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Infectious Disease: Parasitic Diseases

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Total 613 results found since Jan 2013.

Perspective The enigmatic tuft cell in immunity
Helminth and protozoan parasites are the most common infectious agents of humans living in developing countries and represent an important disease burden, particularly through their ability to cause physical and intellectual growth retardation in young children (1, 2). Type 2 immune responses promote efficient expulsion of intestinal parasites such as helminths by driving a “weep and sweep” response that involves mucous production, fluid secretion, and increased intestinal motility. These same responses in susceptible individuals cause the symptoms of allergy after exposure to pollens and certain food antigens. The gen...
Source: ScienceNOW - March 17, 2016 Category: Science Authors: Nicola Harris Tags: Immunology Source Type: news

Efficacy and safety of a novel oral isoxazoline, sarolaner (Simparica™) in the treatment of naturally occurring flea and tick infestations in dogs presented as veterinary patients in Europe
Publication date: Available online 16 March 2016 Source:Veterinary Parasitology Author(s): Csilla Becskei, Filip De Bock, Joanna Illambas, Sean P. Mahabir, Robert Farkas, Robert H. Six Two randomised, blinded, multi-centered field studies were conducted in Europe to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of three monthly oral doses of sarolaner (Simparica™, Zoetis) administered at a minimum dosage of 2.0mg/kg (range 2–4mg/kg) against natural flea or tick infestation of dogs presented as veterinary patients. In the flea study, the improvement in clinical signs associated with flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) was also ...
Source: Veterinary Parasitology - March 17, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Open field study on the efficacy of oral fluralaner for long-term control of flea allergy dermatitis in client-owned dogs in Ile-de-France region
Fluralaner is the first orally administered isoxazoline to provide 12 weeks of activity against fleas and ticks after a single administration. As a result of its potent anti-flea activity, oral fluralaner may ...
Source: Parasites and Vectors - March 23, 2016 Category: Microbiology Authors: Odile Crosaz, Elodie Chapelle, Noëlle Cochet-Faivre, Diane Ka, Céline Hubinois and Jacques Guillot Source Type: research

The Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiota and Allergic Diseases
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiota is required for optimal digestion of foods, for the development of resistance against pathogens (termed colonization resistance), for the development of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, and for local as well as systemic immune homeostasis. Certain constituents of the GI tract microbiota are widely recognized as critical regulators and modulators of their host's immune response. These include bacterial members of the microbiota as well as parasitic nematodes. Immune regulation by immunomodulatory members of the GI microbiota primarily serves to subvert host antimicrobial immune d...
Source: Digestive Diseases - March 30, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Source Type: research

Immunology Dialing down allergic responses
Immunity to parasites and worms, termed type 2 immunity, is a double-edged sword. The same immune cells that keep these pests at bay can go awry, causing allergy and asthma. Chan et – [Read More]
Source: This Week in Science - March 31, 2016 Category: Science Authors: Kristen L. Mueller Tags: Immunology Source Type: research

Testing Small Molecule Analogues of Acanthocheilonema viteae immunomodulator ES‐62 against clinically relevant allergens
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Source: Parasite Immunology - March 31, 2016 Category: Parasitology Authors: Lucia Janicova, Justyna Rzepecka, David T. Rodgers, James Doonan, Kara S. Bell, Felicity E. Lumb, Colin J. Suckling, Margaret M. Harnett, William Harnett Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Investigational malaria vaccine protects healthy US adults for more than one year
(NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) An experimental malaria vaccine protected a small number of healthy, malaria-naïve adults in the US for more than one year after immunization, according to results from a NIAID-supported Phase 1 trial. NIAID researchers and University of Maryland School of Medicine collaborators conducted the clinical evaluation of the vaccine, which involved immunization and exposing willing healthy adults to the malaria-causing parasite in a controlled setting. The PfSPZ Vaccine was developed and produced by Sanaria Inc.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - May 9, 2016 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news

Basophil-derived IL-4 plays versatile roles in immunity
Abstract Recent studies demonstrated that basophils play crucial and non-redundant roles in the immune system, in spite of the fact that they are the rarest granulocytes and represent less than 1 % of peripheral blood leukocytes. In response to various stimuli, basophils release effector molecules stored in their cytoplasmic granules, including chemical mediators and proteases, and also secrete cytokines and chemokines. In this review, we will focus on the physiological and pathological roles of basophil-derived IL-4. Basophils can readily produce large quantities of IL-4 and are therefore the important source of...
Source: Seminars in Immunopathology - May 9, 2016 Category: Pathology Source Type: research

