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Specialty: Reproduction Medicine

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Total 316 results found since Jan 2013.

Increased Expression of Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 in Preeclamptic Placenta and Its Relevance to Preeclampsia
The aim of this investigation was to determine the expression of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) in the placenta from women with preeclampsia and normal pregnancy, and to delineate the regulatory effects on thophoblast cell by FABP4. We determined the expression of FABP4 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) or enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting for protein. Small interference of ribonucleic acid (siRNA) and specific FABP4 inhibitor were used to inhibit FABP4.
Source: Placenta - January 19, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Yuying Yan, Huilian Peng, Peng Wang, Hanzhi Wang, Minyue Dong Source Type: research

Deletion of Arid1a in Reproductive Tract Mesenchymal Cells Reduces Fertility in Female Mice.
Abstract Women with endometriosis can suffer from decreased fecundity or complete infertility via abnormal oocyte function or impaired placental-uterine interactions required for normal pregnancy establishment and maintenance. Although AT-rich interactive domain 1A (SWI-like) (ARID1A) is a putative tumor suppressor in human endometrial cancers and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers, little is known about its role in normal uterine function. To study the potential function of ARID1A in the female reproductive tract, we generated mice with a conditional knockout of Arid1a using anti-Müllerian hormone receptor...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - March 9, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Wang X, Khatri S, Broaddus R, Wang Z, Hawkins SM Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Elevated phosphatase of regenerating liver 3 (PRL-3) promotes cytoskeleton reorganization, cell migration and invasion in endometrial stromal cells from endometrioma
STUDY QUESTION Is phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) associated with increased motility of endometriotic cells from endometrioma? SUMMARY ANSWER Elevated PRL-3 promotes cytoskeleton reorganization, cell migration and invasion of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) from endometrioma. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Overexpression of PRL-3 is associated with cancer cell migration, invasion and metastatic phenotype. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Primary human ESCs were isolated from eutopic endometrium of women without endometriosis (EuCo, n = 10), with histologically proven endometrioma (EuEM, n = 19) and from the cyst wall of...
Source: Human Reproduction - March 15, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Zhan, H., Ma, J., Ruan, F., Bedaiwy, M. A., Peng, B., Wu, R., Lin, J. Tags: Gynaecology Source Type: research

Adiponectin Inhibits Nutrient Transporters and Promotes Apoptosis in Human Villous Cytotrophoblasts: Involvement in the Control of Fetal Growth.
Abstract The placenta exchanges nutrients between the mother and the fetus, and requires a constant abundant energy supply. Adiponectin (a cytokine produced primarily by adipose tissue) controls glucose and lipid homeostasis. It is well known that maternal serum adiponectin levels are inversely related to birth weight suggesting that adiponectin has a negative effect on fetal growth. This effect appears to be related to the control of nutrient transporters in human placenta. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been characterized. In the present work, we studied adiponectin's direct effect on ...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - March 29, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Duval F, Dos Santos E, Poidatz D, Sérazin V, Gronier H, Vialard F, Dieudonné MN Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Don´t trust an(t)ybody - Pitfalls during investigation of candidate proteins for methylmercury transport at the placental interface
While investigating placental mercury transport, we validated specificity of commercial antibodies against four candidate transporters (Large neutral amino acids transporter (LAT)1, LAT2, 4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain (4F2hc), and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP)2) by immunoblotting and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated protein knockdown. An anti-4F2hc- and one anti-LAT1-antibody were specific. Another anti-LAT1-antibody reacted with LAT2. Two anti-LAT2-antibodies detected mainly albumin in placental lysates.
Source: Placenta - April 18, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Isabella Ellinger, Waranya Chatuphonprasert, Martin Reiter, Agnes Voss, Jost Kemper, Elisabeth Straka, Matthias Scheinast, Harald Zeisler, Hans Salzer, Claudia Gundacker Tags: Technical note Source Type: research

Don't trust an(t)ybody - Pitfalls during investigation of candidate proteins for methylmercury transport at the placental interface
While investigating placental mercury transport, we validated specificity of commercial antibodies against four candidate transporters (Large neutral amino acids transporter (LAT)1, LAT2, 4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain (4F2hc), and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP)2) by immunoblotting and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated protein knockdown. An anti-4F2hc- and one anti-LAT1-antibody were specific. Another anti-LAT1-antibody reacted with LAT2. Two anti-LAT2-antibodies detected mainly albumin in placental lysates.
Source: Placenta - April 18, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Isabella Ellinger, Waranya Chatuphonprasert, Martin Reiter, Agnes Voss, Jost Kemper, Elisabeth Straka, Matthias Scheinast, Harald Zeisler, Hans Salzer, Claudia Gundacker Tags: Technical note Source Type: research

MicroRNA-183~96~182 Cluster Regulate Bovine Granulosa Cell Proliferation and Cell Cycle Transition by Coordinately Targeting FOXO1.
Abstract Large-scale expression profiling of microRNAs (miRNAs) in bovine granulosa cells from dominant and subordinate follicles on Day 19 of the estrous cycle revealed enriched microRNA-183~96~182 (miR-183~96~182) cluster miRNAs in preovulatory dominant follicles that coordinately regulate the forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) gene. However, little is known about the role of this cluster in bovine granulosa cell function. We employed an in vitro granulosa cell culture model to investigate this role. Granulosa cells aspirated from small growing follicles (3-5 mm in diameter) were cultured in DMEM/F-12 medium supple...
Source: Biology of Reproduction - April 26, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Gebremedhn S, Salilew-Wondim D, Hoelker M, Rings F, Neuhoff C, Tholen E, Schellander K, Tesfaye D Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Optineurin suppression activates the mediators involved in the terminal effector pathways of human labour and delivery.
Abstract Spontaneous preterm birth remains the major cause of neonatal death and morbidity. Studies in non-gestational tissues report that optineurin (OPTN) is critical in the termination of NFKB1 activity and control of inflammation, central features of spontaneous preterm birth. The aims of the present study were to determine: (1) OPTN expression in fetal membranes and the myometrium during labour; (2) the effects of IL1B on OPTN expression in primary myometrial cells; and (3) the effects of OPTN short interference (si) RNA on IL1B-stimulated proinflammatory and prolabour mediators. OPTN mRNA and protein express...
Source: Reproduction, Fertility, and Development - May 1, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Lim R, Barker G, Lappas M Tags: Reprod Fertil Dev Source Type: research

