• Filter By:
• Specialty
• Source
• Condition
• Cancer
• Infectious Disease
• Drug
• Training
• Management
• Procedure
• Therapy
• Vaccine
• Nutrition
• Country

Glial fibrillary acidic protein: from intermediate filament assembly and gliosis to neurobiomarker.
Abstract Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an intermediate filament (IF) III protein uniquely found in astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS), non-myelinating Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), and enteric glial cells. GFAP mRNA expression is regulated by several nuclear-receptor hormones, growth factors, and lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). GFAP is also subject to numerous post-translational modifications (PTMs), while GFAP mutations result in protein deposits known as Rosenthal fibers in Alexander disease. GFAP gene activation and protein induction appear to play a critical role in ...
Source: Trends in Neurosciences - May 11, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yang Z, Wang KK Tags: Trends Neurosci Source Type: research

Neuromechanical Principles Underlying Movement Modularity and Their Implications for Rehabilitation
Publication date: 8 April 2015 Source:Neuron, Volume 86, Issue 1 Author(s): Lena H. Ting , Hillel J. Chiel , Randy D. Trumbower , Jessica L. Allen , J. Lucas McKay , Madeleine E. Hackney , Trisha M. Kesar Neuromechanical principles define the properties and problems that shape neural solutions for movement. Although the theoretical and experimental evidence is debated, we present arguments for consistent structures in motor patterns, i.e., motor modules, that are neuromechanical solutions for movement particular to an individual and shaped by evolutionary, developmental, and learning processes. As a consequence, ...
Source: Neuron - April 10, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Termination of vestibulospinal fibers arising from the spinal vestibular nucleus in the mouse spinal cord
Publication date: 21 May 2015 Source:Neuroscience, Volume 294 Author(s): H. Liang , T. Bácskai , G. Paxinos The present study investigated the vestibulospinal system which originates from the spinal vestibular nucleus (SpVe) with both retrograde and anterograde tracer injections. We found that fluoro-gold (FG) labeled neurons were found bilaterally with a contralateral predominance after FG injections into the upper lumbar cord. Anterogradely labeled fibers from the rostral SpVe traveled in the medial part of the ventral funiculus ipsilaterally and the dorsolateral funiculus bilaterally in the cervical cord. They mainly...
Source: Neuroscience - April 6, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Acupuncture improves locomotor function by enhancing GABA receptor expression in transient focal cerebral ischemia rats
Publication date: 19 February 2015 Source:Neuroscience Letters, Volume 588 Author(s): Qian Xu , Jing-Wen Yang , Yan Cao , Li-Wen Zhang , Xiang-Hong Zeng , Fang Li , Si-Qi Du , Lin-Peng Wang , Cun-Zhi Liu Stroke is the major cause of long-term disability among adults. Recent studies have found that GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission plays a vital role in ameliorate locomotor damage after ischemic injury. Acupuncture has been widely used to improve locomotor function. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study is designed to investigate whether GABA and GABA receptors are involved in the mecha...
Source: Neuroscience Letters - January 8, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Controlled Nerve Ablation With Direct Current: Parameters and Mechanisms
Spastic hypertonus (muscle over-activity) often develops after spinal cord injury or stroke. Chemodenervating agents such as Botulinum toxin A (BtA) and phenol are often used to treat this condition. We have previously shown that the use of direct current (DC) to create controlled lesions of peripheral nerves may provide a means of reducing spastic hypertonus. Here, we explored a range of stimulation parameters that could be used clinically. Nerves were lesioned with DC in chronically implanted animals and the outcome was tracked over many months. In addition, we used DC to ablate nerves in animals with decerebrate rigidit...
Source: IEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering - November 1, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Remote Degeneration: Insights from the Hemicerebellectomy Model.
Abstract When CNS lesions develop, neuronal degeneration occurs locally but in regions that are remote, yet functionally connected, to the primary lesion site. This process, known as "remote damage," significantly affects long-term outcomes in many CNS pathologies, such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, and traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries. Remote damage can last several days or months after the primary lesion, providing a window during which therapeutic approaches can be implemented to effect neuroprotection. The recognition of the importance of remote damage in determining disease outcomes has prompted cons...
Source: Cerebellum - September 25, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Viscomi MT, Latini L, Bisicchia E, Sasso V, Molinari M Tags: Cerebellum Source Type: research

