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Condition: Diabetes Type 2

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Total 421 results found since Jan 2013.

Inhibition of diabetes-induced Drp1 deSUMOylation prevents retinal vascular lesions associated with diabetic retinopathy
Exp Eye Res. 2022 Nov 23:109334. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109334. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTRetinal microvascular endothelial cell (RMEC) injury plays an important role in the pathophysiology diabetic retinopathy (DR). The GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), crucial to mitochondrial dynamics, has been implicated in hyperglycaemia-induced microvascular damage. Moreover, Drp1 can be deSUMOylated by the enzyme sentrin/SUMO-specific protease 3 (SENP3). Whether SENP3/deSUMOylated Drp1 can aggravate DR is unclear. Therefore, we designed this experiment to investigate the role of SENP3/desumoylated Drp1 in DR in vitro an...
Source: Cell Research - November 26, 2022 Category: Cytology Authors: Min Chen Qianhui Zhang Shun Wang Feng Zheng Source Type: research

Metformin-mediated downregulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent excision repair cross-complementing 1 decreases DNA repair capacity and sensitizes human lung cancer cells to paclitaxel.
Abstract Metformin, an extensively used and well-tolerated drug for treating individuals with type 2 diabetes, has recently gained significant attention as an anticancer drug. On the other hand, paclitaxel (Taxol) is a new antineoplastic drug that has shown promise in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). High expression levels of excision repair cross-complementary 1 (ERCC1) in cancers have been positively associated with the DNA repair capacity and a poor prognosis in NSCLC patients treated with platinum-containing chemotherapy. In this current study, paclitaxel was found to increase phosphorylati...
Source: Biochemical Pharmacology - December 7, 2012 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Tseng SC, Huang YC, Chen HJ, Chiu HC, Huang YJ, Wo TY, Weng SH, Lin YW Tags: Biochem Pharmacol Source Type: research

Marine natural product des-O-methyllasiodiplodin effectively lowers the blood glucose level in db/db mice via ameliorating inflammation.
Conclusion:DML effectively lowers the blood glucose level in db/db mice possibly via ameliorating the expression of obesity-related pro-inflammatory cytokines, highlighting the potential of the marine natural product as a drug lead for the treatment of metabolic disorders. PMID: 23852084 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica - July 15, 2013 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Zhou R, Lin ZH, Jiang CS, Gong JX, Chen LL, Guo YW, Shen X Tags: Acta Pharmacol Sin Source Type: research

Effects of small interfering RNA-mediated hepatic glucagon receptor inhibition on lipid metabolism in db/db mice Research Articles
Hepatic glucose overproduction is a major characteristic of type 2 diabetes. Because glucagon is a key regulator for glucose homeostasis, antagonizing the glucagon receptor (GCGR) is a possible therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. To study the effect of hepatic GCGR inhibition on the regulation of lipid metabolism, we generated siRNA-mediated GCGR knockdown (si-GCGR) in the db/db mouse. The hepatic knockdown of GCGR markedly reduced plasma glucose levels; however, total plasma cholesterol was increased. The detailed lipid analysis showed an increase in the LDL fraction, and no change in VLDL HDL fra...
Source: The Journal of Lipid Research - September 11, 2013 Category: Lipidology Authors: Han, S., Akiyama, T. E., Previs, S. F., Herath, K., Roddy, T. P., Jensen, K. K., Guan, H.-P., Murphy, B. A., McNamara, L. A., Shen, X., Strapps, W., Hubbard, B. K., Pinto, S., Li, C., Li, J. Tags: Research Articles Source Type: research

Sestrin 3 Regulation in Type 2 Diabetic Patients and its Influence on Metabolism and Differentiation in Skeletal Muscle.
Abstract In mammals, the sestrin family is composed of 3 stress responsive genes. Ablation of sestrin in Drosophila attenuates longevity, which is accompanied by increased S6K phosphorylation and decreased AMPK phosphorylation. Nevertheless, the metabolic role of sestrins in mammals is not comprehensively understood. We characterized the expression of individual sestrin family members and determined their role in vastus lateralis muscle biopsies from participants with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or type 2 diabetes (T2D). Expression of sestrin 1 or sestrin 2 mRNA was unaltered between the NGT and T2D participant...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism - October 15, 2013 Category: Physiology Authors: Nascimento EB, Osler ME, Zierath JR Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

Sestrin 3 regulation in type 2 diabetic patients and its influence on metabolism and differentiation in skeletal muscle
In mammals, the sestrin family is composed of three stress-responsive genes. Ablation of sestrin in Drosophila attenuates longevity, which is accompanied by increased S6K phosphorylation and decreased AMPK phosphorylation. Nevertheless, the metabolic role of sestrins in mammals is not comprehensively understood. We characterized the expression of individual sestrin family members and determined their role in vastus lateralis muscle biopsies from participants with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or type 2 diabetes (T2D). Expression of sestrin 1 or sestrin 2 mRNA was unaltered between the NGT and T2D participants. Conversely,...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - December 1, 2013 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Nascimento, E. B., Osler, M. E., Zierath, J. R. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Enhanced p22phox expression Impairs Vascular Function through p38 and ERK1/2 MAP-Kinases-Dependent Mechanisms in Type 2 Diabetic mice.
Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with vascular complication. We hypothesized that increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunit p22(phox) expression impairs vascular endothelium-dependent relaxation in T2D. Type 2 diabetic (db(-)/db(-)) and control (db(-)/db(+)) mice were treated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, polyethylene glycol superoxide dismutase, (PEG-SOD, 1000 units/kg daily intra-peritoneal injection) or siRNA p22(phox) (p22(phox)-lentivirus-siRNA, 100 µg, intra-venal injection twice per week) for one month. Endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) w...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology - January 31, 2014 Category: Physiology Authors: Kassan M, Choi SK, Galan M, Lee YH, Trebak M, Matrougui K Tags: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol Source Type: research

