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Total 442 results found since Jan 2013.
Discovery of a novel oocyte-specific Kr üppel-associated box domain-containing zinc finger protein required for early embryogenesis in cattle
Publication date: Available online 2 March 2017 Source:Mechanisms of Development Author(s): Jacqelyn M. Hand, Kun Zhang, Lei Wang, Prasanthi P. Koganti, Kristen Mastrantoni, Sandeep K. Rajput, Mohamed Ashry, George W. Smith, Jianbo Yao Zinc finger (ZNF) transcription factors interact with DNA through zinc finger motifs and play important roles in a variety of cellular functions including cell growth, proliferation, development, apoptosis, and intracellular signal transduction. One-third of ZNF proteins in metazoans contain a highly conserved N-terminal motif known as the Krüppel-associated box (KRAB) domain, which acts a...
Source: Mechanisms of Development - March 2, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Critical role of vascular peroxidase 1 in regulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase
Publication date: August 2017 Source:Redox Biology, Volume 12 Author(s): Zhaoya Liu, Yanbo Liu, Qian Xu, Haiyang Peng, Yixin Tang, Tianlun Yang, Zaixin Yu, Guangjie Cheng, Guogang Zhang, Ruizheng Shi Vascular peroxidase 1 (VPO1) is a member of the peroxidase family which aggravates oxidative stress by producing hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Our previous study demonstrated that VPO1 plays a critical role in endothelial dysfunction through dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase2 (DDAH2)/asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) pathway. Hereby we describe the regulatory role of VPO1 on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) express...
Source: Redox Biology - March 2, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Biological effects of amphiphilic copolymer nanoparticle-encapsulated multi-target chemotherapeutic drugs on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells
ConclusionThese findings provide important insight into the biological effects of nanoparticles and their encapsulated drugs while demonstrate that metabolomics is a powerful approach to evaluate the biological effects of nano-drugs.
Source: Metabolomics - March 2, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Wogonin, a plant derived small molecule, exerts potent anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects through the activation of ROS/ERK/Nrf2 signaling pathways in human Osteoarthritis chondrocytes.
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), characterized by progressive destruction of articular cartilage, is the most common form of human arthritis. Here, we evaluated the potential chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of Wogonin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, in IL-1β-stimulated human OA chondrocytes and cartilage explants. Wogonin completely suppressed the expression and production of inflammatory mediators including IL-6, COX-2, PGE2, iNOS and NO in IL-1β-stimulated OA chondrocytes. Further, Wogonin exhibits potent chondroprotective potential by switching the signaling axis of matrix degradation from cata...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - February 21, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Khan NM, Haseeb A, Ansari MY, Devarapalli P, Haynie S, Haqqi TM Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research
HcToll3 was involved in anti-Vibrio defense in freshwater pearl mussel, Hyriopsis cumingii
In this study, we identified a TLR from the freshwater pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii (HcToll3) and investigated its functions in immunity. The full-length cDNA of HcToll3 is 3852 bp and includes an open reading frame (ORF) of 3228 bp that encodes a polypeptide of 1075 amino acids. The predicted HcToll3 protein shares similar structural characteristics with other known Toll family proteins. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that HcToll3 mRNA is broadly expressed in all of the examined tissues; its transcript level was significantly up-regulated by challenge with gram-negative bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus or...
Source: Fish and Shellfish Immunology - February 15, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Loss-of-function screens of druggable targetome against cancer stem-like cells Research
In this study, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based screening of ~4800 druggable genes in 3-dimensional CSLC cultures in comparison to 2-dimensional bulk cultures of U87 glioma cells revealed 3 groups of genes essential for the following: survival of the CSLC population only, bulk-cultured population only, or both populations. While diverse biologic processes were associated with siRNAs reducing the bulk-cultured population, CSLC-eliminating siRNAs were enriched in a few functional categories, such as lipid metabolism, protein metabolism, and gene expression. Interestingly, siRNAs that selectively reduced CSLC only were fou...
Source: FASEB Journal - January 31, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Song, M., Lee, H., Nam, M.-H., Jeong, E., Kim, S., Hong, Y., Kim, N., Yim, H. Y., Yoo, Y.-J., Kim, J. S., Kim, J.-S., Cho, Y.-Y., Mills, G. B., Kim, W.-Y., Yoon, S. Tags: Research Source Type: research
siRNA ‐loaded liposomes: inhibition of encystment of Acanthamoeba and toxicity on the eye surface
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Glycogen phosphorilase, a key enzyme for encystment of Acanthamoeba,was silenced
PEGylated cationic liposomes were used as carriers for siRNA delivery
Ther was a significant reduction in the encystment of AP2 trophozoties
Source: Chemical Biology and Drug Design - January 29, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Kathrin Faber, Giovanni K. Zorzi, Nathaly T. Brazil, Marilise B. Rott, Helder F. Teixeira Tags: Research Article Source Type: research
CQ synergistically sensitizes human colorectal cancer cells to SN-38/CPT-11 through lysosomal and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway via p53-ROS cross-talk.
