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Total 371 results found since Jan 2013.
Identification of proximal biomarkers of PKC agonism and evaluation of their role in HIV reactivation
Conclusion Overall, our results offer new insights into the mechanism of action of PKC agonists, biomarkers of pathway engagement, and the potential role of EGR family in HIV reactivation.
Source: Antiviral Therapy - November 23, 2016 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Identification of proximal biomarkers of PKC agonism and evaluation of their role in HIV reactivation.
CONCLUSION: Overall, our results offer new insights into the mechanism of action of PKC agonists, biomarkers of pathway engagement, and the potential role of EGR family in HIV reactivation.
PMID: 27889530 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Antiviral Research - November 22, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: Vemula SV, Maxwell JW, Nefedov A, Wan BL, Steve J, Newhard W, Sanchez RI, Tellers D, Barnard RJ, Blair W, Hazuda D, Webber AL, Howell BJ Tags: Antiviral Res Source Type: research
Nervous necrosis virus capsid protein exploits nucleolar phosphoprotein Nucleophosmin (B23) function for viral replication.
In this study, an interaction between nervous necrosis virus capsid protein and nucleolar phosphoprotein B23 was identified using in vitro experimental approaches. The capsid protein binds to B23 early during the viral infection and accumulates in the nucleus, particularly in the nucleolus. However, over the course of the infection B23 is redistributed from the nucleoli to the nucleoplasm. siRNA-mediated knockdown of B23 reduced viral replication and cytopathic effect. Thus, B23 targets capsid protein to the nucleus and facilitates NNV replication. The results provide the first demonstration that nucleolar protein B23 has ...
Source: Virus Research - December 25, 2016 Category: Virology Authors: Mai W, Huang F, Chen H, Zhou Y, Chen Y Tags: Virus Res Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 9, Pages 5: Mx Is Not Responsible for the Antiviral Activity of Interferon-α against Japanese Encephalitis Virus
In this study, we set out to investigate the effects of Mx1 and Mx2 expression on the interferon- α (IFNα) restriction of JEV replication. To evaluate whether the inhibitory activity of IFNα on JEV is dependent on Mx1 or Mx2, we knocked down Mx1 or Mx2 with siRNA in IFNα-treated PK-15 cells and BHK-21 cells, then challenged them with JEV; the production of progeny virus was assessed by plaqu e assay, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting. Our results demonstrated that depletion of Mx1 or Mx2 did not affect JEV restriction imposed by IFNα, although these two proteins were knocked down 66% and 79%, respectively. Accordingly, ex...
Source: Viruses - January 9, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Jing Zhou Shi-Qi Wang Jian-Chao Wei Xiao-Min Zhang Zhi-Can Gao Ke Liu Zhi-Yong Ma Pu-Yan Chen Bin Zhou Tags: Article Source Type: research
Influenza virus infection induces translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in A549 cells: role of AIF in apoptosis and viral propagation
AbstractIt is recognized that influenza virus induces caspase-dependent apoptosis by activating caspase-3. Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is a caspase-independent cell death effector, and its mitochondrial-nuclear translocation plays an important role in apoptosis. It is demonstrated in this study how influenza virus infection can induce caspase-independent apoptosis in the human alveolar epithelial cell line A549. AIF is translocated from the mitochondria to the nucleus in a caspase-independent manner in response to infection with influenza virus. Knockdown of AIF expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) led to a redu...
Source: Archives of Virology - February 28, 2017 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Antiviral screen identifies EV71 inhibitors and reveals camptothecin-target, DNA topoisomerase 1 as a novel EV71 host factor
Publication date: Available online 17 April 2017 Source:Antiviral Research Author(s): Kan Xing Wu, Justin Jang-Hann Chu Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) associated with severe neurological disease. EV71's pathogenesis remains poorly understood and the lack of approved antiviral has led to its emergence as a clinically important neurotropic virus. The goals of this study were to: (i) identify novel anti-EV71 compounds that may serve as lead molecules for therapeutics; and (ii) investigate their targets in downstream studies. We screened a 502-compound library of hi...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - April 17, 2017 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Antiviral screen identifies EV71 inhibitors and reveals camptothecin-target, DNA topoisomerase 1 as a novel EV71 host factor.
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) associated with severe neurological disease. EV71's pathogenesis remains poorly understood and the lack of approved antiviral has led to its emergence as a clinically important neurotropic virus. The goals of this study were to: (i) identify novel anti-EV71 compounds that may serve as lead molecules for therapeutics; and (ii) investigate their targets in downstream studies. We screened a 502-compound library of highly purified natural products for anti-EV71 activities in a cell-based immunofluorescence assay that w...
Source: Antiviral Research - April 17, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Wu KX, Chu JJ Tags: Antiviral Res Source Type: research
Human cytomegalovirus triggers the assembly of AIM2 inflammasome in THP ‐1‐derived macrophages
In conclusion, HCMV infection induces an AIM2 inflammasome response, which negatively influences viral life cycle. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Source: Journal of Medical Virology - May 8, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Yuan Huang, Lingling Liu, Di Ma, Yi Liao, Yuanyuan Lu, Heyu Huang, Wenqing Qin, Xinglou Liu, Feng Fang Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
Identification of KX2-391 as an inhibitor of HBV transcription by a recombinant HBV-based screening assay
This study used recombinant HBV encoding NanoLuc to screen anti-HBV compounds from 1827 US Food and Drug Administration approved compounds and identified several compounds that suppressed HBV infection. Among them, KX2-391, a non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of SRC kinase and tubulin polymerization, was identified as a lead candidate for an anti-HBV drug. Treatment of sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) transduced-HepG2 (HepG2-NTCP) or primary human hepatocytes with KX2-391 suppressed HBV replication in a dose-dependent manner. The anti-HBV activity of KX2-391 appeared not to depend on SRC kinase activity be...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - June 16, 2017 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Identification of KX2-391 as an inhibitor of HBV transcription by a recombinant HBV-based screening assay.
