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Specialty: Cytology
Condition: Diabetes

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Total 94 results found since Jan 2013.

Altered Expression of Uncoupling Protein 2 in GLP-1-producing Cells after Chronic High Glucose Exposure: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus.
Abstract Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a gut L-cell hormone that enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Several approaches that prevent GLP-1 degradation or activate the GLP-1 receptor are being used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. In T2DM, GLP-1 secretion has been suggested to be impaired, and this defect appears to be a consequence rather than a cause of impaired glucose homeostasis. However, although defective GLP-1 secretion has been correlated with insulin resistance, little is known about the direct effects of chronic high glucose concentrations, which are typical in diabetes ...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology - January 6, 2016 Category: Cytology Authors: Urbano F, Filippello A, Di Pino A, Barbagallo D, Di Mauro S, Pappalardo A, Rabuazzo AM, Purrello M, Purrello F, Piro S Tags: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol Source Type: research

Differential expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-response proteins in different renal tubule subtypes of OVE26 diabetic mice.
Abstract Regulation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-response pathway during the course of diabetes specifically in renal tubules is unclear. Since tubule cell dysfunction is critical to progression of diabetic nephropathy, this study analyzed markers of ER stress response and ER chaperones at different stages of diabetes and in different renal tubule subtypes of OVE26 type-1 diabetic mice. ER stress-response-induced chaperones GRP78, GRP94, and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) were increased in isolated cortical tubules of older diabetic mice, while PDI was decreased in tubules of young diabetic mice. Im...
Source: Cell Stress and Chaperones - October 20, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Barati MT, Powell DW, Kechavarzi BD, Isaacs SM, Zheng S, Epstein PN, Cai L, Coventry S, Rane MJ, Klein JB Tags: Cell Stress Chaperones Source Type: research

Transcription Factor Egr1 is Involved in High Glucose-Induced Proliferation and Fibrosis in Rat Glomerular Mesangial Cells
Conclusion: Our results provide strong evidence that Egr1 contributes to diabetic nephropathy by enhancing MC proliferation and ECM production, in part by interacting with TGF-β1.Cell Physiol Biochem 2015;36:2093-2107
Source: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry - July 21, 2015 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Attenuates Cardiac Fibrosis Through Reactive Oxygen Species Signal Pathways in Experimental Diabetes Mellitus Models
Conclusion: The present study shows that enhanced NOX4 expression results in cardiac fibrosis through ROS-ERK1/2-MAPkinase-dependent mechanisms in diabetic cardiomyopathy. NOX4 could be an important target for H2S to regulate redox homeostasis in cardiac fibrosis of diabetic cardiomyopathy.Cell Physiol Biochem 2015;36:917-929
Source: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry - June 16, 2015 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Retinal angiogenesis effects of TGF-β1, and paracrine factors secreted from human placental stem cells in response to a pathological environment.
In this study, we evaluated the role of systemically injected human placental amniotic membrane-derived MSCs (AMSCs) on pathological neovascularization of proliferative retinopathy. We determined that AMSCs secrete higher levels of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1) than other MSCs and the secreted TGF-β1 directly suppresses the proliferation of endothelial cells under pathological conditions in vitro. Moreover, in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy, intraperitoneally injected AMSCs migrated into the retina and suppressed excessive neovascularization of the vasculature via expression of TGF-β1, and the an...
Source: Cell Transplantation - June 10, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Kim KS, Park JM, Kong T, Kim C, Bae SH, Kim HW, Moon J Tags: Cell Transplant Source Type: research

Heme oxygenase-1 enhances autophagy in podocytes as a protective mechanism against High glucose-induced apoptosis.
Abstract Injury and loss of podocytes play vital roles in diabetic nephropathy progression. Emerging evidence suggests autophagy, which is induced by multiple stressors including hyperglycemia, plays a protective role. Meanwhile, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) possesses powerful anti-apoptotic properties. Therefore, we investigated the impact of autophagy on podocyte apoptosis under diabetic conditions and its association with HO-1. Mouse podocytes were cultured in vitro; apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Transmission electron microscopy and biochemical autophagic flux assays were used to measure the autophagy ma...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - April 13, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Dong C, Zheng H, Huang S, You N, Xu J, Ye X, Zhu Q, Feng Y, You Q, Miao H, Ding D, Lu Y Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

The Role of Maternal Gestational Diabetes in Inducing Fetal Endothelial Dysfunction
This study examines the effect of maternal diabetes on fetal endothelial function and gene expression under physiological glucose conditions (5mM). Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) isolated from diabetic mothers (d.HUVEC) grew more slowly than HUVEC isolated from healthy mothers (c.HUVEC) and had delayed doubling time despite increased levels of total vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and protein production as determined by real time PCR and ELISA respectively. Using western blot, the levels of antiproliferative VEGF165b isoform were increased in d.HUVEC relative to c.HUVEC. Successful VEGF1...
Source: Journal of Cellular Physiology - March 24, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Samar A Sultan, Wanting Liu, Yonghong Peng, W. Roberts, Donald Whitelaw, Anne M Graham Tags: Original Research Article Source Type: research

