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Effects of Neurotrophic Factors in Glial Cells in the Central Nervous System: Expression and Properties in Neurodegeneration and Injury
Conclusion and Future Aspects This review summarizes available NTF expression data, compiles existing evidence on the effects of glial NTF signaling in healthy conditions and in disease models (Figure 1), and highlights the importance of this topic for future studies. The relationship between NTFs and glia is crucial for both the developing and adult brain. While some of these factors, such as NT-3 and CNTF, have highly potent effects on gliogenesis, others like BDNF and GDNF, are important for glia-mediated synapse formation. Neurotrophic factors play significant roles during neurodegenerative disorders. In many cases, ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 25, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Neuromuscular and Muscle Metabolic Functions in MELAS Before and After Resistance Training: A Case Study
Conclusion To conclude, this study suggests a preserved plasticity in the skeletal muscle of a patient with MELAS. More importantly, Resistance Training appears to be a safe and effective method to increase skeletal muscle function in this patient population, and this effect is mediated by both neuromuscular and mitochondrial adaptations. However, particular attention and caution is needed in the interpretation of the data of this single case study and further studies are warranted including larger sample of patients. Ethics Statement For this case study the participant caregiver provided written informed consent. Auth...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - April 25, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Relationship between motor performance and cortical activity of older neurological disorder patients with dyskinesia using fNIRS: A systematic review
Conclusion: Most of the reviewed studies reported poor motor performance and increased cortical activation of PD, stroke and multiple sclerosis older patients. The external motor performance such as step speed were analyzed only. The design and results were not comprehensive and profound. More than 5 weeks walking training or physiotherapy can contribute to motor function promotion as well as cortices activation of PD and stroke patients. Thus, further study is needed for more statistical analysis on the relationship between motor performance and activation of the motor-related cortex. More different type and program spor...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - March 27, 2023 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

The CNS under pathophysiologic attack-examining the role of K2P channels.
Abstract Members of the two-pore domain K(+) channel (K2P) family are increasingly recognized as being potential targets for therapeutic drugs and could play a role in the diagnosis and treatment of neurologic disorders. Their broad and diverse expression pattern in pleiotropic cell types, importance in cellular function, unique biophysical properties, and sensitivity toward pathophysiologic parameters represent the basis for their involvement in disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). This review will focus on multiple sclerosis (MS) and stroke, as there is growing evidence for the involvement of K2P chann...
Source: Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology - December 9, 2014 Category: Physiology Authors: Ehling P, Cerina M, Budde T, Meuth SG, Bittner S Tags: Pflugers Arch Source Type: research

Metaboreflex activity in multiple sclerosis patients
Conclusion It was concluded that MS patients have an impaired capacity to increase stroke volume (SV) in response to low level metaboreflex, even if they could sustain the MBP response by vasoconstriction. This was probably a consequence of their chronic physical de-conditioning.
Source: European Journal of Applied Physiology - October 1, 2015 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

A single, clinically relevant dose of the GABAB agonist baclofen impairs visuomotor learning.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 33085094 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: The Journal of Physiology - October 21, 2020 Category: Physiology Authors: Johnstone A, Grigoras I, Petitet P, Capitão LP, Stagg CJ Tags: J Physiol Source Type: research

Barrier function in the peripheral and central nervous system-a review.
Abstract The peripheral (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS) are delicate structures, highly sensitive to homeostatic changes-and crucial for basic vital functions. Thus, a selection of barriers ensures the protection of the nervous system from noxious blood-borne or surrounding stimuli. In this chapter, anatomy and functioning of the blood-nerve (BNB), the blood-brain (BBB), and the blood-spinal cord barriers (BSCB) are presented and the key tight junction (TJ) proteins described: claudin-1, claudin-3, claudin-5, claudin-11, claudin-12, claudin-19, occludin, Zona occludens-1 (ZO-1), and tricellulin are by now i...
Source: Pflugers Archiv : European Journal of Physiology - December 11, 2016 Category: Physiology Authors: Reinhold AK, Rittner HL Tags: Pflugers Arch Source Type: research

miR-149 reduces while let-7 elevates ASIC1a expression in vitro.
Authors: Jiang YQ, Zha XM Abstract Acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) is the key subunit that determines acid-activated currents in neurons. ASIC1a is important for neural plasticity, learning, and for multiple neurological diseases, including stroke, multiple sclerosis, and traumatic injuries. These findings underline the importance for better defining mechanisms that regulate ASIC1a expression. During the past decade, microRNA has emerged as one important group of regulatory molecules in controlling protein expression. However, little is known about whether microRNA regulates ASIC1a. Here, we assessed several m...
Source: International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology - December 7, 2017 Category: Physiology Tags: Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Potentially Common Therapeutic Targets for Multiple Sclerosis and Ischemic Stroke
Roberto Patern ò, Jean-Marc Chillon
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - July 13, 2018 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back.
Abstract The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents neurotoxic plasma components, blood cells, and pathogens from entering the brain. At the same time, the BBB regulates transport of molecules into and out of the central nervous system (CNS), which maintains tightly controlled chemical composition of the neuronal milieu that is required for proper neuronal functioning. In this review, we first examine molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the establishment of the BBB. Then, we focus on BBB transport physiology, endothelial and pericyte transporters, and perivascular and paravascular transport. Next, we discuss ...
Source: Physiological Reviews - October 4, 2018 Category: Physiology Authors: Sweeney MD, Zhao Z, Montagne A, Nelson AR, Zlokovic BV Tags: Physiol Rev Source Type: research

The Potential of Stem Cell Therapy to Repair White Matter Injury in Preterm Infants: Lessons Learned From Experimental Models
Diffuse white matter injury (dWMI) is a major cause of morbidity in the extremely preterm born infant leading to life-long neurological impairments, including deficits in cognitive, motor, sensory, psychological and behavioral functioning. At present, no treatment options are clinically available to combat dWMI and therefore exploring novel strategies is urgently needed. In recent years, the pathophysiology underlying dWMI has slowly started to be unraveled, pointing towards the disturbed maturation of oligodendrocytes (OLs) as a key mechanism. Immature OL precursor cells in the developing brain are believed to be highly s...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - May 8, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Use of a physiological profile to document upper limb motor impairment in ageing and in neurological conditions
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.PMID:36271625 | DOI:10.1113/JP283703
Source: The Journal of Physiology - October 22, 2022 Category: Physiology Authors: Lewis A Ingram Annie A Butler Stephen R Lord Simon C Gandevia Source Type: research