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ZIP2 Is Associated with Keratinocyte Differentiation Gene Regulation
Zinc is essential for the proper functioning of various enzymes and transcription factors, and its homeostasis is rigorously controlled by zinc transporters (SLC39/ZIP, importers; SLC30/ZnT, exporters). Skin disease is commonly caused by a zinc deficiency. Dietary and inherited zinc deficiencies are known to cause alopecia and the development of vesicular or pustular dermatitis. A previous study demonstrated that zinc played crucial roles in the survival of keratinocytes and their unique functions. High levels of zinc have been detected in the epidermis. Epidermal layers are considered to use a mechanism that preferentiall...
Source: Journal of Biological Chemistry - July 31, 2014 Category: Chemistry Authors: Inoue, Y., Hasegawa, S., Ban, S., Yamada, T., Date, Y., Mizutani, H., Nakata, S., Tanaka, M., Hirashima, N. Tags: Cell Biology Source Type: research

Ochratoxin A promotes porcine circovirus type 2 replication in vitro and in vivo.
Abstract Ochratoxin A (OTA), a worldwide mycotoxin found in food and feeds, is a potent nephrotoxin in animals and humans. Porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD), including porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, is a worldwide swine disease. To date, little is known concerning the relationship between OTA and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), the primary causative agent of PCVAD. Effects of OTA on PCV2 replication and its mechanism were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The results in vitro showed that low doses of OTA significantly increased PCV2 DNA copies and the number of infected cells. Maximum ...
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - December 23, 2014 Category: Biology Authors: Gan F, Zhang Z, Hu Z, Hesketh J, Xue H, Chen X, Hao S, Huang Y, Cole Ezea P, Parveen F, Huang K Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Functional peptide nanocarriers for delivery of novel anti-RelA RNA interference agents as a topical treatment of atopic dermatitis
Publication date: 15 July 2015 Source:International Journal of Pharmaceutics, Volume 489, Issues 1–2 Author(s): Takanori Kanazawa , Tomohiro Hamasaki , Takahiro Endo , Kuniko Tamano , Kana Sogabe , Yasuo Seta , Tadaaki Ohgi , Hiroaki Okada Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are a potential treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) because they can specifically silence the gene expression of AD-related factors. However, siRNA alone cannot exert a sufficiently strong therapeutic effect due to low delivery efficiency to the target tissues and cells; simply increasing the amount used is not possible due to the possibility of off-ta...
Source: International Journal of Pharmaceutics - May 15, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

2,3-Dimethoxy-2'-hydroxychalcone ameliorates TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression and subsequent monocyte adhesiveness via NF-kappaB inhibition and HO-1 induction in HaCaT cells.
In this study, we investigated the modulatory effects of 2,3-dimethoxy-2'-hydroxychalcone (DMHC) on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression and monocyte adhesiveness, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying its action in the HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line. Pre-treating HaCaT cells with DMHC significantly suppressed TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression and subsequent monocyte adhesiveness. DMHC inhibited TNF-α-induced activation of NF-κB. In addition, DMHC induced HO-1 expression as well as NRF2 activation. Furthermore, HO-1 knockdown using siRNA reversed the inh...
Source: BMB Reports - August 14, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Kim H, Youn GS, An SY, Kwon HY, Choi SY, Park J Tags: BMB Rep Source Type: research

Chloroform upregulates early growth response‐1‐dependent thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression via the JNK and ERK pathways in human keratinocytes
ConclusionsTaken together, these findings suggest that, in human keratinocytes, the upregulation of TSLP by chloroform is induced through an Egr‐1‐dependent mechanism that requires the c‐JNK and ERK pathways. Our results suggest that exposure to chloroform may aggravate allergic skin diseases such as AD through Egr‐1‐dependent TSLP regulation.
Source: International Journal of Dermatology - October 16, 2015 Category: Dermatology Authors: Hana Lee, Hyun Cheol Bae, Jinhee Kim, Sang Hoon Jeong, Woo‐In Ryu, Sang Wook Son Tags: Report Source Type: research

Toluene induces early growth response-1 dependent thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression in human keratinocytes
AbstractVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) can be an important environmental risk factor in the development and/or aggravation of atopic dermatitis (AD). In a several studies to evaluate the clinical effects of air pollution including VOCs on skin symptoms in AD patients. Although these accumulated data shows an association between exposure to VOCs and aggravation of AD, the molecular effects of VOCs on the aggravation of AD is still not clear. The present study demonstrates increases of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in keratinocytes following exposure to toluene. We further investigated the regulatory mechanisms of t...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Toxicology - August 31, 2016 Category: Cytology Source Type: research

Srb1 as a new redox target of cigarette smoke in human sebocytes.
In conclusion, exposure to CS, induced SRB1 post-translational modifications in sebocytes and this might affect sebocytes/skin functionality. PMID: 27865981 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine - November 15, 2016 Category: Biology Authors: Crivellari I, Sticozzi C, Belmonte G, Muresan XM, Cervellati F, Pecorelli A, Cavicchio C, Maioli E, Zouboulis CC, Benedusi M, Cervellati C, Valacchi G Tags: Free Radic Biol Med Source Type: research

