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Specialty: Neurology
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Total 371 results found since Jan 2013.

Management of Intracranial Pressure
Purpose of Review:: Intracranial pressure (ICP) can be elevated in traumatic brain injury, large artery acute ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, intracranial neoplasms, and diffuse cerebral disorders such as meningitis, encephalitis, and acute hepatic failure. Raised ICP is also known as intracranial hypertension and is defined as a sustained ICP of greater than 20 mm Hg. Recent Findings:: ICP must be measured through an invasive brain catheter, typically an external ventricular catheter that can drain CSF and measure ICP, or through an intraparenchymal ICP probe. Proper recognition of the clinical signs of elevated...
Source: CONTINUUM - October 1, 2015 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Quality improvement and practice-based research in neurology using the electronic medical record
We describe quality improvement and practice-based research using the electronic medical record (EMR) in a community health system–based department of neurology. Our care transformation initiative targets 10 neurologic disorders (brain tumors, epilepsy, migraine, memory disorders, mild traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, neuropathy, Parkinson disease, restless legs syndrome, and stroke) and brain health (risk assessments and interventions to prevent Alzheimer disease and related disorders in targeted populations). Our informatics methods include building and implementing structured clinical documentation supp...
Source: Nature Clinical Practice - October 12, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Maraganore, D. M., Frigerio, R., Kazmi, N., Meyers, S. L., Sefa, M., Walters, S. A., Silverstein, J. C. Tags: Eye on Practice Source Type: research

Pathobiology of tobacco smoking and neurovascular disorders: untied strings and alternative products
Tobacco smoke (TS) is the leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide. In addition to a host of well characterized diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, oral and peripheral cancers and cardiovascular complications, epidemiological evidence suggests that chronic smokers are at equal risk to develop neurological and neurovascular complications such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, vascular dementia and small vessel ischemic disease (SVID). Unfortunately, few direct neurotoxicology studies of tobacco smoking and its pathogenic pathways have been produced so far. A major link between ...
Source: Cerebrospinal Fluid Research - October 31, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Pooja NaikLuca Cucullo Source Type: research

DNA repair factor linked to breast cancer may also play a role in Alzheimer’s disease
Mutant forms of breast cancer factor 1 (BRCA1) are associated with breast and ovarian cancers but according to new findings, in the brain the normal BRCA1 gene product may also be linked to Alzheimer’s disease. The results, published in Nature Communications, suggest that low levels of BRCA1 protein in the brain may contribute to dementia. The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health.
Source: NINDS Press Releases and News: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke - November 30, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: news

Deletion of Nuclear Localizing Signal Attenuates Proinflammatory Activity of Prothymosin-Alpha and Enhances Its Neuroprotective Effect on Transient Ischemic Stroke
In conclusion, ProT has pro-inflammatory effect that may counteract its neuroprotective effect. Deletion of NLS from ProT may attenuate post-ischemic inflammation and enhance the neuroprotective effects of ProT.
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - January 9, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Re-exploring Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha as a Target for Therapy in Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Abstract Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a perplexing condition with high mortality and no treatment beyond supportive care. A major portion of the injurious process is takes place during the hours following the development of hematoma. This so-called secondary injury is characterized by an inflammatory cascade that involves a variety of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Several studies in the rodent model of ICH have shown a rapid increase in brain concentrations of TNF-α following hematoma induction. There is a reasonable body of evidence from experimental models of ICH suggesting that upre...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 14, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neuron specific enolase: a promising therapeutic target in acute spinal cord injury
Abstract Enolase is a multifunctional protein, which is expressed abundantly in the cytosol. Upon stimulatory signals, enolase can traffic to cell surface and contribute to different pathologies including injury, autoimmunity, infection, inflammation, and cancer. Cell-surface expression of enolase is often detected on activated macrophages, microglia/macrophages, microglia, and astrocytes, promoting extracellular matrix degradation, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, and invasion of inflammatory cells in the sites of injury and inflammation. Inflammatory stimulation also induces translocation of ...
Source: Metabolic Brain Disease - February 5, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Embracing failure: What the Phase III progesterone studies can teach about TBI clinical trials.
CONCLUSIONS: Better definitions of injury and healing and better outcome measures are essential to change the embrace of failure that has dominated the field for over 30 years. This review offers suggestions to improve the situation. PMID: 26274493 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Brain Injury - February 14, 2016 Category: Neurology Tags: Brain Inj Source Type: research

