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Specialty: Neurology
Condition: Encephalitis

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Total 277 results found since Jan 2013.

The PET Sandwich: Using Serial FDG-PET Scans with Interval Burst Suppression to Assess Ictal Components of Disease
ConclusionsIn appropriately selected patients, FDG-PET scans while in burst suppression may help dissect the underlying pathophysiologic cause of IIC findings observed on EEG and guide tailored therapy.
Source: Neurocritical Care - April 5, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neurological complications of coronavirus and COVID-19.
CONCLUSIONS: Future epidemiological studies and case records should elucidate the real incidence of these neurological complications, their pathogenic mechanisms and their therapeutic options. PMID: 32329044 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Revista de Neurologia - April 26, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Carod-Artal FJ Tags: Rev Neurol Source Type: research

Unilateral cortical FLAIR-hyperintense Lesions in Anti-MOG Encephalitis with Seizures (FLAMES): An under-recognized entity
We read with interest the article by Tutmaher et al.(1). The authors report an 11-year-old girl with acute-onset right hemiparesis concerning for stroke. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed mild left fronto-parietal cortical T2-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensity. She was ultimately diagnosed with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-IgG-associated disease (MOGAD). MOGAD is a recently recognized subset of central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating diseases, to which children and young adults seem particularly pre-disposed(2).
Source: Pediatric Neurology - May 10, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Adrian Budhram, Ario Mirian, Eoin P. Flanagan Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

Medical and Paramedical Care of Patients With Cerebellar Ataxia During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Seven Practical Recommendations of the COVID 19 Cerebellum Task Force
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), the cause of the current pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), primarily targets the respiratory system. Some patients also experience neurological signs and symptoms ranging from anosmia, ageusia, headache, nausea, and vomiting to confusion, encephalitis, and stroke. Approximately 36% of those with severe COVID-19 experience neurological complications. The virus may enter the central nervous system through the olfactory nerve in the nasal cavity and damage neurons in the brainstem nuclei involved in the regulation of respiration. Patients with cerebe...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - May 21, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Understanding the neurotropic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2: from neurological manifestations of COVID-19 to potential neurotropic mechanisms
AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a disease caused by the novel betacoronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic threat. The potential involvement of COVID-19 in central nervous system (CNS) has attracted considerable attention due to neurological manifestations presented throughout the disease process. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 is structurally similar to SARS-CoV, and both bind to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor to enter human cells. Thus, cells expressing ACE2, such as neurons and glial cells may act as targets and are thus vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we have reviewed ...
Source: Journal of Neurology - May 25, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

MEDICAL AND PARAMEDICAL CARE OF PATIENTS WITH CEREBELLAR ATAXIA DURING THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK: 7 PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS The COVID 19 Cerebellum Task Force
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), the cause of current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), primarily targets the respiratory system. Some patients also experience neurologic signs and symptoms ranging from anosmia, ageusia, headache, nausea and vomiting to confusion, encephalitis and stroke. Approximately 36% of those with severe COVID-19 experience neurological complications. The virus may enter the central nervous system through the olfactory nerve in the nasal cavity and damage neurons in the brainstem nuclei involved in the regulation of respiration. Patients with cerebellar ataxia (CA) ...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - May 21, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neurological involvement of coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review
ConclusionsNeurological manifestations of COVID-19 are not rare, especially large vessel stroke, Guillain –Barre syndrome, and meningoencephalitis. Moving forward, further studies are needed to clarify the prevalence of the neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection, investigate their biological backgrounds, and test treatment options. Physicians should be cautious not to overlook other neurol ogical diagnoses that can mimic COVID-19 during the pandemic.
Source: Journal of Neurology - June 18, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The NMDA Receptor Antibody Paradox: A Possible Approach to Developing Immunotherapies Targeting the NMDA Receptor
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) play a key role in brain development and function, including contributing to the pathogenesis of many neurological disorders. Immunization against the GluN1 subunit of the NMDAR and the production of GluN1 antibodies is associated with neuroprotective and seizure-protective effects in rodent models of stroke and epilepsy, respectively. Whilst these data suggest the potential for the development of GluN1 antibody therapy, paradoxically GluN1 autoantibodies in humans are associated with the pathogenesis of the autoimmune disease anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. This review discusses pos...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - July 2, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Spectrum of Neurological Manifestations in Covid-19: A Review
Ravindra K GargNeurology India 2020 68(3):560-572 COVID-19, in most patients, presents with mild flu-like illness. Elderly patients with comorbidities, like hypertension, diabetes, or lung and cardiac disease, are more likely to have severe disease and deaths. Neurological complications are frequently reported in severely or critically ill patients with comorbidities. In COVID-19, both central and peripheral nervous systems can be affected. The SARS-CoV-2 virus causes the disease COVID-19 and has the potential to invade the brain. The SARS-CoV-2 virus enters the brain either via a hematogenous route or olfactory system. A...
Source: Neurology India - July 5, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Ravindra K Garg Source Type: research

