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Infectious Disease: Gastroenteritis

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Total 121 results found since Jan 2013.

The Tyrosine Kinase Pyk2 Contributes to Complement-Mediated Phagocytosis in Murine Macrophages
Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) is a member of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) family and is mainly expressed in neuronal and hematopoietic cells. As FAK family members are involved in signaling connections downstream of integrins, we studied the role of Pyk2 in complement-receptor 3 (CR3, also known as Mac-1, integrin αMβ2, CD11b/CD18)-mediated phagocytosis, a key process in innate immunity. Using 3 independent approaches, we observed that Pyk2 contributes to CR3-dependent phagocytosis by RAW 264.7 macrophages, but is dispensable for Fc#x03B3; receptor (Fc#x03B3;R)-mediated uptake. Reduction of Pyk2 expression lev...
Source: Journal of Innate Immunity - February 6, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Repression of a chromatin modifier aggravates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mouse.
Abstract Local inflammatory responses and alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) apoptosis are both important for the development of the acute lung injury (ALI), a clinically important complication causing high morbidity and mortality, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis. Herein, we showed for the first time that expression of Metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1), a master transcriptional regulator with the ability to regulate divergent cellular pathways by modifying the acetylation status of crucial target genes, was up-regulated in the alveolar cells of the Escherichia coli...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - February 15, 2016 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Chen JK, Wang WC, Zang L, Zhao J, Li W, Jiang T Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

MiR-9 promotes osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by inhibiting DKK1 gene expression.
Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the role of miR-9 and its mechanism on the osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Real-time PCR and western blotting were used to study gene expression. Assay of Alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red staining were used to examine osteoblast differentiation. Transfection of miR-9 mimics or lent-shmiR-9 was used to modulate the level of miR-9 in C2C12. Overexpression of miR-9 in C2C12 cells stimulated alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblast mineralization, as well as the expression of osteoblast marker genes Col I, Ocn and Bsp. Gene silenc...
Source: Molecular Biology Reports - July 7, 2016 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Liu X, Xu H, Kou J, Wang Q, Zheng X, Yu T Tags: Mol Biol Rep Source Type: research

Subtilase cytotoxin produced by locus of enterocyte effacement ‐negative Shiga‐toxigenic Escherichia coli induces stress granule formation
Summary Subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB) is mainly produced by locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE)‐negative strains of Shiga‐toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC). SubAB cleaves an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone, BiP/Grp78, leading to induction of ER stress. This stress causes activation of ER stress sensor proteins and induction of caspase‐dependent apoptosis. We found that SubAB induces stress granules (SG) in various cells. Aim of this study was to explore the mechanism by which SubAB induced SG formation. Here, we show that SubAB‐induced SG formation is regulated by activation of double‐stranded RNA‐activated...
Source: Cellular Microbiology - February 20, 2016 Category: Microbiology Authors: Hiroyasu Tsutsuki, Kinnosuke Yahiro, Kohei Ogura, Kimitoshi Ichimura, Sunao Iyoda, Makoto Ohnishi, Sayaka Nagasawa, Kazuko Seto, Joel Moss, Masatoshi Noda Tags: Original article Source Type: research

MicroRNA target Fc receptors to regulate Ab-dependent Ag uptake in primary macrophages and dendritic cells.
In this study, we examined the role of miR-24, miR-30b and miR-142-3p in Ab Fc receptor (FcR)-mediated phagocytosis by macrophages (MΦ) and dendritic cells (DC). The expression of these miRNAs was reduced following phagocytosis of both IgG-opsonized beads and Escherichia coli, indicating their regulatory role in the process. Further, overexpression of these miRNAs impaired the uptake of IgG-coated latex beads, which corroborated the reduced secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-8 and down-regulation of PKC-α, as well as superoxide-generating enzyme NADPH oxidase 2 expression level. Mechanistically, M...
Source: Innate Immunity - July 21, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Naqvi AR, Fordham JB, Nares S Tags: Innate Immun Source Type: research