Lipopolysaccharide preconditioning facilitates M2 activation of resident microglia after spinal cord injury
The inflammatory response following spinal cord injury (SCI) has both harmful and beneficial effects; however, it can be modulated for therapeutic benefit. Endotoxin/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning, a well‐established method for modifying the immune reaction, has been shown to attenuate damage induced by stroke and brain trauma in rodent models. Although such effects likely are conveyed by tissue‐repairing functions of the inflammatory response, the mechanisms that control the effects have not yet been elucidated. The present study preconditioned C57BL6/J mice with 0.05 mg/kg of LPS 48 hr before inducing contu...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - July 10, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kentaro Hayakawa, Rentaro Okazaki, Kazuhito Morioka, Kozo Nakamura, Sakae Tanaka, Toru Ogata Tags: Research Article Source Type: research

Impact of Neurologic Deficits on Motor Imagery: A Systematic Review of Clinical Evaluations
Abstract Motor imagery (MI, the mental representation of an action without engaging in its actual execution) is a therapeutically relevant technique to promote motor recovery after neurologic disorders. MI shares common neural and psychological bases with physical practice. Interestingly, both acute and progressive neurologic disorders impact brain motor networks, hence potentially eliciting changes in MI capacities. How experimental neuroscientists and medical practitioners should assess and take into account these changes in order to design fruitful interventions is largely unresolved. Understanding how the psy...
Source: Neuropsychology Review - June 1, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Clinical Applications: Diagnostics
Since its introduction in 1985, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has become a powerful tool for research as a noninvasive and painless technique to effectively stimulate the human cortex. Over the years, TMS has proven useful not only for the assessment of motor cortex physiology but also for the diagnosis and prognosis of many neurological disorders involving the corticospinal tract. In this chapter, we explore the theoretical and practical considerations of several key diagnostic protocols, including those used to asses motor cortical and corticospinal layout, excitability, and functional integrity. In addition, w...
Source: Springer protocols feed by Neuroscience - May 22, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: news

A brain–computer interface for single-trial detection of gait initiation from movement related cortical potentials
Neurological conditions, such as stroke, spinal cord injury or Parkinson’s disease, often result in impaired motor control and consequent difficulty of the patient to perform activities of daily living. One of the goals of rehabilitation is to promote the patient’s independency with the aim of restoring the loss of movement ability.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - May 19, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ning Jiang, Leonardo Gizzi, Natalie Mrachacz-Kersting, Kim Dremstrup, Dario Farina Source Type: research

An automated and fast approach to detect single-trial visual evoked potentials with application to brain–computer interface
Brain–computer interface (BCI) is an emerging technology which can establish a pathway between the human brain and computers through recording and decoding brain activity (Wolpaw et al., 2002). Since the control of BCI system is directly based on the recorded brain activity without the involvement of neuromuscular system, it allows people who suffer from motor dysfunction or impairment (e.g., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, brainstem stroke, and spinal cord injury) to communicate with the external world or control prosthesis (Vaughan et al., 2003).
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - April 14, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yiheng Tu, Yeung Sam Hung, Li Hu, Gan Huang, Yong Hu, Zhiguo Zhang Source Type: research

A region-based two-step P300-based brain–computer interface for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
The brain–computer interface (BCI) or brain–machine interface (BMI) is an interface technology that enables communication with others and control of the environment or of a prosthesis without any muscle movement (Wolpaw et al., 2002; Birbaumer and Cohen, 2007; Daly and Wolpaw, 2008). In this decade, the use of BCI technology has become widespread, mainly for preclinical research, due to technical and mechanical improvements, and new technology been designed to help individuals with severe neurological disabilities, especially motor difficulties such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal cord injury (SCI), and cerebral stroke.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - March 26, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Shiro Ikegami, Kouji Takano, Kiyohiko Kondo, Naokatsu Saeki, Kenji Kansaku Source Type: research

Pages: 1  2  3  4  5  6  7