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Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to antimicrobial agents in Ethiopia: a meta-analysis
ConclusionsS. aureus in Ethiopia has gotten notoriously resistant to almost to all of antimicrobial agents in use including, penicillin, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, methicillin, vancomycin and sulphonamides. The resistance level to vancomycin is bothersome and requires a due attention. Continued and multidimensional efforts of antimicrobial stewardship program promoting rational use of antibiotics, infection prevention and containment of AMR are urgently needed.
Source: Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control - August 23, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Antibacterial prophylaxis in pediatric patients with leukemia.
Conclusion Antibacterial prophylaxis mainly with coverage against Gram-positive bacteria is recommended in pediatric patients with AML. For ALL patients, prophylaxis may be considered for patients who are undergoing intensive chemotherapy phases and are at high risk for infections with ciprofloxacin being the most commonly used agent. In general more studies are needed to determine the role of antibacterial prophylaxis in pediatric patients with leukemia.
Source: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal - April 4, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Antibacterial prophylaxis in pediatric patients with leukemia
Conclusion Antibacterial prophylaxis mainly with coverage against Gram-positive bacteria is recommended in pediatric patients with AML. For ALL patients, prophylaxis may be considered for patients who are undergoing intensive chemotherapy phases and are at high risk for infections with ciprofloxacin being the most commonly used agent. In general more studies are needed to determine the role of antibacterial prophylaxis in pediatric patients with leukemia.
Source: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal - April 7, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Dual antibiotics for bronchiectasis.
CONCLUSIONS: A small number of studies in adults have generated high-quality evidence that is insufficient to inform robust conclusions, and studies in children have provided no evidence. We identified only one dual-therapy combination of oral and inhaled antibiotics. Results from this single trial of 53 adults that we were able to include in the quantitative synthesis showed no evidence of treatment benefit with oral plus inhaled dual therapy in terms of successful treatment of exacerbations, serious adverse events, sputum volume, lung function, and antibiotic resistance. Further high-quality research is required to deter...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - June 11, 2018 Category: General Medicine Authors: Felix LM, Grundy S, Milan SJ, Armstrong R, Harrison H, Lynes D, Spencer S Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Antibacterial prophylaxis in pediatric patients with leukemia
ConclusionAntibacterial prophylaxis mainly with coverage against Gram-positive bacteria is recommended in pediatric patients with AML. For ALL patients, prophylaxis may be considered for patients who are undergoing intensive chemotherapy phases and are at high risk for infections with ciprofloxacin being the most commonly used agent. In general more studies are needed to determine the role of antibacterial prophylaxis in pediatric patients with leukemia.
Source: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal - July 5, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Antibiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease.
CONCLUSIONS: Moderate to high quality evidence suggests that any benefit provided by antibiotics in active CD is likely to be modest and may not be clinically meaningful. High quality evidence suggests that there is no increased risk of adverse events with antibiotics compared to placebo. The effect of antibiotics on the risk of serious adverse events is uncertain. The effect of antibiotics on maintenance of remission in CD is uncertain. Thus, no firm conclusions regarding the efficacy and safety of antibiotics for maintenance of remission in CD can be drawn. More research is needed to determine the efficacy and safety of ...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - February 7, 2019 Category: General Medicine Authors: Townsend CM, Parker CE, MacDonald JK, Nguyen TM, Jairath V, Feagan BG, Khanna R Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Identification of a nth-Like Gene Encoding an Endonuclease III in Campylobacter jejuni
In this study, a BER homolog encoded by cj0595c (named nth) in C. jejuni was analyzed for endonuclease III activity and for its role in maintaining genomic stability. It was found that inactivation of nth resulted in elevated frequencies of spontaneous fluoroquinolone-resistant (FQR) and oxidative stress resistant (OXR) mutants, compared with the wild-type strain in C. jejuni. Sequencing analysis of the FQR and OXR mutants revealed that the elevated mutation rates were associated with C → T or G → A transition in gyrA (FQR mutants) or perR (for OXR mutants). In an in vitro assay, a purified recombinant C. jej...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 9, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Microbial Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile in Microbiota From Soils of Conventional and Organic Farming Systems
According to this study it may be outlined that soil microbiota is a stable component as it were detected similar composition of microorganisms in soil both in organic as well as in conventional farming systems with similar soil structure and pH. The different amount of phosphorus in soils had no influence on bacterial variety at a genera level although more investigations would be useful to investigate changes among separate species. During evolution microorganisms adapted to survive in ecosystems independently of certain changes and probably serve as a buffer for ecological niches. It is unclear, however, what level of i...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - April 25, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Application of Antimicrobial Peptides of the Innate Immune System in Combination With Conventional Antibiotics —A Novel Way to Combat Antibiotic Resistance?