Role of Eosinophil Granulocytes in Allergic Airway Inflammation endotypes
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology - April 30, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Kawa Amin, Christer Janson, Jonas Bystrom Tags: Review Source Type: research

Visceral leishmaniasis: a forgotten epidemic
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL or kala-azar) is most endemic in Asia and Africa and commonly affects young children. It is usually caused by Leishmania donovani or Leishmania infantum that are transmitted by Phlebotomine sand flies. Transmission may be anthroponotic or zoonotic or both, depending on the endemic area. Clinical features include fever, hepatosplenomegaly, weight loss and pancytopenia. Younger age, malnutrition and immunosuppression (HIV infection, use of immunosuppressive drugs) are risk factors. Many infections remain asymptomatic. Diagnosis is made by demonstration of the Leishmania parasite in aspirates of lym...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - May 17, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Zijlstra, E. E. Tags: Oncology, Immunology (including allergy), ADC Global child health, HIV/AIDS, Travel medicine, Tropical medicine (infectious diseases), Child health, Sexual health Source Type: research

Testing small molecule analogues of the Acanthocheilonema viteae immunomodulator ES‐62 against clinically relevant allergens
In this study, we have moved away from OVA, a model allergen, to test the SMAs against two clinically relevant allergens – house dust mite (HDM) and cockroach allergen (CR) extract. We show that both SMAs offer some protection against development of lung allergic responses to CR, in particular reducing eosinophil infiltration, whereas only SMA 12b is effective in protecting against eosinophil‐dependent HDM‐induced allergy. These data therefore suggest that helminth molecule‐induced protection against model allergens may not necessarily translate to clinically relevant allergens. Nevertheless, in this study, we have...
Source: Parasite Immunology - May 29, 2016 Category: Parasitology Authors: L. Janicova, J. Rzepecka, D. T. Rodgers, J. Doonan, K. S. Bell, F. E. Lumb, C. J. Suckling, M. M. Harnett, W. Harnett Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Hyper-IgE Syndromes and the Lung
This article discusses the clinical features of these primary immunodeficiencies with a particular focus on the pulmonary manifestations and discussion of the genetics, pathogenesis, and approaches to therapy.
Source: Clinics in Chest Medicine - June 9, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Alexandra F. Freeman, Kenneth N. Olivier Source Type: research

Poorly controlled asthma and strongyloidiasis in a nonendemic area of the United States
Strongyloidiasis is an intestinal infection caused by 2 species of the intestinal nematode Strongyloides, the most common of which is the globally distributed Strongyloides stercoralis.1 S stercoralis occurs in subtropical and tropical countries but is also endemic in several temperate countries where conditions are favorable.2 In the United States, S stercoralis is endemic in the southeastern region.3 The parasite infects humans, other primates, and dogs.2 S stercoralis is mainly transmitted by soil, but interhuman transmission and transmission from infected animals have been reported.
Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology - June 10, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Santiago Alvarez Arango, Vineet Reddy, David L. Rosenstreich, Sunit P. Jariwala Tags: Letter Source Type: research

Pantoea agglomerans: a mysterious bacterium of evil and good. Part IV. Beneficial effects.
In conclusion, in spite of the proven pathologic role of P. agglomerans in causing occupational diseases of allergic and/or immunotoxic background and accidental infections, the beneficial traits of this species, and of related species of Pantoea genus, are of great value for potential use in many areas of biotechnology. Hence, any restrictions on the use of these organisms and their products should be declined, providing safety precautions at work with the Pantoea biopreparations are maintained. PMID: 27294621 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine : AAEM - June 1, 2016 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Dutkiewicz J, Mackiewicz B, Lemieszek MK, Golec M, Milanowski J Tags: Ann Agric Environ Med Source Type: research

Impact of vectorborne parasitic neglected tropical diseases on child health
Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis are all vectorborne neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that are responsible for significant disease burden in impoverished children and adults worldwide. As vectorborne parasitic diseases, they can all be targeted for elimination through vector control strategies. Examples of successful vector control programmes for these diseases over the past two decades have included the Southern Cone Initiative against Chagas disease, the Kala-azar Control Scheme against leishmaniasis, the Onchocerciasis Control Programme and the lymphatic filariasis control program...
Source: Archives of Disease in Childhood - June 16, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Barry, M. A., Murray, K. O., Hotez, P. J., Jones, K. M. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), ADC Global child health, Child abuse, Dermatology Source Type: research