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Cancer: Brain Cancers

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Total 97 results found since Jan 2013.

High prevalence of small vessel disease long after cranial irradiation
In conclusion, small vessel disease is not a rare complication after cranial irradiation, even in young patients. Patients after cranial irradiation should be followed up with MR imaging including a hemosiderin-sensitive sequence.
Source: Journal of Clinical Neuroscience - October 27, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Tumor necrosis factor receptor ‐associated factor 6 participates in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats through inhibiting autophagy and promoting oxidative stress
This study was designed to explore changes of expression level and potential roles and mechanisms of TRAF6 in early brain injury (EBI) after SAH using a Sprague–Dawley rat model of SAH induced in 0.3 mL non‐heparinized autologous arterial blood injected into the pre‐chiasmatic cistern. First, compared with the sham group, we found that the expression levels of TRAF6 increased gradually and peaked at 24 h after SAH. Second, the results showed that application of TRAF6 over‐expression plasmid and genetic silencing siRNA could increase or decrease expression of TRAF6, respectively, and severely exacerbate or relieve...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - June 20, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Yang Dou, Haitao Shen, Dongxia Feng, Haiying Li, Xiaodi Tian, Jian Zhang, Zhong Wang, Gang Chen Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Targeting sonic hedgehog signaling in neurological disorders
In conclusion, further studies are warranted to demonstrate the potential of positive and negative regulators of the Shh pathway in neurological disorders.
Source: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews - January 16, 2017 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Intravascular lymphoma mimicking vasculitis
This report documents the presence of intravascular lymphoma diagnosed on a brain biopsy in a 60-year-old man. He initially presented 6months before brain biopsy with chest pain and hypotension, warranting coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Four months later, he presented with signs attributed to a stroke (diaphoresis, slumped over in a chair and left hand weakness). He subsequently developed a sudden onset wide-based gait, left leg numbness, word finding difficulties and worsening confusion. A MRI study showed multiple infarcts in the brain, including cerebellum. Invasive angiogram suggested vasculitis. He was started ...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neuroscience - November 10, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Sex differences in the anticonvulsant activity of neurosteroids
Epilepsy is one of the leading causes of chronic neurological morbidity worldwide. Acquired epilepsy may result from a number of conditions, such as brain injury, anoxia, tumors, stroke, neurotoxicity, and prolonged seizures. Sex differences have been observed in many seizure types; however, some sex‐specific seizure disorders are much more prevalent in women. Despite some inconsistencies, substantial data indicates that sensitivity to seizure stimuli differs between the sexes. Men generally exhibit greater seizure susceptibility than women, whereas many women with epilepsy experience a cyclical occurrence of seizures th...
Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research - November 6, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Doodipala Samba Reddy Tags: Review Source Type: research

