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Involvement of apoptosis inhibitor of macrophages in a rat hypertension model with nephrosclerosis: possible mechanisms of action of olmesartan and azelnidipine.
Abstract Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHRsp) rats develop severe hypertension resulting in renal injury. We investigated apoptosis inhibitor of macrophages (AIM) expression in nephrosclerotic rats and the involvement of AIM in olmesartan (OLM)- and azelnidipine (AZN)-induced decreases in the number of macrophages infiltrating the kidney. We randomly assigned 20-week-old male SHRsp rats to receive one of the following substances every day for 12 weeks: water (vehicle), hydralazine (HYD), OLM, or AZN. Renal damage was assessed by Masson trichrome staining. Expressions of ED-1, AIM, and oxidized low-densi...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - August 3, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Uramatsu T, Nishino T, Obata Y, Sato Y, Furusu A, Koji T, Miyazaki T, Kohno S Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: research

A Randomized Pilot Study of Aortic Waveform Guided Therapy in Chronic Heart Failure Heart Failure
Conclusions Maximization of goal-directed medical therapy in heart failure patients may enhance afterload reduction and lead to reverse remodeling, while additional medicine titration based upon aortic pressure data improves exercise capacity in patients with heart failure.
Source: JAHA:Journal of the American Heart Association - March 20, 2014 Category: Cardiology Authors: Borlaug, B. A., Olson, T. P., Abdelmoneim Mohamed, S., Melenovsky, V., Sorrell, V. L., Noonan, K., Lin, G., Redfield, M. M. Tags: Heart Failure Source Type: research

Oral antihypertensive therapy for severe hypertension in pregnancy and postpartum: a systematic review
ConclusionsOral nifedipine, and possibly labetalol and methyldopa, are suitable options for treatment of severe hypertension in pregnancy/postpartum.
Source: BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology - May 16, 2014 Category: OBGYN Authors: T Firoz, LA Magee, K MacDonell, BA Payne, R Gordon, M Vidler, P Dadelszen, Tags: Systematic Review Source Type: research

Oral antihypertensive therapy for severe hypertension in pregnancy and postpartum: a systematic review.
CONCLUSIONS: Oral nifedipine, and possibly labetalol and methyldopa, are suitable options for treatment of severe hypertension in pregnancy/postpartum. PMID: 24832366 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: BJOG : An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology - May 16, 2014 Category: OBGYN Authors: Firoz T, Magee L, MacDonell K, Payne B, Gordon R, Vidler M, von Dadelszen P, the Community Level Interventions for Pre-eclampsia (CLIP) Working Group Tags: BJOG Source Type: research

Brain Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockade Improves Dairy Blood Pressure Variability via Sympathoinhibition in Hypertensive Rats.
Authors: Kishi T, Hirooka Y, Sunagawa K Abstract Abnormal blood pressure (BP) elevation in early morning is known to cause cardiovascular events. Previous studies have suggested that one of the reasons in abnormal dairy BP variability is sympathoexcitation. We have demonstrated that brain angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) causes sympathoexcitation. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether central AT1R blockade attenuates the excess BP elevation in rest-to-active phase in hypertensive rats or not. Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) were treated with intracerebroventricular infusi...
Source: International Journal of Hypertension - May 2, 2015 Category: Cardiology Tags: Int J Hypertens Source Type: research

Metabolic syndrome impairs reactivity and wall mechanics of cerebral resistance arteries in obese zucker rats.
This study determined the structural and functional changes to the middle cerebral arteries (MCA) during the progression of MetS, and the effects of chronic pharmacological interventions on mitigating vascular alterations in obese Zucker rats (OZR), a translationally-relevant model of MetS. The reactivity and wall mechanics of ex vivo pressurized MCA from lean Zucker rats (LZR) and OZR was determined at 7-8, 12-13 and 16-17 weeks of age under control conditions and following chronic treatment with pharmacological agents targeting specific systemic pathologies. With increasing age, control OZR demonstrated reduced nitric ox...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - October 16, 2015 Category: Physiology Authors: Brooks SD, DeVallance E, d'Audiffret AC, Frisbee SJ, Tabone LE, Shrader CD, Frisbee JC, Chantler PD Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research

Metabolic syndrome impairs reactivity and wall mechanics of cerebral resistance arteries in obese Zucker rats
This study determined the structural and functional changes in the middle cerebral arteries (MCA) during the progression of MetS and the effects of chronic pharmacological interventions on mitigating vascular alterations in obese Zucker rats (OZR), a translationally relevant model of MetS. The reactivity and wall mechanics of ex vivo pressurized MCA from lean Zucker rats (LZR) and OZR were determined at 7–8, 12–13, and 16–17 wk of age under control conditions and following chronic treatment with pharmacological agents targeting specific systemic pathologies. With increasing age, control OZR demonstrated r...
Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology - December 1, 2015 Category: Cardiology Authors: Brooks, S. D., DeVallance, E., d'Audiffret, A. C., Frisbee, S. J., Tabone, L. E., Shrader, C. D., Frisbee, J. C., Chantler, P. D. Tags: CALL FOR PAPERS Source Type: research