Cimifugin suppresses allergic inflammation by reducing epithelial derived initiative key factors via regulating tight junctions
This study aims to determine the mechanism of cimifugin on epithelial cells in allergic inflammation. Mice were sensitized and challenged with FITC to establish type 2 atopic dermatitis (AD) model. The initial stage of AD model, in which mice were just sensitized with FITC, was established in vivo and immortalized human epidermal (HaCaT) cells were utilized in vitro. Initiative key cytokines, TSLP and IL‐33, were measured by ELISA, the junctions in ECs were observed by electron microscopy and TJs (CLDN‐1, occludin and CLDND1) were assessed by Western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The results show...
Source: Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine - June 9, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Xiaoyu Wang, Xiaoyan Jiang, Xi Yu, Hailiang Liu, Yu Tao, Guorong Jiang, Min Hong Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Cimifugin suppresses allergic inflammation by reducing epithelial derived initiative key factors via regulating tight junctions.
This study aims to determine the mechanism of cimifugin on epithelial cells in allergic inflammation. Mice were sensitized and challenged with FITC to establish type 2 atopic dermatitis (AD) model. The initial stage of AD model, in which mice were just sensitized with FITC, was established in vivo and immortalized human epidermal (HaCaT) cells were utilized in vitro. Initiative key cytokines, TSLP and IL-33, were measured by ELISA, the junctions in ECs were observed by electron microscopy and TJs (CLDN-1, occludin and CLDND1) were assessed by Western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The results showed t...
Source: J Cell Mol Med - June 9, 2017 Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Wang X, Jiang X, Yu X, Liu H, Tao Y, Jiang G, Hong M Tags: J Cell Mol Med Source Type: research

Regulation of claudin ‐4 via p63 in human epithelial cells
P63 is a regulator of cell–cell junction complexes in the epidermis. Claudin‐4 is regulated via various factors in normal epithelial cells and diseases. We found that claudin‐4 was directly regulated via p63 (TAp63 and ΔNp63) in human keratinocytes and nasal epithelial cells. In the epidermis of atopic dermatitis (AD), which contains ΔNp63‐deficient keratinocytes, high expression of claudin‐4 was observed. In primary keratinocytes, downregulation of ΔNp63 by treatment with short interfering RNA (siRNA)‐p63 induced claudin‐4 expression. In nasal epithelial cells in the context of rhinitis or nasal polyps, u...
Source: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences - July 1, 2017 Category: Science Authors: Takashi Kojima, Takayuki Kohno, Terufumi Kubo, Yakuto Kaneko, Takuya Kakuki, Akito Kakiuchi, Makoto Kurose, Ken ‐ichi Takano, Noriko Ogasawara, Kazufumi Obata, Kazuaki Nomura, Ryo Miyata, Takumi Konno, Shingo Ichimiya, Tetsuo Himi Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research

IL ‐26 in allergic contact dermatitis: resource in a state of readiness
In conclusion, our findings support the idea that this emergent cytokine, IL‐26, is implicated in the killing mechanisms of KC observed during ACD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Experimental Dermatology - March 2, 2018 Category: Dermatology Authors: Giuseppina Caiazzo, Roberta Di Caprio, Serena Lembo, Annunziata Raimondo, Emanuele Scala, Cataldo Patruno, Anna Balato Tags: Methods Letter to the Editors Source Type: research

PCV2 infection aggravates ochratoxin A-induced nephrotoxicity via autophagy involving p38 signaling pathway in  vivo and in vitro.
PCV2 infection aggravates ochratoxin A-induced nephrotoxicity via autophagy involving p38 signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Environ Pollut. 2018 Mar 31;238:656-662 Authors: Gan F, Zhou Y, Qian G, Huang D, Hou L, Liu D, Chen X, Wang T, Jiang P, Lei X, Huang K Abstract Ochratoxin A (OTA) is reported to induce nephrotoxicity in animals and humans. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) could induce porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome. To date, little is known whether virus infection aggravates mycotoxin-induced toxicity. This work aimed to study the effects of PCV2 infection on OTA-induced neph...
Source: Environmental Pollution - March 31, 2018 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Gan F, Zhou Y, Qian G, Huang D, Hou L, Liu D, Chen X, Wang T, Jiang P, Lei X, Huang K Tags: Environ Pollut Source Type: research

894 Poly(I:C) and GAG inhibit exogenous HSV1 infection in the barrier dysfunctional 3D epidermal model
Skin barrier dysfunction often induces severe herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection that is known as Kaposi's varicelliform eruption (KVE). KVE often occurs on patients with atopic dermatitis or genetic skin disease such as Dariers disease (DD). The mechanism of KVE has not been clearly proved, and the preventive methods have not been found. We previously established a skin barrier dysfunctional 3D model using siRNA of ATP2A2 of which gene mutation is confirmed in DD. This 3D model has dyskeratosis and TEM observation clearly revealed epidermal cleft that is caused by the absence of desmosome at intercellular space in ATP2A...
Source: Journal of Investigative Dermatology - April 19, 2018 Category: Dermatology Authors: E. Sato, K. Hiromatsu, K. Murata, S. Imafuku Tags: Innate Immunity, Microbiology, Inflammation Source Type: research

Involvement of α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone-Thromboxane A2 System on Itching in Atopic Dermatitis.
Abstract α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is an endogenous peptide hormone involved in cutaneous pigmentation in atopic dermatitis (AD) with severe itching. α-MSH elicits itch-related responses in mice. We therefore investigated whether α-MSH was involved in itching in AD. In the skin of AD patients and mice with atopy-like dermatitis, α-MSH and the prohormone convertase 2, which is the key processing enzyme for the production of α-MSH, were distributed mainly in keratinocytes. In the skin of mice with dermatitis, α-MSH receptors (MC1R and MC5R) were expressed at the mRNA level and were distributed ...
Source: The American Journal of Pathology - June 16, 2019 Category: Pathology Authors: Andoh T, Akasaka C, Shimizu K, Lee JB, Yoshihisa Y, Shimizu T Tags: Am J Pathol Source Type: research

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