Formation of Tankyrase Inhibitor-Induced Degradasomes Requires Proteasome Activity
by Nina Marie Pedersen, Tor Espen Thorvaldsen, Sebastian Wolfgang Schultz, Eva Maria Wenzel, Harald Stenmark In canonical Wnt signaling, the protein levels of the key signaling mediator β-catenin are under tight regulation by the multimeric destruction complex that mediates proteasomal degradation of β-catenin. In colorectal cancer, destruction complex activity is often compromised due to mutations in the multifunctional scaffolding protein Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC), leading to a stabilization of β-catenin. Recently, tankyrase inhibitors (TNKSi), a novel class of small molecule inhibitors, were shown to re-estab...
Source: PLoS One - August 1, 2016 Category: Biomedical Science Authors: Nina Marie Pedersen Source Type: research

The microtubule-associated protein PRC1 promotes early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in association with the Wnt/{beta}-catenin signalling pathway
Conclusions We identified PRC1 as a novel Wnt target that functions in a positive feedback loop that reinforces Wnt signalling to promote early HCC recurrence.
Source: Gut - August 8, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Chen, J., Rajasekaran, M., Xia, H., Zhang, X., Kong, S. N., Sekar, K., Seshachalam, V. P., Deivasigamani, A., Goh, B. K. P., Ooi, L. L., Hong, W., Hui, K. M. Tags: Open access, Colon cancer, Hepatic cancer Hepatology Source Type: research

Fc γRIIb-SHIP2 axis links Aβ to tau pathology by disrupting phosphoinositide metabolism in Alzheimer ' s disease model
Amyloid- β (Aβ)-containing extracellular plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau-loaded intracellular neurofibrillary tangles are neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer ' s disease (AD). Although A β exerts neuropathogenic activity through tau, the mechanistic link between Aβ and tau pathology remains unknown. Here, we showed that the FcγRIIb-SHIP2 axis is critical in Aβ1-42-induced tau pathology.Fcgr2b knockout or antagonistic Fc γRIIb antibody inhibited Aβ1-42-induced tau hyperphosphorylation and rescued memory impairments in AD mouse models. Fc γRIIb phosphorylation at Tyr273 was found in AD brains, in neuronal c...
Source: eLife - November 11, 2016 Category: Biomedical Science Tags: Alzheimer amyloid Cell biology E. coli fc gamma receptor Human Mouse Neuroscience phosphoinositide SHIP2 tau Source Type: research

Depletion of vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 is associated with increased lysosomal degradation of aquaporin-2
The carboxyl terminus of aquaporin-2 (AQP2c) undergoes posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation and ubiquitination, in the process of regulating aquaporin-2 (AQP2) translocation and protein abundance. We aimed to identify novel proteins interacting with AQP2c. Recombinant AQP2c protein was made in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells by exploiting the pET32 TrxA fusion system. Lysates of rat kidney inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) tubule suspensions interacted with rat AQP2c bound to Ni2+-resin were subjected to LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis. Potential interacting proteins were identified, including vacu...
Source: AJP: Renal Physiology - November 30, 2016 Category: Urology & Nephrology Authors: Lee, M. S., Choi, H.-J., Park, E.-J., Park, H.-J., Kwon, T.-H. Tags: ARTICLES Source Type: research

Double-stranded RNA induces cathelicidin expression in the intestinal epithelial cells through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase C ζ-Sp1 pathway and ameliorates shigellosis in mice.
This study reports novel regulatory mechanisms of cathelicidin expression that may be targeted to treat gastro-intestinal infections. PMID: 28343946 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cellular Signalling - March 24, 2017 Category: Cytology Authors: Ta A, Thakur BK, Dutta P, Sinha R, Koley H, Das S Tags: Cell Signal Source Type: research