In this study, we found the chemotherapy agent SN-38 induced autophagy in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. However, inhibition of autophagy using a small molecular inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and ATG5 siRNA did not increase SN-38-induced cytotoxicity in CRC cells. Notably, another autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) synergistically enhanced the anti-tumor activity of SN-38 in CRC cells with wild type (WT) p53. Subsequently, we identified a potential mechanism of this cooperative interaction by showing that CQ and SN-38 acted together to trigger reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, upregulate p53 expression, elicit the ...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - January 24, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Chen P, Luo X, Nie P, Wu B, Xu W, Shi X, Chang H, Li B, Yu X, Zou Z Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research
Micromolar Levels of Sodium Fluoride Promote Osteoblast Differentiation Through Runx2 Signaling.
In this study, we characterized the effects of micromolar levels of NaF on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. NaF significantly enhanced the proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the expression of mRNAs encoding runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), Osterix, Osteopontin and Osteocalcin was up-regulated in NaF-treated MC3T3-E1 cells compared with untreated controls. Western blot analysis demonstrated that Runx2 and Osterix were inhibited by Runx2 siRNA but were re-activat...
Source: Biological Trace Element Research - January 12, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Lee M, Arikawa K, Nagahama F Tags: Biol Trace Elem Res Source Type: research
Intraluminal delivery of thrombospondin-2 small interfering RNA inhibits the vascular response to injury in a rat carotid balloon angioplasty model Research
In an effort to inhibit the response to vascular injury that leads to intimal hyperplasia, this study investigated the in vivo efficacy of intraluminal delivery of thrombospondin-2 (TSP-2) small interfering RNA (siRNA). Common carotid artery (CCA) balloon angioplasty injury was performed in rats. Immediately after denudation, CCA was transfected intraluminally (15 min) with one of the following: polyethylenimine (PEI)+TSP-2 siRNA, saline, PEI only, or PEI+control siRNA. CCA was analyzed at 24 h or 21 d by using quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. TSP-2 gene and protein expression were significantly up-regu...
Source: FASEB Journal - January 2, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Bodewes, T. C. F., Johnson, J. M., Auster, M., Huynh, C., Muralidharan, S., Contreras, M., LoGerfo, F. W., Pradhan-Nabzdyk, L. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Brd4 inhibition attenuates unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced fibrosis by blocking TGF- β-mediated Nox4 expression
In conclusion, these results indicated that the inhibition of Brd4 might protect against renal fibrosis by blocking the TGF-β-Nox4-ROS-fibrosis axis, suggesting that Brd4 could be a promising therapeutic target. Graphical abstract
Source: Redox Biology - December 30, 2016 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Autophagy regulates turnover of lipid droplets via ROS-dependent Rab25 activation in hepatic stellate cell
In this study, we sought to investigate the role of autophagy in the process of LD disappearance, and to further examine the underlying mechanisms in this molecular context. We found that LD disappearance during HSC activation was associated with a coordinate increase in autophagy. Inhibition or depletion of autophagy by Atg5 siRNA impaired LD disappearance of quiescent HSCs, and also restored lipocyte phenotype of activated HSCs. In contrast, induction of autophagy by Atg5 plasmid accelerated LD loss of quiescent HSCs. Importantly, our study also identified a crucial role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the facilitat...
Source: Redox Biology - December 21, 2016 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Parkin Deficiency Exacerbate Ethanol-Induced Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration by P38 Pathway dependent inhibition of autophagy and mitochondrial function
Publication date: Available online 8 December 2016 Source:Redox Biology Author(s): Chul Ju Hwang, Young Eun Kim, Dong Ju Son, Mi Hee Park, Dong-Young Choi, Pil-Hoon Park, Sang-Bae Han, Ki-Wan Oh, Jin Tae Hong Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Parkin (which encoded by Park2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is the most frequently mutated gene that has casually been linked to autosomal recessive early onset familial PD. We tested the effect of Park2 on ethanol-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Park2 knockout (KO) t...
Source: Redox Biology - December 7, 2016 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Intact mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniport is essential for agonist-induced activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS).
The objective of this study was to verify whether or not mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake influences Ca(2+)-triggered NO(•) generation by endothelial NO(•) synthase (eNOS) in an immortalized endothelial cell line (EA.hy926), respective primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and eNOS-RFP (red fluorescent protein) expressing human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. We used novel genetically encoded fluorescent NO(•) probes, the geNOps, and Ca(2+) sensors to monitor single cell NO(•) and Ca(2+) dynamics upon cell treatment with ATP, an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-generating agonist. Mitochondrial Ca(2...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - December 2, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Charoensin S, Eroglu E, Opelt M, Bischof H, Madreiter-Sokolowski CT, Kirsch A, Depaoli MR, Frank S, Schrammel A, Mayer B, Waldeck-Weiermair M, Graier WF, Malli R Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research
SIRT1 regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced CD40 expression in renal medullary collecting duct cells by suppressing the TLR4-NF- κB signaling pathway
Publication date: Available online 1 December 2016 Source:Life Sciences Author(s): Qin-qin Lin, Yuan-wen Geng, Zhong-wei Jiang, Zhen-jun Tian Aims Recent evidence indicates that sirtuin1 (SIRT1), a NAD+-dependent deacetylase, exerts a protective effect against inflammatory kidney injury by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines production. The co-stimulatory molecule, CD40, is expressed in a variety of inflammatory diseases in the kidney. Here, we aimed to investigate the potential effect of SIRT1 on CD40 expression induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to disclose the underlying mechanisms in renal inner medullary coll...
Source: Life Sciences - November 30, 2016 Category: Biology Source Type: research
