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Cancer: Brain Cancers

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Total 83 results found since Jan 2013.

Understanding the Neurophysiology and Quantification of Brain Perfusion
Abstract: Newer neuroimaging technology has moved beyond pure anatomical imaging and ventured into functional and physiological imaging. Perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (PWI), which depicts hemodynamic conditions of the brain at the microvascular level, has an increasingly important role in clinical central nervous system applications. This review provides an overview of the established role of PWI in brain tumor and cerebrovascular imaging, as well as some emerging applications in neuroimaging. PWI allows better characterization of brain tumors, grading, and monitoring. In acute stroke imaging, PWI is utilized to dis...
Source: Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging - April 1, 2017 Category: Radiology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Measurement of Lactate Content and Amide Proton Transfer Values in the Basal Ganglia of a Neonatal Piglet Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury Model Using MRI PEDIATRICS
CONCLUSIONS: This observation suggests that after hypoxic-ischemic insult, the recovery of pH was faster than that of lactate homeostasis.
Source: American Journal of Neuroradiology - April 11, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Zheng, Y., Wang, X.- M. Tags: PEDIATRICS Source Type: research

Efficient experimental designs for isotropic generalized diffusion tensor MRI (IGDTI)
ConclusionsIGDTI provides direct and accurate estimates of orientationally averaged tissue water mobilities over a wide range of b‐values. This efficient method may enable new, sensitive, and quantitative assessments for clinical applications in which changes in mADC can be observe,d such as detecting and characterizing stroke, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases. Magn Reson Med 000:000–000, 2017.
Source: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine - May 7, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Alexandru V. Avram, Joelle E. Sarlls, Elizabeth Hutchinson, Peter J. Basser Tags: Full Paper Source Type: research

Efficient experimental designs for isotropic generalized diffusion tensor MRI (IGDTI).
CONCLUSIONS: IGDTI provides direct and accurate estimates of orientationally averaged tissue water mobilities over a wide range of b-values. This efficient method may enable new, sensitive, and quantitative assessments for clinical applications in which changes in mADC can be observe,d such as detecting and characterizing stroke, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases. Magn Reson Med 000:000-000, 2017. PMID: 28480613 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine - May 7, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Avram AV, Sarlls JE, Hutchinson E, Basser PJ Tags: Magn Reson Med Source Type: research

Direct saturation ‐corrected chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI of glioma: Simplified decoupling of amide proton transfer and nuclear overhauser effect contrasts
ConclusionThe proposed DISC‐CEST method, by correction of nonlinear direct water saturation effect, serves as a promising alternative to both the commonly used MTRasym and the simplistic three‐offset analyses. It provides simple yet reliable in vivo CEST quantification such as APT and NOE mapping in brain tumor, which is promising for clinical translation. Magn Reson Med, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Source: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine - October 13, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Iris Yuwen Zhou, Enfeng Wang, Jerry S. Cheung, Dongshuang Lu, Yang Ji, Xiaoan Zhang, Giulia Fulci, Phillip Zhe Sun Tags: Rapid Communication Source Type: research

Direct saturation-corrected chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI of glioma: Simplified decoupling of amide proton transfer and nuclear overhauser effect contrasts.
CONCLUSION: The proposed DISC-CEST method, by correction of nonlinear direct water saturation effect, serves as a promising alternative to both the commonly used MTRasym and the simplistic three-offset analyses. It provides simple yet reliable in vivo CEST quantification such as APT and NOE mapping in brain tumor, which is promising for clinical translation. Magn Reson Med, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. PMID: 29030880 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine - October 13, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Yuwen Zhou I, Wang E, Cheung JS, Lu D, Ji Y, Zhang X, Fulci G, Sun PZ Tags: Magn Reson Med Source Type: research

The dynamic natural history of cerebral aneurysms from cardiac myxomas: A review of the natural history of myxomatous aneurysms.
We describe two contrasting patients with multiple cerebral aneurysms and a previous history of resected cardiac myxomas with no cardiac recurrence on follow-up echocardiography. Both patients presented with stroke- like symptoms; one with a left visual defect and the other with right hemiplegia. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain of both patients showed the presence of multiple cerebral aneurysms that was later confirmed on conventional angiography. Both patients' aneurysms were managed conservatively. Serial angiograms were performed during their follow-up, which spanned several years. One patient's aneurysms remain...
Source: Interventional Neuroradiology - February 1, 2018 Category: Radiology Tags: Interv Neuroradiol Source Type: research

Risk of Radiation Vasculopathy and Stroke in Pediatric Patients Treated with Proton Therapy for Brain and Skull Base Tumors
Childhood cancer survivors are at risk of vasculopathy. This review of 651 children treated with proton therapy estimates the rate of serious vasculopathy is 2.6% at 3 years following treatment. Young age and doses ≥54 CGE to the suprasellar region are the dominant risk factors.
Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology * Biology * Physics - March 29, 2018 Category: Radiology Authors: Matt D. Hall, Julie A. Bradley, Ronny L. Rotondo, Ricardo Hanel, Chetan Shah, Christopher G. Morris, Philipp R. Aldana, Daniel J. Indelicato Tags: Clinical Investigation Source Type: research