A novel role for the Wnt inhibitor APCDD1 in adipocyte differentiation: Implications for diet-induced obesity Lipids
Impaired adipogenic differentiation during diet-induced obesity (DIO) promotes adipocyte hypertrophy and inflammation, thereby contributing to metabolic disease. Adenomatosis polyposis coli down-regulated 1 (APCDD1) has recently been identified as an inhibitor of Wnt signaling, a key regulator of adipogenic differentiation. Here we report a novel role for APCDD1 in adipogenic differentiation via repression of Wnt signaling and an epigenetic linkage between miR-130 and APCDD1 in DIO. APCDD1 expression was significantly up-regulated in mature adipocytes compared with undifferentiated preadipocytes in both human and mouse sub...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - April 14, 2017 Category: Chemistry Authors: Nicole K. H. Yiew, Tapan K. Chatterjee, Yao Liang Tang, Rod Pellenberg, Brian K. Stansfield, Zsolt Bagi, David J. Fulton, David W. Stepp, Weiqin Chen, Vijay Patel, Vinayak M. Kamath, Sheldon E. Litwin, David Y. Hui, Steven M. Rudich, Ha Won Kim, Neal L. W Tags: Cell Biology Source Type: research

UCHL1 promotes invasion of breast cancer cells through activating Akt signaling pathway
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - June 21, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Yanhong Luo, Jianfeng He, Chunlin Yang, Matthew Orange, Xingcong Ren, Nick Blair, Tao Tan, Jin ‐Ming Yang, Hua Zhu Tags: Article Source Type: research

UCH ‐L1 promotes invasion of breast cancer cells through activating Akt signaling pathway
Abstract As a de‐ubiquitin enzyme, ubiquitin C‐terminal hydrolase (UCH)‐L1 has been shown to be overexpressed in several human cancers. However, the function of UCH‐L1 in invasion of breast cancers is still unclear. Here we report that the expression of UCH‐L1 is significantly higher in cancer cells with higher invasive ability. While ectopic UCH‐L1 expression failed to alter cell proliferation in MCF‐7 cells, it caused a significant upregulation of cellular invasion. Furthermore, siRNA mediated knockdown of UCH‐L1 led to suppression of invasion in UCH‐L1 overexpressing MCF‐7 cells. In order to identify...
Source: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - July 31, 2017 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Yanhong Luo, Jianfeng He, Chunlin Yang, Matthew Orange, Xingcong Ren, Nick Blair, Tao Tan, Jin ‐Ming Yang, Hua Zhu Tags: RESEARCH ARTICLE Source Type: research

The adiponectin receptor AdipoR2 and its < i > Caenorhabditis elegans < /i > homolog PAQR-2 prevent membrane rigidification by exogenous saturated fatty acids
by Ranjan Devkota, Emma Svensk, Mario Ruiz, Marcus St åhlman, Jan Borén, Marc Pilon Dietary fatty acids can be incorporated directly into phospholipids. This poses a specific challenge to cellular membranes since their composition, hence properties, could greatly vary with different diets. That vast variations in diets are tolerated therefore implies the existence of regulatory m echanisms that monitor and regulate membrane compositions. Here we show that the adiponectin receptor AdipoR2, and itsC.elegans homolog PAQR-2, are essential to counter the membrane rigidifying effects of exogenously provided saturated fatty ac...
Source: PLoS Genetics - September 8, 2017 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Ranjan Devkota Source Type: research

MicroRNA-210-mediated proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis promote cardiac repair post myocardial infarction in rodents
AbstractAn innovative approach for cardiac regeneration following injury is to induce endogenous cardiomyocyte (CM) cell cycle re-entry. In the present study, CMs from adult rat hearts were isolated and transfected with cel-miR-67 (control) and rno-miR-210. A significant increase in CM proliferation and mono-nucleation were observed in miR-210 group, in addition to a reduction in CM size, multi-nucleation, and cell death. When compared to control, β-catenin and Bcl-2 were upregulated while APC (adenomatous polyposis coli), p16, and caspase-3 were downregulated in miR-210 group. In silico analysis predicted cell cycle inhi...
Source: Journal of Molecular Medicine - September 25, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research