Differential Requirements of Arrestin-3 and Clathrin for Ligand-dependent and -independent Internalization of Human G Protein-coupled Receptor 40.
Abstract G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is believed to be an attractive target to enhance insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes. GPR40 has been found to couple to Gq protein, leading to activation of phospholipase C and subsequent increases in the intracellular Ca(2+) level. However, the underlying mechanisms that regulate the internalization and desensitization of GPR40 remain to be elucidated. In the present study, a construct of GPR40 fused with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) at its C-terminus was constructed for direct imaging of the localization and internalization of GPR40 by c...
Source: Cellular Signalling - July 16, 2014 Category: Cytology Authors: Qian J, Wu C, Chen X, Li X, Ying G, Jin L, Ma Q, Li G, Shi Y, Zhang G, Zhou N Tags: Cell Signal Source Type: research

Selective inhibiton of Sphingosine kinase-1 protects adipose tissue against LPS-induced inflammatory response in Zucker diabetic fatty rats.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether the enzyme sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) would modulate the expression of CCL5 and other inflammatory biomarkers in primary adipocytes and its potential role in lipopolysaccharide -induced AT inflammation in a rat model of diabetes. To address this, LPS-stimulated primary adipocytes and 3T3-L1 cells were treated with a sphingosine kinase inhibitor (SPHK I) and the expression of Ccl5 and other CC chemokines were studied. Moreover, the effect of Sphk-1 knockdown on cytokine production was analyzed in 3T3-L1 cells by transfection of Sphk-1-specific small interfering RN...
Source: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism - July 22, 2014 Category: Physiology Authors: Tous M, Ferrer-Lorente R, Badimon L Tags: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab Source Type: research

Islet neogenesis-associated protein (INGAP): The role of its endogenous production as a positive modulator of insulin secretion.
Abstract Islet neogenesis-associated protein (INGAP) is a peptide found in pancreatic exocrine-, duct- and islet- non-β-cells from normal hamsters. Its increase induced by either its exogenous administration or by the overexpression of its gene enhances β-cell secretory function and increases β-cell mass by a combination of stimulation of cell replication and islet neogenesis and reduction of β-cell apoptosis. We studied the potential modulatory role of endogenous INGAP in insulin secretion using two different experimental approaches. Hamster islets transfected with INGAP-small interfering RNA (INGAP-siRNA) we...
Source: Regulatory Peptides - August 23, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Flores LE, Del Zotto H, Fragapane F, Maiztegui B, Román CL, Boschero AC, Gagliardino JJ Tags: Regul Pept Source Type: research

Selective inhibition of sphingosine kinase-1 protects adipose tissue against LPS-induced inflammatory response in Zucker diabetic fatty rats
The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether the enzyme sphingosine kinase-1 (SK1) would modulate the expression of CCL5 and other inflammatory biomarkers in primary adipocytes and its potential role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AT inflammation in a rat model of diabetes. To address this, LPS-stimulated primary adipocytes and 3T3-L1 cells were treated with a SK inhibitor, and the expression of Ccl5 and other CC chemokines were studied. Moreover, the effect of SK1 knockdown on cytokine production was analyzed in 3T3-L1 cells by transfection of SK1-specific small-interfering RNA (siRNA). The anti-inflamm...
Source: AJP: Endocrinology and Metabolism - September 1, 2014 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Tous, M., Ferrer-Lorente, R., Badimon, L. Tags: Articles Source Type: research

Application of RNA interference to improve mechanistic understanding of omics responses to a hepatotoxic drug in primary rat hepatocytes.
Abstract Inhibition of the glucagon receptor (GCGR) has been identified as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, a small molecule drug candidate antagonizing GCGR (BAY16) failed during preclinical drug development, in part due to drug induced hepatotoxicity in animals. Since there is evidence to suggest that endogenous GCGR signaling might be important for hepatocyte survival, we hypothesized that on-target effects, i.e., modulation of GCGR activity by BAY16, may contribute to BAY16 hepatotoxicity and associated gene expression changes in rats. To understand the role of GC...
Source: Toxicology - October 22, 2014 Category: Toxicology Authors: Adler M, Leich E, Ellinger-Ziegelbauer H, Hewitt P, Dekant W, Rosenwald A, Mally A Tags: Toxicology Source Type: research

Dihydromyricetin improves skeletal muscle insulin resistance by inducing autophagy via the AMPK signaling pathway
In conclusion, DHM improved SMIR by inducing autophagy via the activation of AMPK signaling pathway.
Source: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology - March 20, 2015 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research