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Conditioned Medium of Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells Alleviates Experimental Allergic Conjunctivitis Mainly by IL-1ra and IL-10
Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is the most prevalent form of mucosal allergy, and the conditioned medium (CM) from mesenchymal stem cells has been reported to attenuate some allergic diseases. However, the therapeutic effects of CM from different tissue stem cells (TSC-CM) on allergic diseases have not been tested. Here, we studied the effects of topical administration of different human TSC-CM on experimental AC (EAC) mice. Only human amniotic epithelial cell-CM (AECM) significantly attenuated allergic eye symptoms and reduced the infiltration of immune cells and the levels of local inflammatory factors in the conjunctiva c...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - November 22, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Training the Fetal Immune System Through Maternal Inflammation —A Layered Hygiene Hypothesis
Over the last century, the alarming surge in allergy and autoimmune disease has led to the hypothesis that decreasing exposure to microbes, which has accompanied industrialization and modern life in the Western world, has fundamentally altered the immune response. In its current iteration, the “hygiene hypothesis” suggests that reduced microbial exposures during early life restricts the production and differentiation of immune cells suited for immune regulation. Although it is now well-appreciated that the increase in hypersensitivity disorders represents a “perfect storm” of many contributing factors, we argue her...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - February 10, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

MASP-1 Increases Endothelial Permeability
This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of WMA Declaration of Helsinki with written informed consent from all subjects. All subjects gave written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol was approved by the Semmelweis University Institutional Review Board (permission number: TUKEB141/2015). Author Contributions MLD designed and performed experiments, analyzed data, and wrote the manuscript. ZN performed the bioinformatics analysis. EK, ES, and VM contributed to cellular experiments and data analysis and commented on the manuscript. FW performed the xCELLigenc...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - May 2, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: Ductile Targets in Disease
Discussion MDSCs violently emerge in pathological conditions in an attempt to limit potentially harmful immune and inflammatory responses. Mechanisms supporting their expansion and survival are deeply investigated in cancer, in the perspective to reactivate specific antitumor responses and prevent their contribution to disease evolution. These findings will likely contribute to improve the targeting of MDSCs in anticancer immunotherapies, either alone or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. New evidence indicates that the expansion of myeloid cell differentiation in pathology is subject to fine-tuning, as its...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - May 2, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Human Gut-Associated Natural Killer Cells in Health and Disease
Alessandro Poggi1*, Roberto Benelli2, Roberta Venè1, Delfina Costa1, Nicoletta Ferrari1, Francesca Tosetti1 and Maria Raffaella Zocchi3 1Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy 2Immunology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy 3Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy It is well established that natural killer (NK) cells are involved in both innate and adaptive immunity. Indeed, they can recognize molecules induced at the cell surface by stress signals...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - May 2, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Neutrophil Cytosolic Factor 1 in Dendritic Cells Promotes Autoreactive CD8+ T Cell Activation via Cross-Presentation in Type 1 Diabetes
Conclusion: ROS promote CD8+ T cell activation by facilitating autoantigen cross-presentation by DCs. ROS scavengers could potentially represent an important component of therapies aiming to disrupt autoantigen presentation and activation of CD8+ T cells in individuals at-risk for developing T1D. In Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), pancreatic β cells are attacked by a T cell mediated autoimmune response and lose their ability to produce insulin (1–3). While a number of immune cell subsets are involved throughout the development of T1D, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTLs) function as primary effectors of ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 30, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Loss-of-Function in SMAD4 Might Not Be Critical for Human Natural Killer Cell Responsiveness to TGF- β
This study was carried out in accordance with approval of the Melbourne Health and Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research's Human Research Ethics Committee (approval number: 2013.081). All subjects gave written informed consent for participation and publication. Results and Discussion TGF-β signaling in NK cells is associated with: phosphorylation in SMAD2 and 3, inhibition of IL-15-induced metabolism/proliferation, simultaneous downregulation of CD44, CD49e, and Eomes, and upregulation of CD16 and CD49a expression (7, 10). SMAD family member 4 (SMAD4) belongs to the SMAD family of transcript...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 30, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 Mediate TRAIL-Dependent Apoptosis in Activated Primary Human B Lymphocytes
In conclusion, this study provides a systematic analysis of the expression of TRAIL-Rs in human primary B cells and of their capacity to signal and induce apoptosis. This dataset forms a basis to further study and understand the dysregulation of TRAIL-Rs and TRAIL expression observed in autoimmune diseases. Additionally, it will be important to foresee potential bystander immunomodulation when TRAIL-R agonists are used in cancer treatment. Introduction The homeostasis of humoral immunity requires a tight control of generation, survival, activation and maturation of B lymphocytes. Therefore, pro-survival and pro-apo...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 29, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Blocking IL-19 Signaling Ameliorates Allergen-Induced Airway Inflammation
This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the National Institutes of Health standards and guidelines for the care and use of experimental animals. The protocol was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of National Cheng Kung University (IACUC NO. 107272 and 105077). Author Contributions J-YW and M-SC designed the study. Y-HW and Y-LL performed the experiments. Y-HW and W-YC analyzed the data. Y-HW, W-YC, and M-SC wrote the manuscript. W-YC and J-YW provided critical technical and scientific guidance and discussion. Funding This work was supported by research grant from the Ministry of Scien...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 29, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Hepatic Natural Killer Cells: Organ-Specific Sentinels of Liver Immune Homeostasis and Physiopathology
Joanna Mikulak1,2, Elena Bruni1,2, Ferdinando Oriolo1,2, Clara Di Vito1 and Domenico Mavilio1,2* 1Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy 2Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy The liver is considered a preferential tissue for NK cells residency. In humans, almost 50% of all intrahepatic lymphocytes are NK cells that are strongly imprinted in a liver-specific manner and show a broad spectrum of cellular heterogeneity. Hepatic NK (he-NK) cells play key roles in tuning liver immune response in b...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 29, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Functional Antibody Responses Following Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for TP53 Mutant pre-B-ALL in a Patient With X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia
Discussion This case demonstrates successful cure of pre-B-ALL complicating XLA by alloSCT with restoration of B-cell development and functional antibody response. We are aware of only one previous case of pre-B-ALL in an XLA patient (21), which suggests that human BTK deficiency in itself does not predispose to pre-B-ALL. However, there are data to suggest that BTK may act as a tumor suppressor, and BTK deficiency may predispose to tumor development following a “second hit.” Mice with a genetic deficiency in Slp65, a gene encoding an adaptor protein that functions together with BTK, have a block in proge...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 25, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