This study used recombinant HBV encoding NanoLuc to screen anti-HBV compounds from 1827 US Food and Drug Administration approved compounds and identified several compounds that suppressed HBV infection. Among them, KX2-391, a non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of SRC kinase and tubulin polymerization, was identified as a lead candidate for an anti-HBV drug. Treatment of sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) transduced-HepG2 (HepG2-NTCP) or primary human hepatocytes with KX2-391 suppressed HBV replication in a dose-dependent manner. The anti-HBV activity of KX2-391 appeared not to depend on SRC kinase activity be...
Source: Antiviral Research - June 14, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Harada K, Nishitsuji H, Ujino S, Shimotohno K Tags: Antiviral Res Source Type: research
Viruses, Vol. 9, Pages 257: Engineered Disease Resistance in Cotton Using RNA-Interference to Knock down Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus-Burewala and Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite Expression
In this study, a small interfering RNA (siRNA) construct was designed to target the AC1 gene of Cotton leaf curl Kokhran virus-Burewala (CLCuKoV-Bu) and the βC1 gene and satellite conserved region of the Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMB). The AC1 gene and CLCuMB coding and non-coding regions function in replication initiation and suppression of the plant host defense pathway, respectively. The construct, Vβ, was transformed into cotton plants using the Agrobacterium-mediated embryo shoot apex cut method. Results from fluorescence in situ hybridization and karyotyping assays indicated that six of the 11 T1 pl...
Source: Viruses - September 14, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Aftab Ahmad Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman Usman Hameed Abdul Qayyum Rao Ammara Ahad Aneela Yasmeen Faheem Akram Kamran Bajwa Jodi Scheffler Idrees Nasir Ahmad Shahid Muhammad Iqbal Tayyab Husnain Muhammad Haider Judith Brown Tags: Article Source Type: research
Biochemical analysis of NSs from different tospoviruses.
Abstract
Tospoviruses suppress antiviral RNA interference by coding for an RNA silencing suppressor (NSs) protein. Previously, using NSs-containing crude plant and insect cell extracts, the affinity of NSs for double-stranded (ds)RNA molecules was demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shifts assays (EMSAs). While NSs from tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV) were able to bind small and long dsRNA molecules, the one from tomato yellow ring virus (TYRV), a distinct Asian tospovirus, only bound small dsRNA. Here, using bacterially expressed and purified NSs from GRSV and TYRV, it is...
Source: Virus Research - September 26, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Hedil M, de Ronde D, Kormelink R Tags: Virus Res Source Type: research
Targeted inhibition of Hantavirus replication and intracranial pathogenesis by a chimeric protein-delivered siRNA
Publication date: Available online 7 October 2017 Source:Antiviral Research Author(s): Jie Yang, Ji-Feng Sun, Ting-Ting Wang, Xiao-Hong Guo, Jun-Xia Wei, Lin-Tao Jia, An-Gang Yang Hantavirus (HV) infection, which underlies hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, remains to be a severe clinical challenge. Here, we synthesized small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that target the encoding sequences of HV strain 76-118, and validated their inhibitory role in virus replication in HV-infected monkey kidney Vero E6 cells. A chimeric protein, 3G1-Cκ-tP, consisting of a single-chain antibody...
Source: Antiviral Therapy - October 8, 2017 Category: Virology Source Type: research
The down-regulation of casein kinase 1 alpha as a host defense response against infectious bursal disease virus infection.
In conclusion, down-regulation of CK1α during IBDV infection as a host defense response increased abundance of IFNAR1, which in turn enhanced an inhibitory effect on IBDV replication.
PMID: 28988058 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Virology - October 4, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Zhang L, Li H, Chen Y, Gao X, Lu Z, Gao L, Wang Y, Gao Y, Gao H, Liu C, Cui H, Zhang Y, Pan Q, Qi X, Wang X Tags: Virology Source Type: research
Rapamycin enhances lytic replication of Epstein-Barr virus in gastric carcinoma cells by increasing the transcriptional activities of immediate-early lytic promoters.
In this study, we assessed the effects of rapamycin on EBV reactivation in gastric carcinoma cells. We found that rapamycin upregulated expression of EBV lytic proteins and increased the viral proliferation triggered by the EBV lytic inducer sodium butyrate. Reverse transcription-qPCR, luciferase activity assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation and western blotting were employed to explore the mechanism by which rapamycin promotes EBV reactivation. Our results showed that rapamycin treatment resulted in increased mRNA levels of EBV immediate-early genes. Rapamycin also enhanced the transcriptional activities of the EBV immed...
Source: Virus Research - November 20, 2017 Category: Virology Authors: Wang M, Wu W, Zhang Y, Yao G, Gu B Tags: Virus Res Source Type: research
