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Schmallenberg virus: a systematic international literature review (2011-2019) from an Irish perspective
AbstractIn Autumn 2011, nonspecific clinical signs of pyrexia, diarrhoea, and drop in milk yield were observed in dairy cattle near the German town of Schmallenberg at the Dutch/German border. Targeted veterinary diagnostic investigations for classical endemic and emerging viruses could not identify a causal agent. Blood samples were collected from animals with clinical signs and subjected to metagenomic analysis; a novel orthobunyavirus was identified and named Schmallenberg virus (SBV). In late 2011/early 2012, an epidemic of abortions and congenital malformations in calves, lambs and goat kids, characterised by arthrogr...
Source: Irish Veterinary Journal - October 8, 2019 Category: Veterinary Research Source Type: research

Expanding Research Capacity in Sub-Saharan Africa Through Informatics, Bioinformatics, and Data Science Training Programs in Mali
Conclusion Bioinformatics and data science training programs in developing countries necessitate incremental and collaborative strategies for their feasible and sustainable development. The progress described here covered decades of collaborative efforts centered on training and research on computationally intensive topics. These efforts laid the groundwork and platforms conducive for hosting a bioinformatics and data science training program in Mali. Training programs are perhaps best facilitated through Africa’s university systems as they are perhaps best positioned to maintain core resources during lapses in sho...
Source: Frontiers in Genetics - April 11, 2019 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research

Fewer Scientists Are Studying Insects. Here ’s Why That’s So Dangerous
In the summer of 2016, Jerome Goddard, a medical entomologist in Mississippi, received an email from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) with a desperate ask. The agency was conducting an “urgent” search for insect scientists around the U.S. who could take up to a six-month paid leave from work to help the CDC fight the Zika outbreak in the U.S., and possibly respond to areas with local transmission if needed. “That’s how bad it is—they need to borrow someone,” says Goddard, an extension professor of medical entomology at Mississippi State University. “We can&...
Source: TIME: Health - February 14, 2018 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Alexandra Sifferlin Tags: Uncategorized healthytime public health Source Type: news

Tracking Trachoma: How The Gambia Is Eliminating an Ancient Disease
PDF Version (4.5 MB) About This Article About This Article Supplemental Material Published: 11 December 2017 Note to readers with disabilities: EHP strives to ensure that all journal content is accessible to all readers. However, some figures and Supplemental Material published in EHP articles may not conform to 508 standards due to the complexity of the information being presented. If you need assistance accessing journal content, please contact ehponline@niehs.nih.gov. Our staff will work with you to assess and meet your accessibility needs within 3 working days. Published: 11 December 2017 Note to reade...
Source: EHP Research - December 12, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Focus Source Type: research

Assessment of the Probability of Autochthonous Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Canada under Recent and Projected Climate Change
This study identifies that southern Canada may be the very northern limit for transmission of these pathogens with climate change. Other factors need to be explored however, which include understanding when and where Canadian travelers are likely to return, infrastructure in Canada that may support vector populations in what would be expected to be climatically unsuitable regions, and whether or not there are other competent vectors in Canada. Further research to close the gap on our current understanding of CHIKV and CHIKV vectors, improved surveillance on Ae. albopictus in North America, and enhanced climate projection m...
Source: EHP Research - June 5, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Web Admin Tags: Research Source Type: research

High relative abundance of the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans is associated with lumpy skin disease outbreaks in Israeli dairy farms
Abstract The vector of lumpy skin disease (LSD), a viral disease affecting Bovidae, is currently unknown. To evaluate the possible vector of LSD virus (LSDV) under field conditions, a yearlong trapping of dipterans was conducted in dairy farms that had been affected by LSD, 1‐2 years previously. This was done in order to calculate monthly relative abundances of each dipteran in each farm throughout the year. The relative abundances of Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) in the months parallel to the outbreaks (December and April) were significantly higher than those of other dipterans. A stable fly population model b...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - November 30, 2016 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: E. KAHANA ‐SUTIN, E. KLEMENT, I. LENSKY, Y. GOTTLIEB Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Rickettsia (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) Vector Biodiversity in High Altitude Atlantic Forest Fragments Within a Semiarid Climate: A New Endemic Area of Spotted-Fever in Brazil
This study reports, for the first time, evidence of infection with Rickettsia sp. strain Atlantic rainforest in A. ovale and R. sanguineus in Ceará, and Ca. R. andeanae in an Atlantic rainforest environment of Brazil.
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - November 11, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Moerbeck, L., Vizzoni, V. F., Machado-Ferreira, E., Cavalcante, R. C., Oliveira, S. V., Soares, C. A. G., Amorim, M., Gazeta, G. S. Tags: Vector-Borne Diseases, Surveillance, Prevention Source Type: research

Vector Surveillance for Dengue Virus Detection in the Archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil
This study aimed to monitor the DENV serotypes in mosquito samples collected in FN, where at least one resident was clinically diagnosed as dengue patient. Entomological surveillance was conducted in 2011 and 2012. Mosquitoes were sorted by sex and location and were stored in pools. DENV detection was performed using polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription (RT-PCR) and the Platelia Dengue NS1 Ag. RNA integrity was checked by RT-PCR using rpL8 primers, and the minimum infection rate (MIR) was calculated. In total, 339 pools were analyzed, and only one was positive (DENV-1) by Multiplex RT-PCR (MIR = 1.53). When...
Source: Journal of Medical Entomology - May 19, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Barbosa, P. P., Guedes, D. R. D., Melo-Santos, M. A. V., Cordeiro, M. T., Acioli, R. V., Batista, C. A. V., Goncalves, L. S. M., Souza, M. F. M., Araujo, Y. V., Magalhaes, F. J. R., Regis, L., Ayres, C. F. J. Tags: Vector-Borne Diseases, Surveillance, Prevention Source Type: research

Principal climatic and edaphic determinants of Culicoides biting midge abundance during the 2007–2008 bluetongue epidemic in the Netherlands, based on OVI light trap data
Abstract Palaearctic Culicoides midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) represent a vital link in the northward advance of certain arboviral pathogens of livestock such as that caused by bluetongue virus. The effects of relevant ecological factors on weekly Culicoides vector abundances during the bluetongue virus serotype 8 epidemics in the Netherlands in 2007 and 2008 were quantified within a hurdle modelling framework. The relative role of meteorological parameters showed a broadly consistent association across species, with larger catches linked to temperature‐related variables and lower wind speed. Moreover, vector abundan...
Source: Medical and Veterinary Entomology - September 1, 2013 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: F. SCOLAMACCHIA, J. VAN DEN BROEK, R. MEISWINKEL, J. A. P. HEESTERBEEK, A. R. W. ELBERS Tags: Original Article Source Type: research