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Vaccination: Pneomococcal Vaccine

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What Causes Neutropenia?
Discussion Neuropenia is defined as a neutrophil count < 1500/µL. It is classified as mild from 1000-1500/µL, moderate from 500-1000/µL, and severe if < 500/µL. It is not uncommonly seen in the setting of acute self-limited infections, and with re-testing returns to normal. It is also not uncommon at certain ages, such as perinatally, especially in premature infants (up to 6%) . It is also common in certain ethnic groups particularly African American or Arabic populations where up to 10% of the children may have mild neutropenia which does not cause clinical disease. The overall prevalence a...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - March 2, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

What Are the Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Congenital Syphilis?
Discussion Syphilis is caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. It is a very old disease that despite understanding the organism and readily available treatment, still causes disease. Syphilis is transmitted sexually. According to the Centers for Disease Control, “[i]n 2018, a total of 35,063 cases of [Primary and Secondary] syphilis were reported in the United States, yielding a rate of 10.8 cases per 100,000 population …. This rate represents a 14.9% increase compared with 2017 (9.4 cases per 100,000 population), and a 71.4% increase compared with 2014 (6.3 cases per 100,000 population).” The increa...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - September 28, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - diagnosis and management of stable disease; a personalized approach to care, using the treatable traits concept based on clinical phenotypes. Position paper of the Czech Pneumological and Phthisiological Society.
Authors: Zatloukal J, Brat K, Neumannova K, Volakova E, Hejduk K, Kocova E, Kudela O, Kopecky M, Plutinsky M, Koblizek V Abstract This position paper has been drafted by experts from the Czech national board of diseases with bronchial obstruction, of the Czech Pneumological and Phthisiological Society. The statements and recommendations are based on both the results of randomized controlled trials and data from cross-sectional and prospective real-life studies to ensure they are as close as possible to the context of daily clinical practice and the current health care system of the Czech Republic. Chronic Obstructi...
Source: Biomedical Papers of the Medical Faculty of the Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub - December 18, 2020 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub Source Type: research

COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Pneumonitis in the Republic of Korea: A Nationwide Multicenter Survey
CONCLUSION: These results suggest pneumonitis as a potentially significant safety concern for vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Clinical awareness and patient education are necessary for early recognition and prompt management. Additional research is warranted to identify the epidemiology and characterize the pathophysiology of vaccine-associated pneumonitis.PMID:37038643 | DOI:10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e106
Source: Journal of Korean Medical Science - April 11, 2023 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Hongseok Yoo Song Yee Kim Moo Suk Park Sung Hwan Jeong Sung-Woo Park Hong Lyeol Lee Hyun-Kyung Lee Sei-Hoon Yang Yangjin Jegal Jung-Wan Yoo Jongmin Lee Hyung Koo Kang Sun Mi Choi Jimyung Park Young Whan Kim Jin Woo Song Joo Hun Park Won-Il Choi Hye Sook C Source Type: research

Effects of Education and Information on Vaccination Behavior in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Background: Despite the existence of international guidelines, vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been integrated optimally. We developed a thorough education program, and compared its influence on vaccination rates with routine clinical practice in a tertiary IBD center. Methods: Between December 2014 and March 2015, we included 505 consecutive patients with IBD visiting our outpatient clinic (53% men, 72% Crohn's disease, median age 44 years). Vaccination data, including hepatitis B, influenza, pneumococcus, tetanus, and varicella zoster virus, as well as demographic data, were collect...
Source: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - January 27, 2017 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Original Clinical Article Source Type: research

Immunization education for internal medicine residents: A cluster-randomized controlled trial.
CONCLUSIONS: Fact-based immunization education was useful in improving IM resident immunization rates for influenza and pertussis. The PCSDM immunization curriculum did not lead to increases in immunization rates compared with the fact-based curriculum, but it did significantly increase resident confidence in communicating with patients about vaccines. PMID: 29496350 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Vaccine - February 26, 2018 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Whitaker JA, Poland CM, Beckman TJ, Bundrick JB, Chaudhry R, Grill DE, Halvorsen AJ, Huber JM, Kasten MJ, Mauck KF, Mehta RA, Olson T, Thomas KG, Thomas MR, Virk A, Wingo MT, Poland GA Tags: Vaccine Source Type: research

In the search of potential epitopes for Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus using high order nullomers.
Abstract Alarms periodically emerge for viral pneumonia infections due to coronavirus. In all cases, these are zoonoses passing the barrier between species and infect humans. The legitimate concern of the international community is due to the fact that the new identified coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2 (previously called 2019-nCoV), has a quite high mortality rate, around 2%, and a strong ability to spread, with an estimated reproduction number higher than 2. Even though all countries are doing their utmost to stop the pandemic, the only reliable solution to tackle the infection is the rapid development of a vaccine...
Source: Journal of Immunological Methods - April 22, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Santoni D, Vergni D Tags: J Immunol Methods Source Type: research

Computational search for potential COVID-19 drugs from FDAapproved drugs and small molecules of natural origin identifies several anti-virals and plant products.
Abstract The world is currently facing the COVID-19 pandemic, for which mild symptoms include fever and dry cough. In severe cases, it could lead to pneumonia and ultimately death in some instances. Moreover, the causative pathogen is highly contagious and there are no drugs or vaccines for it yet. The pathogen, SARS-CoV-2, is one of the human coronaviruses which was identified to infect humans first in December 2019. SARS-CoV-2 shares evolutionary relationship to other highly pathogenic viruses such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). We have exploited this sim...
Source: Journal of Biosciences - July 29, 2020 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Sharma A, Tiwari V, Sowdhamini R Tags: J Biosci Source Type: research

Preventing infections in children and adults with asplenia.
Authors: Lee GM Abstract An estimated 1 million people in the United States have functional or anatomic asplenia or hyposplenia. Infectious complications due to encapsulated organisms such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae can lead to fulminant sepsis and death, particularly in young children, in the period shortly after splenectomy, and in immunocompromised patients. Patients with asplenia are also at risk for less common infections due to Capnocytophaga, Babesia, and malaria. Antibiotic prophylaxis, vaccines, and patient and family education are the mainstays of preve...
Source: Hematology ASH Education Program - December 5, 2020 Category: Hematology Tags: Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program Source Type: research

Effectiveness of the pneumococcal polysaccharide and conjugated vaccines in elderly and high-risk populations in preventing invasive pneumococcal disease: A systematic search and review of the literature
Conclusion: The results from this review indicate a reduction of IPD in elderly and high-risk populations vaccinated with PPV23 and PCV13. The protective effect may be lower in elderly individuals >80 years and in individuals with comorbidities. However, the literature is sparse and large-scale prospective studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of PPV23 and PCV13 vaccination in adults in protecting against IPD.
Source: European Respiratory Journal - December 1, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Sikjaer, M., Wik, M. S., Stensholt, S. S., Hilberg, O., Lokke, A. Tags: 10.01 - Respiratory infections and bronchiectasis Source Type: research