Integrin {alpha}4-positive human trophoblast progenitors: functional characterization and transcriptional regulation
This study supported our hypothesis that TBPCs from the chorionic mesenchyme can contribute to the subpopulation of CTBs that reside in the smooth chorion. In the absence of in vivo data, which is difficult to obtain in humans, the results have the limitations common to all in vitro studies. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The accepted view is that progenitors reside among the villous CTB subpopulation. Here, we show that TBPCs also reside in the mesenchymal layer of the smooth chorion throughout gestation. We theorize that they can contribute to the CTB layer in this region. This phenomenon may be particularly importa...
Source: Human Reproduction - May 17, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Genbacev, O., Larocque, N., Ona, K., Prakobphol, A., Garrido-Gomez, T., Kapidzic, M., Barcena, A., Gormley, M., Fisher, S. J. Tags: Reproductive biology Source Type: research

Stromal Cell Derived Factor 2 (SDF2): A Novel Protein That Interferes in ER Stress Pathway in Human Placental Cells.
In conclusion, this study identifies a novel factor with the ability to interfere in ER stress proteins, which may contribute to the understanding of ER stress associated with placental-related diseases of pregnancy. PMID: 27335075 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Reproductive Biology - June 21, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Lorenzon-Ojea AR, Guzzo CR, Kapidzic M, Fisher SJ, Bevilacqua E Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

High Estradiol Concentrations Induce Heat Shock Protein 70 Expression and Suppress Nuclear Factor Kappa B Activation in Human Endometrial Epithelial Cells.
In conclusion, high E2 concentrations enhance HSF-1 and Hsp70 expression in EECs. The induced Hsp70 forms a complex with IKK-gamma and inhibits pI kappa B-alpha, which consequently suppresses NF-kappa B activation. PMID: 27605343 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Biology of Reproduction - September 6, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Chen CD, Chen SU, Chou CH, Chen MJ, Wen WF, Wu SY, Yang YS, Yang JH Tags: Biol Reprod Source Type: research

Homeobox gene TGIF-1 is increased in placental endothelial cells of human fetal growth restriction
In this study, we aimed to specifically compare TGIF-1 mRNA expression in placental ECs isolated from human FGR-affected pregnancies with gestation-matched control pregnancies in two independent cohorts from Australia and Canada and to identify the functional role of TGIF-1 in placental angiogenesis using the human umbilical vein endothelial cell-derived cell line, SGHEC-7, and primary human umbilical vein ECs. Real-time PCR revealed that TGIF-1 mRNA expression was significantly increased in ECs isolated from FGR-affected placentae compared with that of controls. The functional roles of TGIF-1 were determined in ECs after ...
Source: Reproduction - September 20, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Gunatillake, T., Yong, H. E. J., Dunk, C. E., Keogh, R. J., Borg, A. J., Cartwright, J. E., Whitley, G. S., Murthi, P. Tags: Research Source Type: research

CREB activity is required for luteinizing hormone ‐induced the expression of EGF‐like factors
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Source: Molecular Reproduction and Development - August 31, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Yakun Wang, Xiaoqiong Hao, Jing Yang, Jia Li, Meijia Zhang Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Serine threonine kinase receptor associated protein regulates early follicle development in the mouse ovary
The molecular mechanisms involved in regulating the development of small, gonadotrophin-independent follicles are poorly understood; however, many studies have highlighted an essential role for TGFB ligands. Canonical TGFB signalling is dependent upon intracellular SMAD proteins that regulate transcription. STRAP has been identified in other tissues as an inhibitor of the TGFB–SMAD signalling pathway. Therefore, in this study we aimed to determine the expression and role of STRAP in the context of early follicle development. Using qPCR, Strap, Smad3 and Smad7 revealed similar expression profiles in immature ovaries f...
Source: Reproduction - December 8, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Sharum, I. B., Granados-Aparici, S., Warrander, F. C., Tournant, F. P., Fenwick, M. A. Tags: Research Source Type: research

Trophoblast cells inhibit neutrophil extracellular trap formation and enhance apoptosis through vasoactive intestinal peptide-mediated pathways
STUDY QUESTION Do human trophoblast cells modulate neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis and neutrophil apoptosis through mechanisms involving vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)? SUMMARY ANSWER Trophoblast cells inhibited NET formation and ROS synthesis and enhanced neutrophil apoptosis through VIP-mediated pathways in a model of maternal–placental interaction. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Immune homeostasis maintenance at the maternal–placental interface is mostly coordinated by trophoblast cells. Neutrophil activation and NET formation increases in pregnancies comp...
Source: Human Reproduction - December 17, 2016 Category: Reproduction Medicine Authors: Calo, G., Sabbione, F., Vota, D., Paparini, D., Ramhorst, R., Trevani, A., Perez Leiros, C. Tags: Early pregnancy Source Type: research