Unilateral Cortical Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery –Hyperintense Lesions in Anti-Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein–Associated Encephalitis With Seizures (FLAMES): An Under-recognized Entity
We read with interest the article by Tutmaher et  al.1 They report an 11-year-old girl with acute-onset right hemiparesis concerning for stroke. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed mild left frontoparietal cortical T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensity. She was ultimately diagnosed with myelin oligodendrocyt e glycoprotein-immunoglobulin G (MOG-IgG)–associated disease (MOGAD). MOGAD is a recently recognized subset of central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating diseases, to which children and young adults seem particularly predisposed.
Source: Pediatric Neurology - May 10, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Adrian Budhram, Ario Mirian, Eoin P. Flanagan Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

Stereotypies in adults: a systematic review.
Abstract Stereotypies are abnormal involuntary non-goal-directed movement patterns or vocalisations which repeat continuously in the same fashion over a period of time and on multiple occasions and are typically distractible. Stereotypies are common in both children and adults, but they are extensively reviewed only in children. There are very few studies, mainly in the form of case reports and case series, focusing on stereotypies occurring in adults as part of different neurological disorders. In adults, stereotypies can be both physiological and pathological. Common physiological stereotypies in adults are leg ...
Source: Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska - July 23, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Shukla T, Pandey S Tags: Neurol Neurochir Pol Source Type: research

Looking ahead: The risk of neurologic complications due to COVID-19
The rapid spread of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has become a public health emergency of international concern. The outbreak was characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. The most characteristic symptom of patients with COVID-19 is respiratory distress. Some patients may also show neurologic signs and symptoms ranging from headache, nausea, vomiting, and confusion to anosmia, ageusia, encephalitis, and stroke. Coronaviruses are known pathogens with neuroinvasive potential. There is increasing evidence that coronavirus i...
Source: Neurology Clinical Practice - August 9, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Perez, C. A. Tags: Viral infections, All global neurology, Public health, COVID-19 Commentary Source Type: research

Neurological manifestations of COVID-19: available evidences and a new paradigm
AbstractThe recent pandemic outbreak of coronavirus is pathogenic and a highly transmittable viral infection caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). In this time of ongoing pandemic, many emerging reports suggested that the SARS-CoV-2 has inimical effects on neurological functions, and even causes serious neurological damage. The neurological symptoms associated with COVID-19 include headache, dizziness, depression, anosmia, encephalitis, stroke, epileptic seizures, and Guillain-Barre syndrome along with many others. The involvement of the CNS may be related with poor prognosis and disease wo...
Source: Journal of NeuroVirology - August 23, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Editorial
The cover of this issue ofBrain relates to the article by Ross Paterson, Rachel Brown and co-workers that describes the range of neurological presentations in patients with definite, probable or possible COVID-19 encountered in a series of multidisciplinary team meetings organized at a single neurological centre. The commonest CNS disorders encountered were encephalopathy without obvious structural lesion or CSF abnormality, encephalitis or encephalomyelitis, and ischaemic stroke, often in the context of a hypercoagulable state. The accepted manuscript has already been downloaded almost 30  000 times even before formal p...
Source: Brain - October 25, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Cerebrovascular disease in patients with COVID-19: neuroimaging, histological and clinical description
We describe pathological and radiological data consistent with thrombotic microangiopathy caused by endotheliopathy with a haemorrhagic predisposition.
Source: Brain - July 9, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research