In this study erythrocytes, mononuclear cells and neutrophils, used for evaluation of cytotoxic activity of the peptides and antibiotics, were obtained from blood of healthy donors. Since authors of this article served as such the donors, ethical approval was not required by the Ethics Committee of the Institute of Experimental Medicine. All subjects/authors gave their written consent. Results Effects on Bacterial Cells Combined Antibacterial Action At the first stage of the study we explored the combined action of AMPs and lysozyme with antibiotics against drug-susceptible bacteria. MIC values for individual substance...
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology - April 29, 2019 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Fluoroquinolones-resistant Shigella species in Iranian children: a meta-analysis.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings revealed that ciprofloxacin can still be used as the first-line antibiotic for Shigella infections in Iranian children. However, it seems that second-line antibiotics i.e., ceftriaxone and azithromycin are not good choices for treatment and thus not recommended. PMID: 31154582 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: World Journal of Pediatrics : WJP - May 31, 2019 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Khademi F, Sahebkar A Tags: World J Pediatr Source Type: research

Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media.
CONCLUSIONS: We are uncertain about the effectiveness of topical antibiotics in improving resolution of ear discharge in patients with CSOM because of the limited amount of low-quality evidence available. However, amongst this uncertainty there is some evidence to suggest that the use of topical antibiotics may be effective when compared to placebo, or when used in addition to a systemic antibiotic. There is also uncertainty about the relative effectiveness of different types of antibiotics; it is not possible to determine with any certainty whether or not quinolones are better or worse than aminoglycosides. These two grou...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - January 1, 2020 Category: General Medicine Authors: Brennan-Jones CG, Head K, Chong LY, Burton MJ, Schilder AG, Bhutta MF Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella serotypes in Iran: a meta-analysis.
Authors: Khademi F, Vaez H, Ghanbari F, Arzanlou M, Mohammadshahi J, Sahebkar A Abstract The present study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Salmonella serotypes, especially fluoroquinolone-resistant strains, recovered from clinical samples in Iran. A full electronic search using related keywords was conducted in Persian and English languages in ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and the Scientific Information Database (SID) search engines to find papers published between 1983 and 1 July 2019. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 46 eligible ar...
Source: Pathogens and Global Health - February 7, 2020 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Tags: Pathog Glob Health Source Type: research

Aural toilet (ear cleaning) for chronic suppurative otitis media.
CONCLUSIONS: We are very uncertain whether or not treatment with aural toileting is effective in resolving ear discharge in people with CSOM, due to a lack of data and the poor quality of the available evidence. We also remain uncertain about other outcomes, including adverse events, as these were not well reported. Similarly, we are very uncertain whether daily suction clearance, followed by antibiotic ear drops administered at a clinic, is better than a single episode of suction clearance followed by self-administration of topical antibiotic ear drops. PMID: 32926406 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - September 13, 2020 Category: General Medicine Authors: Bhutta MF, Head K, Chong LY, Daw J, Schilder AG, Burton MJ, Brennan-Jones CG Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Topical versus systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media.
CONCLUSIONS: There was a limited amount of low-quality evidence available, from studies completed over 15 years ago, to examine whether topical or systemic antibiotics are more effective in achieving resolution of ear discharge for people with CSOM. However, amongst this uncertainty there is some evidence to suggest that the topical administration of antibiotics may be more effective than systemic administration of antibiotics in achieving resolution of ear discharge (dry ear). There is limited evidence available regarding different types of antibiotics. It is not possible to determine with any certainty whether or not top...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - February 9, 2021 Category: General Medicine Authors: Chong LY, Head K, Webster KE, Daw J, Richmond P, Snelling T, Bhutta MF, Schilder AG, Burton MJ, Brennan-Jones CG Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research