Regulation of High glucose-mediated mucin expression by matrix metalloproteinase-9 in Human airway epithelial cells.
Abstract Mucus hypersecretion is the key manifestation in patients with chronic inflammatory airway diseases and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) is a major component of airway mucus. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9, have been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory airway diseases. Hyperglycemia has been shown to be an independent risk factor for respiratory infections. We hypothesize that high glucose (HG)-regulates MMP-9 production and MMP-9 activity through nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)/ reactive oxygen species (ROS) cascades pathways, leading to mucin production in human airway epit...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - February 19, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Yu H, Yang J, Xiao Q, Lü Y, Zhou X, Xia L, Nie D Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

High Glucose Promotes Tumor Invasion and Increases Metastasis-Associated Protein Expression in Human Lung Epithelial Cells by Upregulating Heme Oxygenase-1 via Reactive Oxygen Species or the TGF-β1/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway
Conclusion: this study is the first to demonstrate that HG treatment of A549 human lung epithelial cells promotes tumor cell invasion and increases metastasis-associated protein expression by up-regulating HO-1 expression via ROS or the TGF-β1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.Cell Physiol Biochem 2015;35:1008-1022
Source: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry - February 5, 2015 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Shear Stress Modulates Resistin‐Induced CC Chemokine Ligand 19 Expression in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Source: Journal of Cellular Physiology - February 5, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Hong‐Ren Yu, Mao‐Ling Sung, Hsing‐Chun Kuo, Chi‐Hui Lin, Cheng‐Nan Chen Tags: Original Research Article Source Type: research

High glucose activates Raw264.7 macrophages through RhoA kinase-mediated signaling pathway.
In conclusion, ROCK inhibition might become a novel therapeutic strategy in atherosclerosis treatment and prevention in diabetic patients. PMID: 25446262 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cellular Signalling - November 14, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Cheng CI, Chen PH, Lin YC, Kao YH Tags: Cell Signal Source Type: research

IL-1β-induced mesenchymal stem cell migration involves MLCK activation via PKC signaling.
This study increases our understanding of the mechanisms by which MSCs home to injury sites. PMID: 25333338 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Cell Transplantation - October 20, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Lin CY, Zu CH, Yang CC, Tsai PJ, Shyu JF, Chen CP, Weng ZC, Chen TH, Wang HS Tags: Cell Transplant Source Type: research

Differential Requirements of Arrestin-3 and Clathrin for Ligand-dependent and -independent Internalization of Human G Protein-coupled Receptor 40.
Abstract G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is believed to be an attractive target to enhance insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes. GPR40 has been found to couple to Gq protein, leading to activation of phospholipase C and subsequent increases in the intracellular Ca(2+) level. However, the underlying mechanisms that regulate the internalization and desensitization of GPR40 remain to be elucidated. In the present study, a construct of GPR40 fused with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) at its C-terminus was constructed for direct imaging of the localization and internalization of GPR40 by c...
Source: Cellular Signalling - July 16, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Qian J, Wu C, Chen X, Li X, Ying G, Jin L, Ma Q, Li G, Shi Y, Zhang G, Zhou N Tags: Cell Signal Source Type: research

High glucose increases Cdk5 activity in podocytes Via transforming growth factor-β1 signaling pathway.
In this study, we showed that high glucose up-regulated the expression of Cdk5 and its co-activator p35 with a concomitant increase in Cdk5 kinase activity in conditionally immortalized mouse podocytes in vitro. When exposed to 30mM glucose, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was activated. Most importantly, we found that SB431542, the Tgfbr1 inhibitor, significantly decreased the expression of Cdk5 and p35 and Cdk5 kinase activity in high glucose-treated podocytes. Moreover, high glucose increased the expression of early growth response-1 (Egr-1) via TGF-β1-ERK1/2 pathway in podocytes and inhibition of Egr-1 by siR...
Source: Experimental Cell Research - April 24, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Zhang Y, Li H, Hao J, Zhou Y, Liu W Tags: Exp Cell Res Source Type: research

Ubiquitination-dependent CARM1 degradation facilitates Notch1-mediated podocyte apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy.
In this study, we found that high-glucose treatment increased Notch1 and Jagged-1 expression, the transcriptional activity of Hes, and podocyte apoptosis, and decreased the expression of coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) in rat podocytes. Transient transfection of CARM1 reversed high-glucose-induced Notch1 expression, the transcriptional activity of Hes, and podocyte apoptosis. Moreover, the silencing of CARM1 using siRNA increased Notch1 expression, the transcriptional activity of Hes, and podocyte apoptosis. However, the Glu(266)-mediated enzymatic activity of CARM1 was not necessary for Notch s...
Source: Cellular Signalling - April 8, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Kim D, Lim S, Park M, Choi J, Kim J, Han H, Yoon K, Kim K, Lim J, Park S Tags: Cell Signal Source Type: research