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Ethics of tobacco harm reduction from a liberal perspective
Mixed evidence on the possible harms, benefits and usage patterns of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS, or ‘e-cigarettes’), has led to vigorous and ongoing debates on the issue. The ethical trade-off often represented is that, though smokers should be permitted access to ENDS as a less harmful alternative to smoking, this comes at the expense of non-smokers and children who may experiment with ENDS, become addicted to them, or experience health issues from long-term exposure to passive ENDS vapour. Lacking from many debates is a balanced analysis based on sound ethical reasoning, so this paper aims to ...
Source: Journal of Medical Ethics - April 24, 2016 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: van der Eijk, Y. Tags: Cardiovascular medicine, Smoking and tobacco, Child health, Health education, Smoking Mini-Symposium: Regulating smoking Source Type: research
Double standards and arguments for tobacco regulation
Several ethicists recently defended regulations that aim to reduce the harm associated with nicotine and tobacco use. Halliday argues for smoking licences.1 van der Eijk endorses strict limits on access to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS)2 and Grill and Voigt defend a complete ban on the sale of cigarettes.3 These proposals are supported by principles that are widely shared by public health officials and many philosophers. For example, Goodin,4 Conly,5 Proctor,6 Hooper and Agule7 and Wilson8 all express support for smoking bans or cigarette taxes. It is uncontroversial that smoking is a very unhealthy practice. ...
Source: Journal of Medical Ethics - April 24, 2016 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Flanigan, J. Tags: Cardiovascular medicine, Smoking and tobacco, Health education, Smoking Mini-Symposium: Regulating smoking Source Type: research
The Profile of Academic Offenders: Features of Students Who Admit to Academic Dishonesty.
Authors: Korn L, Davidovitch N
Abstract
Dishonesty in academic settings is a reckless behavior that is unique to students and is associated with cheat ing and plagiarism of academic tasks. Incidents involving dishonesty in higher education have increased considerably in the past decade, with regard to the extent of these practices, the types of dishonesty employed, and their prevalence. The current study examines the profile of "academic offenders". Which types are more prone to commit academic offenses? To what degree are they "normative" and do they represent the average student with regard to personal trai...
Source: Medical Science Monitor - August 31, 2016 Category: Research Tags: Med Sci Monit Source Type: research
Prevalence of Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) to Vape Recreational Drugs by Club Patrons in South London.
CONCLUSION: 5.9 % of individuals in this sample reported using ENDS to vape substances other than nicotine. Further work is required in larger populations to determine how common this is, evaluate which agents are being vaped and to inform appropriate public education.
PMID: 27599520 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Medical Toxicology - September 5, 2016 Category: Toxicology Authors: Thurtle N, Abouchedid R, Archer JR, Ho J, Yamamoto T, Dargan PI, Wood DM Tags: J Med Toxicol Source Type: research
Knowledge of doctors about smoking risks and their attitude toward it's cessation in antenatal clinics
Conclusion: Although few basic misconceptions were seen doctors had considerably good knowledge regarding smoking risks and methods of smoking cessation. Despite of good intentions they lack skills to educate women against it. There is dire need of training doctors and evaluating hospital policies regarding smoking prohibition.
Source: European Respiratory Journal - November 7, 2016 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Akhter, S., Ghazal, S., Warraich, U. A. Tags: 6.3 Tobacco, Smoking Control and Health Education Source Type: research
Addressing Adolescent Oral Health: A Review
Oral health is one of the most unmet health care needs of adolescents. Oral disease can have a profound effect on overall health, including pain, missed school, heart disease, and even death. Adolescents have specific needs pertaining to oral health in addition to the usual lifelong issues of caries management, sports injury prevention, and dental referrals. Teen years are a higher risk time for oral piercings, increased sugar intake, nicotine initiation, and orthodontic considerations. Adolescents need a unique approach to motivate them about their oral health issues. This is particularly important because lifelong health...
Source: Pediatrics in Review - January 31, 2017 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Silk, H., Kwok, A. Tags: Medical Education, Journal CME, Dentistry/Oral Health, Adolescent Health/Medicine Articles Source Type: research
Smokers’ perceptions of sources of advice about quitting: findings from the Australian arm of the ITC 4-country survey
<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div>Smokers are exposed to advice about quitting from numerous sources. Within the 2013 ITC 4-Country Survey, 1211 Australian smokers or recent ex-smokers rated the perceived importance of eight sources of advice, categorized into evidence-based, non evidence-based, personal experience and vicarious experience (two items each), and also rated their intention to quit, nicotine dependence, use of quit medication, health concerns and harm beliefs. The eight items were all positively correlated. Respondents who placed greater importance on their e...
Source: Health Education Research - February 27, 2017 Category: Research Source Type: research
Perceived harms and benefits of tobacco, marijuana, and electronic vaporizers among young adults in Colorado: Implications for health education and research
ConclusionsAmong young adults in Colorado, USA, perceived harms and benefits of tobacco and marijuana include multiple dimensions. Health educational campaigns could benefit from addressing these dimensions, such as the potency of nicotine and cannabis concentrates and harmful chemicals present in the organic material of tobacco and marijuana. Descriptors such as “natural” and “pure” in the promotion or packaging of tobacco and marijuana products might be misleading.