Chapter Three Application of Nanomedicine to the CNS Diseases
Publication date: 2016 Source:International Review of Neurobiology, Volume 130 Author(s): D. Carradori, A. Gaudin, D. Brambilla, K. Andrieux Drug delivery to the brain is a challenge because of the many mechanisms that protect the brain from the entry of foreign substances. Numerous molecules which could be active against brain disorders are not clinically useful due to the presence of the blood–brain barrier. Nanoparticles can be used to deliver these drugs to the brain. Encapsulation within colloidal systems can allow the passage of nontransportable drugs across this barrier by masking their physicochemical properties...
Source: International Review of Neurobiology - September 24, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Infiltration of invariant natural killer T cells occur and accelerate brain infarction in permanent ischemic stroke in mice
Publication date: 28 October 2016 Source:Neuroscience Letters, Volume 633 Author(s): Zhen-Kui Wang, Li Xue, Tao Wang, Xiu-Jie Wang, Zhi-Qiang Su Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique subset of T cells that have been implicated in inflammation, atopy, autoimmunity, infections, and cancer. Although iNKT cells have been extensively studied over the past decade, its role in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain injury is still largely unknown. In our study, we determined whether iNKT cells infiltration occur in a mouse model of permanent cerebral ischemia. C57BL6/J male mice were treated with either alpha-galactos...
Source: Neuroscience Letters - September 17, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Omega-3 fatty acid supplement prevents development of intracranial atherosclerosis
Conclusions: Long-term O3FA dietary supplementation prevents the development of intracranial atherosclerosis. This O3FA effect appears to be mediated by its prevention of macrophage infiltration into the vessel wall, therefore reducing inflammation and intimal thickening. While similar effects in humans need to be determined, O3FA dietary supplement shows promising results in the prevention of ICAS.
Source: Neuroscience - August 23, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Activation of σ1 and σ2 receptors by afobazole increases glial cell survival and prevents glial cell activation and nitrosative stress after ischemic stroke
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - August 3, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: C. Katnik, A. Garcia, A. A. Behensky, I.E. Yasny, A. M. Shuster, S. B. Seredenin, A. V. Petrov, J. Cuevas Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Application of Nanomedicine to the CNS Diseases
Publication date: Available online 20 July 2016 Source:International Review of Neurobiology Author(s): D. Carradori, A. Gaudin, D. Brambilla, K. Andrieux Drug delivery to the brain is a challenge because of the many mechanisms that protect the brain from the entry of foreign substances. Numerous molecules which could be active against brain disorders are not clinically useful due to the presence of the blood–brain barrier. Nanoparticles can be used to deliver these drugs to the brain. Encapsulation within colloidal systems can allow the passage of nontransportable drugs across this barrier by masking their physicoc...
Source: International Review of Neurobiology - July 21, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Role of serum ‐ and glucocorticoid‐inducible kinases in stroke
Abstract Increased expression of serum‐ and glucocorticoid‐inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) can be induced by stress and growth factors in mammals, and plays an important role in cancer, diabetes, and hypertension. A recent work suggested that SGK1 activity restores damage in a stroke model. To further investigate the role of SGKs in ischemic brain injury, we examined how SGK inhibitors influence stroke outcome in vivo and neurotoxicity in vitro. Infarct volumes were compared in adult mice with middle cerebral artery occlusion, followed by 24 h reperfusion, in the absence or presence of SGK inhibitors. Neurotoxicity assay,...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - May 24, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Koichi Inoue, Tiandong Leng, Tao Yang, Zhao Zeng, Takatoshi Ueki, Zhi ‐Gang Xiong Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Inhibition of cerebral vascular inflammation by brain endothelium-targeted oligodeoxynucleotide complex
In conclusion, our approach using DNA nanotechnology for DNA decoy delivery could potentially be utilized for inhibition of inflammation in ischemic stroke and other neuro-inflammatory diseases affecting cerebral vasculature.
Source: Neuroscience - May 18, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

The pathophysiological role of astrocytic endothelin-1
Publication date: Available online 28 April 2016 Source:Progress in Neurobiology Author(s): Stéphanie Hostenbach, Miguel D’haeseleer, Ron Kooijman, Jacques De Keyser In the normal central nervous system, endothelin-1 (ET-1) is found in some types of neurons, epithelial cells of the choroid plexus, and endothelial cells of microvessels, but it is usually not detectable in glial cells. However, in different pathological conditions, astrocytes adapting a reactive phenotype express high levels of ET-1 and its receptors, mainly the ETB receptor. ET-1 released by reactive astrocytes appears mainly to have neurodeleterio...
Source: Progress in Neurobiology - April 28, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Role of serum‐ and glucocorticoid‐inducible kinases in stroke
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - April 27, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Koichi Inoue, Tiandong Leng, Tao Yang, Zhao Zeng, Takatoshi Ueki, Zhi‐Gang Xiong Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Evidence for cerebellar motor functional reorganization in brain tumor patients: An fMRI study
Publication date: 27 May 2016 Source:Neuroscience Letters, Volume 622 Author(s): Satoshi Kurabe, Kosuke Itoh, Tsutomu Nakada, Yukihiko Fujii Functional reorganization of the motor system following brain damage has been studied extensively in stroke patients, in which not only the cerebrum but also the cerebellum (Cbll) undergoes substantial reorganization. However, the role of Cbll in motor functional reorganization in brain tumor patients remains poorly investigated. Because brain damages in brain tumor patients occur much more slowly than in stroke patients, the neural mechanisms for motor functional reorganization...
Source: Neuroscience Letters - April 26, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research