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Drug: Metformin

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Interventions for hirsutism (excluding laser and photoepilation therapy alone).
CONCLUSIONS: Treatments may need to incorporate pharmacological therapies, cosmetic procedures, and psychological support. For mild hirsutism there is evidence of limited quality that OCPs are effective. Flutamide 250 mg twice daily and spironolactone 100 mg daily appeared to be effective and safe, albeit the evidence was low to very low quality. Finasteride 5 mg daily showed inconsistent results in different comparisons, therefore no firm conclusions can be made. As the side effects of antiandrogens and finasteride are well known, these should be accounted for in any clinical decision-making. There was low quality evidenc...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - April 28, 2015 Category: Journals (General) Authors: van Zuuren EJ, Fedorowicz Z, Carter B, Pandis N Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Clinical use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in combination therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
CONCLUSION: Combination treatment with a DPP-4 and/or SGLT2 inhibitor is an efficacious option for patients with T2DM starting pharmacological therapy, or for patients who have received treatment but require additional glycemic control. Study findings indicate that the underlying mechanisms of action of DPP-4 inhibitors and SGLT2 inhibitors complement a variety of OADs. PMID: 25956345 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Postgraduate Medicine - May 10, 2015 Category: Internal Medicine Tags: Postgrad Med Source Type: research

Comparison of Glyburide with Metformin in Treating Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Conclusion Metformin seems to be a superior choice to glyburide if oral antidiabetic drug therapy is to be initiated in GDM patients.
Source: Clinical Drug Investigation - May 19, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

A Safety Evaluation of Empagliflozin for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes.
Authors: Neeland IJ, Salahuddin U, McGuire DK Abstract INTRODUCTION: Empagliflozin is a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor used to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by enhancing urinary glucose excretion. Empagliflozin is effective at lowering glycosylated hemoglobin and was recently proven superior to placebo for reduction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. As with any new drug, there are safety considerations that inform its potential use in patients with T2DM. Areas Covered: Here, we evaluate the safety of empagliflozin and provide an expert opinion as to its curre...
Source: Expert Opinion on Drug Safety - February 17, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Expert Opin Drug Saf Source Type: research

Strategies to improve the outcomes of assisted reproduction in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
ConclusionThere is low to moderate quality evidence suggesting that antagonist protocols are preferable to agonist ones, because they reduce the incidence of OHSS without interfering with clinical pregnancy and live birth for women with PCOS. Additionally there is low quality evidence pointing a benefit for metformin supplementation on clinical pregnancy and live birth; and that the ovulation induction and estradiol seems to be equally effective for endometrial preparation before frozen embryo transfer for women with PCOS. For all other interventions, the quality of the evidence is of very low quality, not allowing any meaningful conclusions.
Source: Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology - February 29, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: M. Kollmann, W.P. Martins, M.L.S. Lima, L. Craciunas, C.O. Nastri, A. Richardson, N. Raine‐Fenning Tags: Systematic Review Source Type: research

Strategies to improve the outcomes of assisted reproduction in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
CONCLUSION: There is low to moderate quality evidence suggesting that antagonist protocols are preferable to agonist ones, because they reduce the incidence of OHSS without interfering with clinical pregnancy and live birth for women with PCOS. Additionally there is low quality evidence pointing a benefit for metformin supplementation on clinical pregnancy and live birth; and that the ovulation induction and estradiol seems to be equally effective for endometrial preparation before frozen embryo transfer for women with PCOS. For all other interventions, the quality of the evidence is of very low quality, not allowing any m...
Source: The Ultrasound Review of Obstetrics and Gynecology - February 29, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Kollmann M, Martins WP, Lima ML, Craciunas L, Nastri CO, Richardson A, Raine-Fenning N Tags: Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol Source Type: research

Sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
CONCLUSIONS: Due to lack of data it is not possible to conclude whether SGLT 2 inhibitors prevent or delay the diagnosis of T2DM and its associated complications. PMID: 27101360 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - April 20, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Hemmingsen B, Krogh J, Metzendorf MI, Richter B Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Reduced colorectal cancer incidence in type 2 diabetic patients treated with metformin: a meta-analysis.
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the meta-analysis suggests metformin may reduce CRC incidence among diabetics, which is useful medical information for clinicians. PMID: 27159666 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Pharmaceutical Biology - May 10, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Pharm Biol Source Type: research