T Cell Receptor Expression Timing and Signal Strength in the Functional Differentiation of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells
Nyambayar Dashtsoodol1,2*, Sabrina Bortoluzzi1 and Marc Schmidt-Supprian1* 1Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar and TranslaTUM Cancer Center, Technische Universität München, München, Germany 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia The CD1d-restricted Vα14 invariant NKT (iNKT) cell lineage in mice (Vα24 in humans) represents an evolutionary conserved innate-like immune cell type that recognizes glycolipid antigens. Because of their unique a...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 25, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

The Differentiation in vitro of Human Tonsil B Cells With the Phenotypic and Functional Characteristics of T-bet+ Atypical Memory B Cells in Malaria
This study was conducted in the rural village of Kalifabougou, Mali where intense P. falciparum transmission occurs from June to December each year. Isolation of Tonsil B Cells Tonsils were mechanically disrupted in complete RPMI (RPMI 1640 with L-glutamine supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FBS, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 1% MEM nonessential amino acids, 50 μM 2-mercaptoethanol, 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 μg/ml streptomycin, and 25 mM HEPES, pH 7.2–7.5 [all from GIBCO, Invitrogen]) and passed through a 70-μm cell strainer to make a single cell suspension. B cells were then negatively selecte...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 23, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

The Impact of Hyperosmolality on Activation and Differentiation of B Lymphoid Cells
This study was carried out in accordance with the German Law on Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Euthanasia and organ preparation were approved by the local authorities (Landratsamt Erlangen-Hoechstadt, Erlangen, Germany). Author Contributions LC designed the study, planned, and performed experiments, analyzed and interpreted data and wrote the manuscript. SP designed the study, interpreted data, and edited the manuscript. JT initiated the study and supported the work. H-MJ made key suggestions, assisted in the design of experiments, interpreted data and critically reviewed the manuscript. WS designed the study, plann...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 17, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

The Emerging Epigenetic Role of CD8+T Cells in Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review
The Emerging Epigenetic Role of CD8+T Cells in Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review Qiancheng Deng1, Yangyang Luo1,2, Christopher Chang3, Haijing Wu1, Yan Ding4* and Rong Xiao1* 1Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China 2Department of Dermatology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China 3Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States 4Department of Dermatology, Hainan Provincial Dermatology Disease Hospital, Haikou, China A...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 17, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

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