Brain Midline Shift Measurement and Its Automation: A Review of Techniques and Algorithms.
Authors: Liao CC, Chen YF, Xiao F Abstract Midline shift (MLS) of the brain is an important feature that can be measured using various imaging modalities including X-ray, ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Shift of midline intracranial structures helps diagnosing intracranial lesions, especially traumatic brain injury, stroke, brain tumor, and abscess. Being a sign of increased intracranial pressure, MLS is also an indicator of reduced brain perfusion caused by an intracranial mass or mass effect. We review studies that used the MLS to predict outcomes of patients with intracranial mas...
Source: International Journal of Biomedical Imaging - June 2, 2018 Category: Radiology Tags: Int J Biomed Imaging Source Type: research

Toward more reliable measurements of NOE effects in CEST spectra at around -1.6  ppm (NOE (-1.6)) in rat brain.
CONCLUSION: Because the NOE(-1.6) effect is more susceptible to the direct water saturation effect and more sensitive to physiological conditions than are other CEST effects, incorporating known sensitivities into the experimental design and data analysis is necessary to ensure more reliable NOE(-1.6) results. PMID: 30058128 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Magnetic Resonance in Medicine - July 29, 2018 Category: Radiology Authors: Zu Z Tags: Magn Reson Med Source Type: research

Intravoxel incoherent motion MRI in neurological and cerebrovascular diseases
Publication date: Available online 31 August 2018Source: NeuroImage: ClinicalAuthor(s): André M. Paschoal, Renata F. Leoni, Antonio C. dos Santos, Fernando F. PaivaAbstractIntravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) is a recently rediscovered noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method based on diffusion-weighted imaging. It enables the separation of the intravoxel signal into diffusion due to Brownian motion and perfusion-related contributions and provides important information on microperfusion in the tissue and therefore it is a promising tool for applications in neurological and neurovascular diseases. This review foc...
Source: NeuroImage: Clinical - September 1, 2018 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Machine learning studies on major brain diseases: 5-year trends of 2014 –2018
AbstractIn the recent 5  years (2014–2018), there has been growing interest in the use of machine learning (ML) techniques to explore image diagnosis and prognosis of therapeutic lesion changes within the area of neuroradiology. However, to date, the majority of research trend and current status have not been clearly il luminated in the neuroradiology field. More than 1000 papers have been published during the past 5 years on subject classification and prediction focused on multiple brain disorders. We provide a survey of 209 papers in this field with a focus on top ten active areas of research; i.e., Alzheimer’ s di...
Source: Japanese Journal of Radiology - November 29, 2018 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

A nomogram for the prediction of cerebrovascular disease among patients with brain necrosis after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
In various cancer populations, radiotherapy is associated with the development of vascular disease [1 –4]. Previous studies have established an increased incidence of carotid stenosis (CAS) and ischemic stroke in patients with head and neck cancer treated with radiotherapy [4,5]. A study of 6862 patients (age>65  years) showed that five-year incidence of cerebrovascular events was 19% in patients treated with radiotherapy alone compared with 14% in patients treated with surgery plus radiotherapy; the corresponding ten-year incidence were 34% and 25%, respectively [4].
Source: Radiotherapy and Oncology - December 21, 2018 Category: Radiology Authors: Jinhua Cai, Jinping Cheng, Honghong Li, Wei-Jye Lin, Yi Li, Xiaohuang Zhuo, Xiaolong Huang, Charles B. Simone, Wilbert S. Aronow, Edward L.W. Chow, Yamei Tang Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

ACR Appropriateness Criteria ® Acute Mental Status Change, Delirium, and New Onset Psychosis
Acute changes in mental status represent a broad collection of symptoms used to describe disorders in mentation and level of arousal, including the more narrowly defined diagnoses of delirium and psychosis. A wide range of precipitating factors may be responsible for symptom onset including infection, intoxication, and metabolic disorders. Neurologic causes that may be detected on neuroimaging include stroke, traumatic brain injury, nonconvulsive seizure, central nervous system infection, tumors, hydrocephalus, and inflammatory disorders.
Source: Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR - April 30, 2019 Category: Radiology Authors: Expert Panel on Neurological Imaging:, Michael D. Luttrull, Daniel J. Boulter, Claudia F.E. Kirsch, Joseph M. Aulino, Joshua S. Broder, Santanu Chakraborty, Asim F. Choudhri, Andrew F. Ducruet, A. Tuba Kendi, Ryan K. Lee, David S. Liebeskind, William Mack Tags: Appropriate use criteria Source Type: research