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A Potent Antioxidant Endogenous Neurohormone Melatonin, Rescued MCAO by Attenuating Oxidative Stress-Associated Neuroinflammation
Ischemic stroke is an acute neurological syndrome either due to permanent or temporary obstruction of blood. Such obstruction immediately triggers abrupt pathological cascading processes, which collectively lead to neuronal cell death. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke are critical regulating events that ultimately lead to neuronal death. Complicated interplay exists between the two processes which occur through several stages. Most often, oxidative stress precedes the inflammatory mechanisms and includes several interconnected cascades that underlie the ischemic stroke pathology. In continuation of...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - August 20, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Melatonin improves memory defects in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis by up-regulating cAMP-response element-binding protein and synapse-associated proteins in the prefrontal cortex.
Abstract Multiple sclerosis is a progressive autoimmune disorder of the myelin sheath and is the most common inflammatory disease of young adults. Up to 65% of multiple sclerosis patients have cognitive impairments such as memory loss and difficulty in understanding and maintaining attention and concentration. Many pharmacological interventions have been used to reverse motor impairments in multiple sclerosis patients; however, none of these drugs improve cognitive function. Melatonin can diffuse through the blood-brain barrier and has well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties with almost no side eff...
Source: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience - June 29, 2020 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Alghamdi BS, AboTaleb HA Tags: J Integr Neurosci Source Type: research

Melatonin Regulates Neuroinflammation Ischemic Stroke Damage through Interactions with Microglia in Reperfusion phase.
In this study, we initially aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of melatonin intra-arterially and to clarify the underlying mechanisms. After that by using an in vitro approach, we evaluated the protective effects of melatonin on microglial cells following the hypoxia condition. Our results proved that a single dose of melatonin at the beginning of reperfusion phase improved structural and behavioral outcomes. Melatonin increased NeuN and decreased GFAP, Iba1 and active caspase-3 at protein level. Furthermore, melatonin elevated BDNF, MAP2, HSPA1A and reduced VEGF at mRNA level. We also showed that melatonin recepto...
Source: Brain Research - August 20, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Azedi F, Mehrpour M, Talebi S, Zendedel A, Kazemnejad S, Mousavizadeh K, Beyer C, Hassan Zarnani A, Taghi Joghataei M Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

Cryptotanshinone Attenuates Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/ Recovery-Induced Injury in an in vitro Model of Neurovascular Unit
Conclusions Despite the above limitations, we indicate that the protective mechanism of CTs against OGD/R damage might exert via inhibiting neuron apoptosis and attenuating BBB disruption. Furthermore, we also clarified that CTs inhibited neuronal apoptosis possibly by blocking the activation of MAPK signaling pathways, and CTs alleviating BBB disruption may associated with the regulation of TJPs and MMP-9 in our experiment. Accordingly, CTs will represent a novel and potent candidate for the treatment of CIRI in the future. Ethics Statement This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of China�...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - April 17, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Melatonin provides protection against heat stroke ‐induced myocardial injury in male rats
ConclusionsMelatonin may protect against HS‐induced myocardial injury in male rats by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation.
Source: Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology - February 27, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Xiaojing Lin, Tingbao Zhao, Cheng ‐Hsien Lin, Dan Zuo, Zhujun Ye, Shide Lin, Shaonan Wen, Lin Liu, Mao‐Tsun Lin, Ching‐Ping Chang, Chien‐Ming Chao Tags: Research Paper Source Type: research

Melatonin Alleviates Intracerebral Hemorrhage-Induced Secondary Brain Injury in Rats via Suppressing Apoptosis, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, and Mitochondria Injury
AbstractIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a cerebrovascular disease with high mortality and morbidity, and the effective treatment is still lacking. We designed this study to investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of melatonin on the secondary brain injury (SBI) after ICH. An in vivo ICH model was induced via autologous whole blood injection into the right basal ganglia in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Primary rat cortical neurons were treated with oxygen hemoglobin (OxyHb) as an in vitro ICH model. The results of the in vivo study showed that melatonin alleviated severe brain edema and behavior disorders induced b...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

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