardiac contractility....
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - June 4, 2021 Category: Science Authors: Yongtae Hwang, Takumi Washio, Toshiaki Hisada, Hideo Higuchi, Motoshi Kaya Tags: Biophysics and Computational Biology Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Evolutionary design of magnetic soft continuum robots Engineering
Worldwide cardiovascular diseases such as stroke and heart disease are the leading cause of mortality. While guidewire/catheter-based minimally invasive surgery is used to treat a variety of cardiovascular disorders, existing passive guidewires and catheters suffer from several limitations such as low steerability and vessel access through complex geometry of vasculatures...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - May 20, 2021 Category: Science Authors: Liu Wang, Dongchang Zheng, Pablo Harker, Aman B. Patel, Chuan Fei Guo, Xuanhe Zhao Tags: Engineering Physical Sciences Source Type: research

PIP2 corrects cerebral blood flow deficits in small vessel disease by rescuing capillary Kir2.1 activity Neuroscience
Cerebral small vessel diseases (SVDs) are a central link between stroke and dementia—two comorbidities without specific treatments. Despite the emerging consensus that SVDs are initiated in the endothelium, the early mechanisms remain largely unknown. Deficits in on-demand delivery of blood to active brain regions (functional hyperemia) are early manifestations of...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - April 19, 2021 Category: Science Authors: Fabrice Dabertrand, Osama F. Harraz, Masayo Koide, Thomas A. Longden, Amanda C. Rosehart, David C. Hill-Eubanks, Anne Joutel, Mark T. Nelson Tags: Neuroscience Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Developmental synaptic regulator, TWEAK/Fn14 signaling, is a determinant of synaptic function in models of stroke and neurodegeneration Neuroscience
Identifying molecular mediators of neural circuit development and/or function that contribute to circuit dysfunction when aberrantly reengaged in neurological disorders is of high importance. The role of the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway, which was recently reported to be a microglial/neuronal axis mediating synaptic refinement in experience-dependent visual development, has not been explored...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - February 1, 2021 Category: Science Authors: David Nagy, Katelin A. Ennis, Ru Wei, Susan C. Su, Christopher A. Hinckley, Rong–Fang Gu, Benbo Gao, Ramiro H. Massol, Chris Ehrenfels, Luke Jandreski, Ankur M. Thomas, Ashley Nelson, Stefka Gyoneva, Mihaly Haȷos, Linda C. Burkly Tags: Neuroscience Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Poststroke acute dysexecutive syndrome, a disorder resulting from minor stroke due to disruption of network dynamics Neuroscience
Stroke patients with small central nervous system infarcts often demonstrate an acute dysexecutive syndrome characterized by difficulty with attention, concentration, and processing speed, independent of lesion size or location. We use magnetoencephalography (MEG) to show that disruption of network dynamics may be responsible. Nine patients with recent minor strokes and...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - December 29, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Elisabeth B. Marsh, Christian Brodbeck, Rafael H. Llinas, Dania Mallick, Joshua P. Kulasingham, Jonathan Z. Simon, Rodolfo R. Llinas Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research

IL-4/STAT6 signaling facilitates innate hematoma resolution and neurological recovery after hemorrhagic stroke in mice Neuroscience
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating form of stroke affecting millions of people worldwide. Parenchymal hematoma triggers a series of reactions leading to primary and secondary brain injuries and permanent neurological deficits. Microglia and macrophages carry out hematoma clearance, thereby facilitating functional recovery after ICH. Here, we elucidate a pivotal...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - December 22, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Jing Xu, Zhouqing Chen, Fang Yu, Huan Liu, Cheng Ma, Di Xie, Xiaoming Hu, Rehana K. Leak, Sherry H. Y. Chou, R. Anne Stetler, Yejie Shi, Jun Chen, Michael V. L. Bennett, Gang Chen Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Transfer RNA fragments replace microRNA regulators of the cholinergic poststroke immune blockade Medical Sciences
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability. Recovery depends on a delicate balance between inflammatory responses and immune suppression, tipping the scale between brain protection and susceptibility to infection. Peripheral cholinergic blockade of immune reactions fine-tunes this immune response, but its molecular regulators are unknown. Here, we report...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - December 22, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Katarzyna Winek, Sebastian Lobentanzer, Bettina Nadorp, Serafima Dubnov, Claudia Dames, Sandra Jagdmann, Gilli Moshitzky, Benjamin Hotter, Christian Meisel, David S. Greenberg, Sagiv Shifman, Jochen Klein, Shani Shenhar-Tsarfaty, Andreas Meisel, Hermona S Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research

Clonally expanding smooth muscle cells promote atherosclerosis by escaping efferocytosis and activating the complement cascade Medical Sciences
Atherosclerosis is the process underlying heart attack and stroke. Despite decades of research, its pathogenesis remains unclear. Dogma suggests that atherosclerotic plaques expand primarily via the accumulation of cholesterol and inflammatory cells. However, recent evidence suggests that a substantial portion of the plaque may arise from a subset of “dedifferentiated”...
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - July 6, 2020 Category: Science Authors: Ying Wang, Vivek Nanda, Daniel Direnzo, Jianqin Ye, Sophia Xiao, Yoko Koȷima, Kathryn L. Howe, Kai–Uwe Jarr, Alyssa M. Flores, Pavlos Tsantilas, Noah Tsao, Abhiram Rao, Alexandra A. C. Newman, Anne V. Eberhard, James R. Priest, Arno Ruusalepp Tags: Biological Sciences Source Type: research