Source: Addiction - April 27, 2017 Category: Addiction Authors: Lucy Popova, Emily Anne McDonald, Sohrab Sidhu, Rachel Barry, Tracey A. Richers Maruyama, Nicolas M. Sheon, Pamela M. Ling Tags: Research Report Source Type: research
Associations with resident physicians' early adoption of electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation
Conclusions
Few residents report recommending electronic cigarettes to patients who smoke. These residents consider the electronic cigarette less addicting than traditional cigarettes, supporting harm reduction strategies over strict abstinence. Most residents require further evidence-based education on efficacy and long-term safety of electronic cigarettes before recommending to their patients.
Source: Postgraduate Medical Journal - May 25, 2017 Category: General Medicine Authors: Egnot, E., Jordan, K., Elliott, J. O. Tags: Journalology Original article Source Type: research
Neutralising fair credit: factors that influence unethical authorship practices
This study experimentally tests whether the techniques of neutralisation as identified in the criminal justice literature influence graduate student willingness to engage in questionable research practices (QRPs). Our results indicate that US-born graduate students are more willing to add an undeserved coauthor if the person who requests it is a faculty member in the student's department as opposed to a fellow student. Students are most likely to add an undeserving author if a faculty member is also their advisor. In addition, four techniques of neutralisation, ‘diffusion of responsibility’, ‘defence of n...
Source: Journal of Medical Ethics - May 26, 2017 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Trinkle, B. S., Phillips, T., Hall, A., Moffatt, B. Tags: Clinical ethics Source Type: research
FDA to expand public education campaign to focus on prevention of youth e-cigarette use
Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced it would pursue a strategic, new public health education campaign aimed at discouraging the use of e-cigarettes and other electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) by kids. The agency plans to expand its “The Real Cost” public education campaign to include messaging to teens about the dangers of using these products this fall while developing a full-scale campaign to launch in 2018. These efforts are part of the agency’s new comprehensive plan for tobacco and nicotine regulation, as well as on going efforts to educate youth about, and protect them from, the dan...
Source: Food and Drug Administration - August 8, 2017 Category: American Health Source Type: news
Factors associated with cessation of smoking among Swiss adults between 1991 and 2011: results from the SAPALDIA cohort.
CONCLUSIONS: Prospective tobacco control policies in Switzerland should be addressed to women, younger persons and persons of lower education.
PMID: 29039624 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Swiss Medical Weekly - October 17, 2017 Category: General Medicine Authors: Ayala-Bernal D, Probst-Hensch N, Rochat T, Bettschart R, Brändli O, Bridevaux PO, Burdet L, Frey M, Gerbase M, Pons M, Rothe T, Stolz D, Tschopp JM, Turk A, Künzli N, Schindler C Tags: Swiss Med Wkly Source Type: research
The feasibility of an air purifier and secondhand smoke education intervention in homes of inner city pregnant women and infants living with a smoker.
CONCLUSIONS: Air purifiers with SHS education is a feasible intervention in homes of women and infants. These data demonstrate reduction in indoor PM2.5 and salivary cotinine in non-smoking adults. Air purifiers are not an alternative for smoking cessation and a home/ car smoking ban. Smoking cessation should be strongly encouraged for all pregnant women, and nonsmoking mothers with infants should be counseled to completely avoid SHS exposure. This study provides support for a future intervention evaluating clinical endpoints.
PMID: 29089103 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Environmental Research - October 29, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Rice JL, Brigham E, Dineen R, Muqueeth S, O'Keefe G, Regenold S, Koehler K, Rule A, McCormack M, Hansel NN, Diette GB Tags: Environ Res Source Type: research
Evaluation of a central hospital smoking cessation program: an 8-year retrospective study
Conclusions: the majority of patients with adherence to the program succeeded in quitting smoking, suggesting its effectiveness. The high number of patients who dropped out the program or weren’t motivated to quit is probably associated with inadequate referral from other healthcare professionals.
Source: European Respiratory Journal - December 6, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Vicente De Carvalho, J. S., Oliveira, I., Alves Santos, A., Ribeiro, I., Campanha, R., Fradinho, M., Guimaraes, C., Matos, C., Nogueira, F. Tags: Tobacco, Smoking Control and Health Education Source Type: research
Medical treatment effectiveness in smoking cessation
Conclusion: Among the available medications for the smoking cessation the patients most frequently chose Tabex. The price of the drug but also the fact that it’s a new drug on the market contributed to this result. The probability of the successfulness depends on the particular medications program, gender and Fagerstrom.
Source: European Respiratory Journal - December 6, 2017 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Pesic, I., Gvozdenovic, B., Bulajic Subotic, B., Zugic, V., Lazovic, N. Tags: Tobacco, Smoking Control and Health Education Source Type: research
