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Therapeutic Approaches to the Neurologic Manifestations of COVID-19
AbstractAs of May 2022, there have been more than 527 million infections with severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and over 6.2 million deaths from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide. COVID-19 is a multisystem illness with important neurologic consequences that impact long-term morbidity and mortality. In the acutely ill, the neurologic manifestations of COVID-19 can include distressing but relatively benign symptoms such as headache, myalgias, and anosmia; however, entities such as encephalopathy, stroke, seizures, encephalitis, and Guillain –Barre Syndrome can cause neurologic inj...
Source: Neurotherapeutics - July 21, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The spectrum of Neuro-COVID: A study of a comprehensively investigated large cohort from India
Conclusion: Stroke and encephalopathy constitute the most common neurological manifestations. The absence of preceding COVID-19 symptoms in nearly half the cases is striking. Poor outcome was seen in nearly 50% despite early recognition and management.
Source: Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology - May 25, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Seena Vengalil Rohan Mahale N Chakradhar Swathi Alluri PR Sagar Navanith VH Ganaraja KR Haripriya Holla Venkappayya Vikram Ajay Asranna Pooja Mailankody Doniparthi V Seshagiri H Manoj Cheerla VN Maturu CR Vaddepally Raghavendra Kenchaiah PR Srijithesh Jay Source Type: research

Neurological manifestations of COVID ‐19: A potential gate to the determinants of a poor prognosis
ConclusionCOVID-19 neurologic complications are key drivers of patient severity and mortality. Headache, convulsions, mental and psychic disorders, delirium, and insomnia are just some of the symptoms that the virus can cause. The olfactory nerve is the most commonly damaged cranial nerve, resulting in anosmia. Stroke (mostly infarction), encephalitis, meningitis, Guillain –Barre syndrome, relapse of multiple sclerosis, and transverse myelitis are all symptoms and squeals.
Source: Brain and Behavior - April 27, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Etedal Ahmed A. Ibrahim, Ramah Isam Farah Hassan, Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed, Elmuntasir Taha Salah, Mohammed Eltahier Abdalla Omer, Mazin S. Haroun Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the frequency, clinical spectrum and outcomes of pediatric guillain-Barr & #233; syndrome in India: A multicentric ambispective cohort study
Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic led to a marked decline in pediatric GBS presenting to hospitals. Antecedent illnesses, clinical and electrophysiological profile of GBS remained largely unchanged from the pre-pandemic era.
Source: Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology - February 22, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Divyani Garg Rajinder K Dhamija Aditya Choudhary Ritu Shree Sujit Kumar Priyanka Samal Abhishek Pathak Pamidimukkala Vijaya Yareeda Sireesha Sruthi S Nair Sanjay Sharma Soaham Desai Human P Sinha Ayush Agarwal Ashish Upadhyay MV Padma Srivastava Rohit Bha Source Type: research

Intraluminal carotid thrombosis and acute ischemic stroke associated with COVID-19
AbstractCOVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has a diverse constellation of neurological manifestations that include encephalopathy, stroke, Guillain –Barré syndrome, myelitis, and encephalitis. Intraluminal carotid thrombi (ILT) are infrequent lesions seen in only 1.6% of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Underlying atherosclerosis is the most common lesion associated with ILT formation. However, with COVID-19, we have encountered ILT in p atients without significant atherosclerotic disease. The endothelial inflammation and hypercoagulable state associated with COVID-19 pose a risk of arterial an...
Source: Journal of Neurology - November 3, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Acute Neurologic Manifestations of Respiratory Viruses
This article describes the most common respiratory viruses that have neurologic manifestations, with a focus on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. RECENT FINDINGS In vitro and in vivo studies have better elucidated the neurotropism of various respiratory viruses. Understanding host cell receptors that mediate viral binding and entry not only demonstrates how viruses enter host cells but also provides possible mechanisms for therapeutic interventions. Elucidation of SARS-CoV-2 binding and fusion with host cells expressing the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor may also provide greater insights into its systemic an...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - October 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

