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Biomedical applications of sodium MRI in vivo
In this article we present an up‐to‐date overview of the potential biomedical applications of sodium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in vivo. Sodium MRI is a subject of increasing interest in translational imaging research as it can give some direct and quantitative biochemical information on the tissue viability, cell integrity and function, and therefore not only help the diagnosis but also the prognosis of diseases and treatment outcomes. It has already been applied in vivo in most human tissues, such as brain for stroke or tumor detection and therapeutic response, in breast cancer, in articular cartilage, in muscl...
Source: Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging - May 30, 2013 Category: Radiology Authors: Guillaume Madelin, Ravinder R. Regatte Tags: Review Source Type: research
Autoimmune gabab antibody encephalitis associated with non-malignant lung lesion
GABAb receptor autoimmune encephalitis is a potentially treatable disorder characterised by seizures, memory deficits, increased anxiety and mood dysregulation. In some patients it is associated with small–cell lung cancer and with other autoantibodies. We are presenting a case of GABAb receptor autoimmune encephalitis which was associated with non–malignant lung lesion, likely inflammatory in nature.
A 62 year old woman presented with recent onset depression and tonic–clonic seizures. CT head showed patchy white matter changes particularly in the left frontal lobe. Initial treatment for suspected infecti...
Source: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry - October 9, 2013 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Wysota, B., Teare, L., Karim, A., Jacob, S. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Epilepsy and seizures, Infection (neurology), Stroke, Drugs: psychiatry, Memory disorders (psychiatry), Radiology, Drugs: musculoskeletal and joint diseases, Radiology (diagnostics) Association of British Neurologists (AB Source Type: research
Dementia research funding should be on same footing as cancer, says charity
This article was amended on Wednesday 11 December 2013. Alzheizmer's Research Trust is now called Alzheimer's Research UK. This has been corrected.DementiaMental healthMedical researchHaroon Siddiquetheguardian.com © 2013 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - December 11, 2013 Category: Science Authors: Haroon Siddique Tags: The Guardian Mental health News Medical research Society Dementia UK news Science Source Type: news
Results of the Austrian CT Dose Study 2010: Typical effective Doses of the most frequent CT examinations.
CONCLUSION: Variations between CT operators are generally moderate for most operators, but in some indications the ratio between the minimum and the maximum of average dose to the typical standard patients exceeds a factor of 4 or even 5. Therefore, comparing average doses to Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) and optimizing protocols need to be encouraged.
PMID: 24440650 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Zeitschrift fur Medizinische Physik - January 16, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Homolka P, Leithner R, Billinger J, Gruber M Tags: Z Med Phys Source Type: research
Parental smoking 'ages' children’s arteries
ConclusionOverall, this secondary analysis study provides preliminary evidence of the effects of parental passive smoking on the artery walls of children and adolescents in adulthood. The researchers attempted to adjust for potential factors that could influence risk (confounders), such as: age sex height weight smoking status physical activity levels alcohol consumption schooling level of the parent(s)In their analysis, they also took into consideration cardiovascular risk factors of the participants in adulthood. There are some limitations to the study, which are worth noting. Parental smoking status was self-re...
Source: NHS News Feed - March 5, 2014 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Heart/lungs Pregnancy/child Source Type: news
Do No Harm: Stories of Life, Death and Brain Surgery review
Patients see neurosurgeons as gods, but what is the reality? Henry Marsh has written a memoir of startling candourWe go to doctors for help and healing; we don't expect them to make us worse. Most people know the aphorism taught to medical students, attributed to the ancient Greek Hippocrates but timeless in its quiet sanity: "First, do no harm." But many medical treatments do cause harm: learning how to navigate the risks of drug therapies, as well as the catastrophic consequences of botched or inadvised surgical operations, is a big part of why training doctors takes so long. Even the simplest of therapies carries the ri...
Source: Guardian Unlimited Science - March 19, 2014 Category: Science Authors: Gavin Francis Tags: The Guardian Private healthcare Culture Society Reviews Books Neuroscience UK news Hospitals NHS Source Type: news
Epilepsy and Cancer: Ancient Problem in a Top Mortality Illness (P3.313)
CONCLUSIONS: Seizures in patients with cancer is a frequent comorbid condition with a high mortality rate, further studies are required to study the efficacy and security of AED and other forms of treatment.Study Supported by: NoneDisclosure: Dr. Cacho Diaz has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 9, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Cacho Diaz, B. Tags: Neurologic Complications of Cancer Source Type: research
PET scans may improve brain injury diagnosis
ConclusionThis is a valuable diagnostic study that tested how accurate PET and fMRI imaging are at distinguishing between different levels of conscious state and helping to predict recovery. Diagnostic assessments are traditionally made using bedside clinical tests – but as the researchers say, judging the level of awareness in people with severe brain damage can be difficult.In particular, the researchers wanted to see whether the scans could accurately distinguish between people with “unresponsive wakefulness syndrome” and “minimally conscious state”, as distinguishing between these two states can have impor...