Advances in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: impact of dulaglutide
Angela M Thompson, Jennifer M TrujilloDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA Abstract: The purpose of this review is to provide a review of current data of the most recently approved glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1-receptor agonist, dulaglutide, in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. To complete this, a PubMed search was performed to identify manuscripts published from 1947 to July 2015. The search terms “Trulicity”, “dulaglutide”, and “LY2189265” were utilized, and publications were included if they eval...
Source: Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy - May 4, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Tags: Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy Source Type: research

Treatment of Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes.
CONCLUSION: Metformin and insulin remain the mainstay of treatment for T2DM in pediatric patients. More robust studies are needed to assist in the provision of evidence-based guidance for the treatment of T2DM in youth. PMID: 27307414 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Annals of Pharmacotherapy - June 14, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Smith JD, Mills E, Carlisle SE Tags: Ann Pharmacother Source Type: research

Fight Aging! Newsletter, July 4th 2016
In conclusion, therefore, I can say with confidence that the future of aging research is extremely bright, both scientifically and medically. The pace of progress must now be sharply accelerated, via the injection of the funds that should for many years have been allocated at far higher a level than has actually occurred. LATEST HEADLINES FROM FIGHT AGING! AN INTERVIEW WITH LAURA DEMING OF THE LONGEVITY FUND https://www.fightaging.org/archives/2016/06/an-interview-with-laura-deming-of-the-longevity-fund/ Laura Deming has worked with the SENS Research Foundation and others on the molecular biology of ...
Source: Fight Aging! - July 3, 2016 Category: Research Authors: Reason Tags: Newsletters Source Type: blogs

Insulin monotherapy compared with the addition of oral glucose-lowering agents to insulin for people with type 2 diabetes already on insulin therapy and inadequate glycaemic control.
CONCLUSIONS: The addition of all oral glucose-lowering agents in people with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycaemic control who are on insulin therapy has positive effects on glycaemic control and insulin requirements. The addition of sulphonylureas results in more hypoglycaemic events. Additional weight gain can only be avoided by adding metformin to insulin. Other well-known adverse effects of oral glucose-lowering agents have to be taken into account when prescribing oral glucose-lowering agents in addition to insulin therapy. PMID: 27640062 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - September 17, 2016 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Vos RC, van Avendonk MJ, Jansen H, Goudswaard AN, van den Donk M, Gorter K, Kerssen A, Rutten GE Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Dipeptidyl-peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 analogues for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
CONCLUSIONS: There is no firm evidence that DPP-4 inhibitors or GLP-1 analogues compared mainly with placebo substantially influence the risk of T2DM and especially its associated complications in people at increased risk for the development of T2DM. Most trials did not investigate patient-important outcomes. PMID: 28489279 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - May 10, 2017 Category: General Medicine Authors: Hemmingsen B, Sonne DP, Metzendorf MI, Richter B Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

Inositol treatment of anovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta ‐analysis of randomised trials
ConclusionsInositol appears to regulate menstrual cycles, improve ovulation and induce metabolic changes in PCOS, however evidence is lacking for pregnancy, miscarriage or live birth. Further well‐designed multicenter trial to address this issue to provide robust evidence of benefit is warranted.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology - May 24, 2017 Category: OBGYN Authors: Jyotsna Pundir, Dimitrios Psaroudakis, Prakash Savnur, Priya Bhide, Luca Sabatini, Helena Teede, Arri Coomarasamy, Shakila Thangaratinam Tags: Systematic review Source Type: research

Inositol treatment of anovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomised trials.
CONCLUSIONS: Inositol appears to regulate menstrual cycles, improve ovulation and induce metabolic changes in PCOS, however evidence is lacking for pregnancy, miscarriage or live birth. Further well-designed multicenter trial to address this issue to provide robust evidence of benefit is warranted. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 28544572 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: BJOG : An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology - May 24, 2017 Category: OBGYN Authors: Pundir J, Psaroudakis D, Savnur P, Bhide P, Sabatini L, Teede H, Coomarasamy A, Thangaratinam S Tags: BJOG Source Type: research