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The extracellular matrix as modifier of neuroinflammation and recovery in ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage
Neurobiol Dis. 2023 Sep 6:106282. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106282. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTStroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and has two major subtypes: ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. Neuroinflammation is a pathological hallmark of ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), contributing to the extent of brain injury but also in its repair. Neuroinflammation is intricately linked to the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is profoundly altered after brain injury and in aging. In the early stages after ischemic stroke and ICH, immune cells are involved in the deposition and remodeling...
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - September 8, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Hongmin Li Samira Ghorbani Chang-Chun Ling V Wee Yong Mengzhou Xue Source Type: research

The NG2-glia is a potential target to maintain the integrity of neurovascular unit after acute ischemic stroke
Neurobiol Dis. 2023 Mar 13:106076. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106076. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe neurovascular unit (NVU) plays a critical role in health and disease. In the current review, we discuss the critical role of a class of neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2)-expressing glial cells (NG2-glia) in regulating NVU after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We first introduce the role of NG2-glia in the formation of NVU during development as well as aging-induced damage to NVU and accompanying NG2-glia change. We then discuss the reciprocal interactions between NG2-glia and the other component cells of NVU, emphasizing the factor...
Source: Neurobiology of Disease - March 15, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Xiaoyan Hu Panpan Geng Xiaoyun Zhao Qian Wang Changqing Liu Chun Guo Wen Dong Xinchun Jin Source Type: research

Alpha-Asarone Ameliorates Neurological Dysfunction of Subarachnoid Hemorrhagic Rats in Both Acute and Recovery Phases via Regulating the CaMKII-Dependent Pathways
AbstractEarly brain injury (EBI) is the leading cause of poor prognosis for patients suffering from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), particularly learning and memory deficits in the repair phase. A recent report has involved calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in the pathophysiological process underlying SAH-induced EBI. Alpha-asarone (ASA), a major compound isolated from the Chinese medicinal herbAcorus tatarinowii Schott, was proven to reduce secondary brain injury by decreasing CaMKII over-phosphorylation in rats ’ model of intracerebral hemorrhage in our previous report. However, the effect of ASA o...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - February 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Activation of HIF-1α/VEGF-A pathway by deferoxamine ameliorates retinal hypoxia in a rat subarachnoid hemorrhage model
Conclusions Our findings suggest that modulating the application of deferoxamine may offer therapeutic approaches to alleviate retinal complications after SAH.
Source: NeuroReport - October 6, 2022 Category: Neurology Tags: Degeneration and Repair Source Type: research

Semaphorin 6D regulate corralling, hematoma compaction and white matter injury in mice after intracerebral hemorrhage
The Semaphorin 6D (SEMA6D) shows important roles in cell guidance and lipid metabolism, but the effects and mechanisms of SEMA6D on tissue repair, white matter injury and the recovery of neurological function after intracerebral hemorrhage have not been well studied.
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - September 26, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Ting Sun, Hanhai Zeng, Linfeng Fan, Jing Fei, Gao Chen Source Type: research

GrpEL1 Regulates Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in vivo and in vitro
In conclusion, the reduced GrpEL1-mtHSP70 complex is an essential factor affecting UPRmt in EBI after SAH. Increasing GrpEL1 promotes GrpEL1 and mtHSP70 binding, promoting the neuronal mitochondrial homeostasis, and might be an essential clinical intervention target for EBI after SAH.PMID:35093469 | DOI:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.01.014
Source: Brain Research - January 30, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Chao Ma Bixi Gao Zongqi Wang Wanchun You Zhengquan Yu Haitao Shen Xiang Li Haiying Li Xuwei Zhang Zhong Wang Gang Chen Source Type: research

Molecular Correlates of Hemorrhage and Edema Volumes Following Human Intracerebral Hemorrhage Implicate Inflammation, Autophagy, mRNA Splicing, and T Cell Receptor Signaling
This study uncovers molecular underpinnings associated with ICH and PHE vo lumes and pathophysiology in human ICH, where knowledge is scarce. The identified pathways and hub genes may represent novel therapeutic targets.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - September 6, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Zebrafish as a Model for In-Depth Mechanistic Study for Stroke
AbstractStroke is one of the world ’s leading causes of death and disability, posing enormous burden to the society. However, the pathogenesis and mechanisms that underlie brain injury and brain repair remain largely unknown. There’s an unmet need of in-depth mechanistic research in this field. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a powerful tool in brain science research mainly due to its small size and transparent body, high genome synteny with human, and similar nervous system structures. It can be used to establish both hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke models easily and effectively through different ways. After the establishm...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 29, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Pathophysiology of Blood –Brain Barrier Permeability Throughout the Different Stages of Ischemic Stroke and Its Implication on Hemorrhagic Transformation and Recovery
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic interface responsible for maintaining the central nervous system homeostasis. Its unique characteristics allow protecting the brain from unwanted compounds, but its impairment is involved in a vast number of pathological conditions. Disruption of the BBB and increase in its permeability are key in the development of several neurological diseases and have been extensively studied in stroke. Ischemic stroke is the most prevalent type of stroke and is characterized by a myriad of pathological events triggered by an arterial occlusion that can eventually lead to fatal outcomes such ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - December 9, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: the Last Decade
AbstractAneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) affects six to nine people per 100,000 per year, has a 35% mortality, and leaves many  with lasting disabilities, often related to cognitive dysfunction. Clinical decision rules and more sensitive computed tomography (CT) have made the diagnosis of SAH easier, but physicians must maintain a high index of suspicion. The management of these patients is based on a limited number of ran domized clinical trials (RCTs). Early repair of the ruptured aneurysm by endovascular coiling or neurosurgical clipping is essential, and coiling is superior to clipping in cases amenable to bot...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 19, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Lesion Size- and Location-Dependent Recruitment of Contralesional Thalamus and Motor Cortex Facilitates Recovery after Stroke in Mice
This study highlights the importance of in vivo fiber tracking and the role of the contralesional hemisphere during spontaneous functional improvement as a potential novel stroke biomarker and therapeutic targets.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 11, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Intracerebral hemorrhage in the mouse altered sleep-wake patterns and activated microglia.
Abstract Sleep-wake disturbances are both a risk factor and reported morbidity for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). ICH begins with a ruptured blood vessel and blood leakage into the parenchyma. In response to initial damage, pathophysiological processes ensue that both exacerbate and repair damage. Inflammation is a hallmark process of ICH, which includes microglia activation and increased cytokine signaling. Due to the dual role of cytokines as inflammatory signaling proteins and sleep regulatory substances (SRSs), we hypothesized that ICH would activate microglia, increase SRSs, and alter sleep-wake patterns fol...
Source: Experimental Neurology - February 10, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Giordano KR, Denman CR, Dollish HK, Fernandez F, Lifshitz J, Akhter M, Rowe RK Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

Case Report of a Novel Technique for Repair of the Vertebral Artery During Cranial Surgery
AbstractSurgery of complex cranial base lesions carries a high risk of damage to main vessels, often resulting in life-changing or even life-threatening injuries. We describe a rapid, effective, and noninvasive application of a collagen-based hemostatic patch to repair the vertebral artery during cranial surgery. A 61-year-old male patient underwent retrosigmoid craniotomy to remove a foramen magnum meningioma that encased the vertebral artery. A linear incision was made behind the ear and standard retrosigmoid craniotomy was performed with preservation of the transverse and sigmoid sinuses. The dura was open...
Source: Neurology and Therapy - November 30, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

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