Neuro ‐COVID‐19
AbstractNeuromuscular manifestations of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) are frequent and include dizziness, headache, myopathy, and olfactory and gustatory disturbances. Patients with acute central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as delirium, impaired consciousness, stroke, and convulsive seizures, have a high mortality rate. The encephalitis/encephalopathy that causes consciousness disturbance and seizures can be classified into three conditions, including direct infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, encephalopathy caused by CNS damage secondary to systemic hypercytokinemia (cytokine storm), and autoimmune-mediat...
Source: Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology - September 12, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Takayoshi Shimohata Tags: REVIEW ARTICLE Source Type: research

Acute transverse myelitis following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a case report and review of literature
ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the one of early reported case of transverse myelitis and with post SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, who responded well to plasmapheresis. Further studies would be recommended to identify the underlying correlation between COVID-19 vaccination and transverse myelitis.
Source: Journal of Neurology - September 5, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A Middle-Aged Man Presented with Quadriparesis during COVID-19 Pandemic
The clinical presentation of COVID-19 is varied: from asymptomatic to severe neurological syndrome like stroke can happen. Guillain-Barr é syndrome (GBS) as a manifestation of COVID-19 is not very common. GBS is an acute immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy that usually occurs following previous exposure to infection. Here, we are reporting a case of GBS related to COVID-19 infection. The reported case presented with quadriparesis and was diagnosed with GBS after evaluation. At the same time, his RT-PCR for COVID-19 was also positive. Interestingly, this patient suffered from COVID-19 2 months before this presentation. ...
Source: Case Reports in Neurology - August 18, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neurological Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Comprehensive Review and Meta-Analysis of the First 6 Months of Pandemic Reporting
Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic exerts a substantial neurologic burden which may have residual effects on patients and healthcare systems for years. Low quality evidence impedes the ability to accurately predict the magnitude of this burden. Robust studies with standardised screening and case definitions are required to improve understanding of this disease and optimise treatment of individuals at higher risk for neurologic sequelae.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - August 12, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neurologic Manifestations of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
This article describes the spectrum of neurologic complications associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, their underlying pathology and pathogenic mechanisms, gaps in knowledge, and current therapeutic strategies. RECENT FINDINGS COVID-19 is the clinical syndrome caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. It can affect the entire neuraxis, and presentations in the acute phase are variable, although anosmia is a common manifestation. Encephalopathy is common in patients who are hospitalized and is often associated with multiorgan involvement. Immune-mediated encephaliti...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - August 1, 2021 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Symptoms of the Nervous System and Implications for Therapy in Neurological Disorders
AbstractIn this paper, the neurological aspects of COVID-19 are presented, which may be of significance for physicians. Knowledge about the neurological symptoms of COVID-19 infection should help physicians in diagnoses and in taking appropriate precautions, as some manifestations can appear before typical pulmonary symptoms. Various mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion are discussed and symptoms are described, which can be subdivided into manifestations of the central nervous system (CNS) (headache, dizziness, stroke, impaired consciousness, encephalitis, meningitis, seizures) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) (charac...
Source: Neurology and Therapy - May 22, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Severe Neurologic Complications of SARS-CoV-2
We present readers with a review of the literature of severe neurologic complications of SARS-CoV-2 and cases from our institution to illustrate these conditions.Recent FindingsNeurologic manifestations are being increasingly recognized in the literature. Some patients can have severe neurologic manifestations, though the true prevalence is unknown.SummarySevere neurologic complications of COVID-19 include large vessel occlusion ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, encephalitis, myelitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, status epilepticus, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. The...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Neurology - March 31, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neurological symptoms, manifestations, and complications associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)
AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus, is responsible for the outbreak of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It is evident that the COVID-19 pandemic has become a challenging world issue. Although most COVID-19 patients primarily develop respiratory symptoms, an increasing number of neurological symptoms and manifestations associated with COVID-19 have been observed. In this narrative review, we elaborate on proposed neurotropic mechanisms and various neurological symptoms, manifestations, and complications of COVI...
Source: Journal of Neurology - January 23, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

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