Source: NHS News Feed - April 16, 2014 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Medical practice Neurology Source Type: news
Sudden unexpected death in schizophrenia: Autopsy findings in psychiatric inpatients
In conclusion, sudden cardiac death occurs at a 0.8% rate in a psychiatric hospital, well above general population rates. Autopsy findings indicate that sudden death in schizophrenia is caused by structural cardiovascular, respiratory and neurological abnormalities, with most cases due to acute myocardial infarction. Early recognition and treatment of coronary artery disease must become a clinical priority for all adults with schizophrenia.
Source: Schizophrenia Research - April 7, 2014 Category: Psychiatry Authors: Petru Ifteni, Christoph U. Correll, Victoria Burtea, John M. Kane, Peter Manu Tags: Clinical Studies Source Type: research
Small-animal PET demonstrates brain metabolic change after using bevacizumab in a rat model of cerebral ischemic injury
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of bevacizumab on cerebral ischemia, we used 2-deoxy-2-18F-fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) small-animal positron emission tomography (PET) in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model. After baseline neurologic function tests and PET studies, MCAO Sprague-Dawley rats received bevacizumab or normal saline (controls). Weekly PET imaging and neurologic function tests showed that the 18F-FDG accumulation in the bevacizumab group was similar to that in the controls during the first 2 weeks, but lower than in controls at weeks 3 and 4. However, no difference was found in neurologi...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - October 1, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Assessment of blood–brain barrier disruption using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. A systematic review
In conclusion, DCE-MRI is shown to provide valuable information in a large variety of applications, ranging from common applications, such as grading of primary brain tumors, to more recent applications, such as assessment of subtle BBB dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Further research is required in order to establish consensus-based recommendations for data acquisition and analysis and, hence, improve inter-study comparability and promote wider use of DCE-MRI.
Source: NeuroImage: Clinical - November 3, 2014 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Regional quantification of cerebral venous oxygenation from MRI susceptibility during hypercapnia
Publication date: 1 January 2015 Source:NeuroImage, Volume 104 Author(s): Audrey P. Fan , Karleyton C. Evans , Jeffrey N. Stout , Bruce R. Rosen , Elfar Adalsteinsson There is an unmet medical need for noninvasive imaging of regional brain oxygenation to manage stroke, tumor, and neurodegenerative diseases. Oxygenation imaging from magnetic susceptibility in MRI is a promising new technique to measure local venous oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) along the cerebral venous vasculature. However, this approach has not been tested in vivo at different levels of oxygenation. The primary goal of this study was to test whether ...
Source: NeuroImage - November 4, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research
Prevalence of Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease in Long-Term Breast Cancer Survivors Exposed to Both Adjuvant Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy.
CONCLUSION: More CMBs were found in the aRCeBCS group than in the population-based controls. These vascular lesions potentially mark cerebrovascular frailty that could partially explain the well-documented association between chemotherapy and cognitive dysfunction. No support was found for a radiotherapy-related origin of CMBs.
PMID: 25559803 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Clinical Genitourinary Cancer - January 5, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Koppelmans V, Vernooij MW, Boogerd W, Seynaeve C, Ikram MA, Breteler MM, Schagen SB Tags: J Clin Oncol Source Type: research
Long-term smoking 'may cause' brain shrinkage
Conclusion
This study has shown an association between smoking and a thinner cortex, though it cannot prove that smoking caused the cortex to thin. The study was cross sectional, so cannot say which came first – the smoking or the cortex differences. Also, confounding factors other than smoking may be contributing.
Strengths of the study include:
Having access to measurements of cognitive ability when the participants were 11 years old, before most of them would have started smoking, as a potential indicator of cortex thickness.
The radiologists were blinded to which MRIs came from each group, reducing the risk of ...
Source: NHS News Feed - February 12, 2015 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Lifestyle/exercise Neurology Source Type: news