Chapter 17 Rehabilitation of patients with glioma
Publication date: 2016 Source:Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Volume 134 Author(s): Mary Vargo, Roger Henriksson, Pär Salander Disabling sequelae occur in a majority of patients diagnosed with brain tumor, including glioma, such as cognitive deficits, weakness, and visual perceptual changes. Often, multiple impairments are present concurrently. Healthcare staff must be aware of the “biographic disruption” the patient with glioma has experienced. While prognostic considerations factor into rehabilitation goals and expectations, regardless of prognosis the treatment team must offer cohesive support, facilitating ho...
Source: Handbook of Clinical Neurology - March 4, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Pseudotumoral presentation of cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation
Conclusion: The identification of one or several nonenhancing space-occupying lesions, especially in elderly patients presenting with cognitive impairment, should raise suspicion for the pseudotumoral presentation of CAA-I and lead to T2*-GRE sequences. Perfusion MRI and MRS appear to be useful techniques for the differential diagnosis of this entity.
Source: Neurology - March 7, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Ronsin, S., Deiana, G., Geraldo, A. F., Durand-Dubief, F., Thomas-Maisonneuve, L., Formaglio, M., Desestret, V., Meyronet, D., Nighoghossian, N., Berthezene, Y., Honnorat, J., Ducray, F. Tags: MRI, MRS, Other cerebrovascular disease/ Stroke, Primary brain tumor ARTICLE Source Type: research

Proteostasis impairment in ALS.
Abstract In physiological conditions the maintenance of the cellular proteome is a prerequisite for optimal cell functioning and cell survival. Additionally, cells need to constantly sense and adapt to their changing environment and associated stressors. Cells achieve this via a set of molecular chaperones, protein clearance pathways as well as stress-associated signaling networks which work together to prevent protein misfolding, its aggregation and accumulation in subcellular compartments. These processes together form the proteostasis network which helps in maintaining cellular proteostasis. Imbalance or impair...
Source: Brain Research - March 27, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Ruegsegger C, Saxena S Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

Neurocognitive Deficits and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation in Adult Brain Tumors
Opinion statement Neurocognitive deficits are common with brain tumors. If assessed at presentation using detailed neurocognitive tests, problems are detected in 80 % of cases. Neurocognition may be affected by the tumor, its treatment, associated medication, mood, fatigue, and insomnia. Interpretation of neurocognitive problems should be considered in the context of these factors. Early post-operative neurocognitive rehabilitation for brain tumor patients will produce rehabilitation outcomes (e.g., quality of life, improved physical function, subjective neurocognition) equivalent to stroke, multiple sclerosis, ...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Neurology - April 4, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Isolated Tongue Hemi-Atrophy from Hypoglossal-Vertebral Entrapment Syndrome (P3.377)
Conclusion: Hypoglossal vertebral entrapment syndrome from a structural vascular anomaly or anomalous vascular course is an extremely rare cause of isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy. Only a few cases have been reported in the literature. Imaging studies and careful exclusion of other potential etiologies is essential to establish the diagnosis.Disclosure: Dr. Roy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bakradze has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ollenschleger has nothing to disclose. Dr. Felice has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 3, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Roy, B., Bakradze, E., Ollenschleger, M., Felice, K. Tags: General Neurology Source Type: research

Collaborative, Co-Located Neurology-Primary Care: Maximizing Value Utilizing Curbside, Electronic, and Traditional Consultations (P3.398)
Conclusions: The model of collaborative, co-located neurology care in a primary care practice setting offers a promising intervention to deliver high value, community-based neurology care.Disclosure: Dr. Young has nothing to disclose. Dr. Elrashidi has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - April 3, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Young, N., Elrashidi, M. Tags: General Neurology: Clinical Practice Source Type: research

Brain magnetic resonance in status epilepticus: A focused review
Status epilepticus (SE) results from a defect in seizure termination mechanisms or from the development of events that lead to an abnormally prolonged seizure. The treatment should be started in around 5minutes for tonic-clonic convulsive seizures and in 10minutes for focal SE with impaired consciousness [1]. Central nervous system tumor or infection, stroke, low antiepileptic levels, alcohol withdrawal and metabolic derangement are the most frequent causes. Unfortunately, some cases remain of unknown etiology despite thorough investigation [2].
Source: Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy - April 21, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Amélia Mendes, Luísa Sampaio Tags: Review Source Type: research