Committee Opinion No. 692: Emergent Therapy for Acute-Onset, Severe Hypertension During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period.
Authors: Abstract Acute-onset, severe systolic hypertension; severe diastolic hypertension; or both can occur during the prenatal, intrapartum, or postpartum periods. Pregnant women or women in the postpartum period with acute-onset, severe systolic hypertension; severe diastolic hypertension; or both require urgent antihypertensive therapy. Introducing standardized, evidence-based clinical guidelines for the management of patients with preeclampsia and eclampsia has been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of adverse maternal outcomes. Individuals and institutions should have mechanisms in place to initiate the...
Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology - March 25, 2017 Category: OBGYN Tags: Obstet Gynecol Source Type: research

Committee Opinion No. 692 Summary: Emergent Therapy for Acute-Onset, Severe Hypertension During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period.
Authors: Abstract Acute-onset, severe systolic hypertension; severe diastolic hypertension; or both can occur during the prenatal, intrapartum, or postpartum periods. Pregnant women or women in the postpartum period with acute-onset, severe systolic hypertension; severe diastolic hypertension; or both require urgent antihypertensive therapy. Introducing standardized, evidence-based clinical guidelines for the management of patients with preeclampsia and eclampsia has been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of adverse maternal outcomes. Individuals and institutions should have mechanisms in place to initiate the...
Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology - March 25, 2017 Category: OBGYN Tags: Obstet Gynecol Source Type: research

Postpartum Hypertension: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management
Conclusions and Relevance: Providers must be aware of the risks associated with postpartum hypertension and educate women about the symptoms of postpartum preeclampsia. Severe acute hypertension should be treated in a timely fashion to avoid morbidity and mortality. Women with persistent postpartum hypertension should be administered a long-acting antihypertensive agent. Target Audience: Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians. Learning Objectives: After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to assist patients and providers in identifying postpartum hypertension; provide a framework for t...
Source: Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey - April 1, 2017 Category: OBGYN Tags: CME Articles Source Type: research

To study the impact of chronic vasodilator therapy on perihematomal edema in primary intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) (P2.259)
Conclusions:Though limited by small sample size, this retro spective study suggests that chronic vasodilator therapy may serve to prevent worsening cerebral edema. This is a tantalizing finding that, if confirmed, could lead to potential pharmacological interventions for patients with ICH. Further prospective studies evaluating the effect of vasodilators in this patient population will be required.Disclosure: Dr. Singh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Albright has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pennington has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gupta has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shapshak has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 17, 2017 Category: Neurology Authors: Singh, M., Albright, K., Pennington, A., Gupta, S., Shapshak, A. H. Tags: Intracerebral Hemorrhage Source Type: research

Combination of Hydralazine and Isosorbide-Dinitrate in the Treatment of Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction.
Authors: Nyolczas N, Dékány M, Muk B, Szabó B Abstract The use of direct acting vasodilators (the combination of hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate -Hy+ISDN-) in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is supported by evidence, but rarely used.However, treatment with Hy+ISDN is guideline-recommended for HFrEF patients who cannot receive either angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers due to intolerance or contraindication, and in self-identified African-American HFrEF patients who are symptomatic despite optimal neurohumoral therapy.The Hy+ISDN combination has arte...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - November 2, 2017 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

A Pregnancy Complication to Look out for even after Pregnancy
​BY GREGORY TAYLOR, DO, & SHERIF G. EL-ALAYLI, DOA 30-year-old G5P3 presented to the ED with bilateral lower-extremity edema and headache for three days. She presented one week after an uncomplicated full-term vaginal delivery with an unremarkable pregnancy course and no prior requirement for antihypertensive therapy. The headache was described as achy to sharp, with associated photophobia. She also noted occasional vaginal spotting, which was common a few weeks after delivery. She denied any chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea or vomiting, abdominal pain, or any other symptoms. She admitted to occasional mild cr...
Source: The Case Files - August 28, 2018 Category: Emergency Medicine Tags: Blog Posts Source Type: research

ACOG Committee Opinion No. 767: Emergent Therapy for Acute-Onset, Severe Hypertension During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period.
Authors: Abstract Acute-onset, severe systolic hypertension; severe diastolic hypertension; or both can occur during the prenatal, intrapartum, or postpartum periods. Pregnant women or women in the postpartum period with acute-onset, severe systolic hypertension; severe diastolic hypertension; or both require urgent antihypertensive therapy. Introducing standardized, evidence-based clinical guidelines for the management of patients with preeclampsia and eclampsia has been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of adverse maternal outcomes. Individuals and institutions should have mechanisms in place to initiate the...
Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology - December 19, 2018 Category: OBGYN Tags: Obstet Gynecol Source Type: research

ACOG Committee Opinion No. 767 Summary: Emergent Therapy for Acute-Onset, Severe Hypertension During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period.
Authors: Abstract Acute-onset, severe systolic hypertension; severe diastolic hypertension; or both can occur during the prenatal, intrapartum, or postpartum periods. Pregnant women or women in the postpartum period with acute-onset, severe systolic hypertension; severe diastolic hypertension; or both require urgent antihypertensive therapy. Introducing standardized, evidence-based clinical guidelines for the management of patients with preeclampsia and eclampsia has been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of adverse maternal outcomes. Individuals and institutions should have mechanisms in place to initiate the...
Source: Obstetrics and Gynecology - January 27, 2019 Category: OBGYN Tags: Obstet Gynecol Source Type: research

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