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Nuclear trafficking of PTEN after brain injury leads to neuron survival not death.
Abstract There is controversy whether accumulation of the tumor suppressor PTEN protein in the cell nucleus under stress conditions such as trauma and stroke causes cell death. A number of in vitro studies have reported enhanced apoptosis in neurons possessing nuclear PTEN, with the interpretation that its nuclear phosphatase activity leads to reduction of the survival protein phospho-Akt. However, there have been no in vivo studies to show that nuclear PTEN in neurons under stress is detrimental. Using a mouse model of injury, we demonstrate here that brain trauma altered the nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution of PT...
Source: Experimental Neurology - November 22, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Goh CP, Putz U, Howitt J, Low LH, Gunnersen J, Bye N, Morganti-Kossmann C, Tan SS Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

Inter- and Intrahemispheric Dissociations in Ideomotor Apraxia: A Large-Scale Lesion-Symptom Mapping Study in Subacute Brain-Damaged Patients
Pantomimes of object use require accurate representations of movements and a selection of the most task-relevant gestures. Prominent models of praxis, corroborated by functional neuroimaging studies, predict a critical role for left parietal cortices in pantomime and advance that these areas store representations of tool use. In contrast, lesion data points to the involvement of left inferior frontal areas, suggesting that defective selection of movement features is the cause of pantomime errors. We conducted a large-scale voxel-based lesion–symptom mapping analyses with configural/spatial (CS) and body-part-as-objec...
Source: Cerebral Cortex - November 14, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Manuel, A. L., Radman, N., Mesot, D., Chouiter, L., Clarke, S., Annoni, J.-M., Spierer, L. Tags: Feature Article Source Type: research

The growth factor progranulin attenuates neuronal injury induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion through the suppression of neutrophil recruitment
Conclusions: PGRN exerted ameliorative effects against I/R-induced inflammation, and these effects may be due to the inhibition of neutrophil recruitment into the I/R brain.
Source: Journal of Neuroinflammation - August 23, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Yusuke EgashiraYukiya SuzukiYukio AzumaToshinori TakagiKeisuke MishiroSou SugitaniKazuhiro TsurumaMasamitsu ShimazawaShinichi YoshimuraMasanori KashimataToru IwamaHideaki Hara Source Type: research

N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide level determined at different times identifies transient ischaemic attack patients with atrial fibrillation
ConclusionHigh levels of NT‐proBNP determined during the first 3 months after a TIA were associated with AF. Consequently, this biomarker may be useful to reclassify undetermined TIA patients as having disease of CE.
Source: European Journal of Neurology - June 29, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: F. Purroy, I. Suárez‐Luis, G. Mauri‐Capdevila, S. Cambray, J. Farré, J. Sanahuja, G. Piñol‐Ripoll, A. Quílez, C. González‐Mingot, R. Begué, M. I. Gil, E. Fernández, I. Benabdelhak Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

MiRNA-424 Protects Against Permanent Focal Cerebral Ischemia Injury in Mice Involving Suppressing Microglia Activation Basic Sciences
Conclusions— MiR-424 overexpression lessened the ischemic brain injury through suppressing microglia activation by translational depression of key activators of G1/S transition, suggesting a novel miR-based intervention strategy for stroke.
Source: Stroke - May 24, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Zhao, H., Wang, J., Gao, L., Wang, R., Liu, X., Gao, Z., Tao, Z., Xu, C., Song, J., Ji, X., Luo, Y. Tags: Acute Cerebral Infarction Basic Sciences Source Type: research

Incidence and prevalence of treated epilepsy among poor health and low-income Americans
Conclusions: The Medicaid population has a high incidence and prevalence of epilepsy, in an order of magnitude greater than that reported in the US general population. This indigent population carries a disproportionate amount of the epilepsy burden and deserves more attention for its health care needs and support services.
Source: Neurology - May 20, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Kaiboriboon, K., Bakaki, P. M., Lhatoo, S. D., Koroukian, S. Tags: Cohort studies, Prevalence studies, Incidence studies, All Epilepsy/Seizures ARTICLE Source Type: research

Acute and subacute IL-1beta administrations differentially modulate neuroimmune and neurotrophic systems: possible implications for neuroprotection and neurodegeneration
Conclusion: These results indicate that acute and subacute IL-1 administrations induce different changes toward neuroprotection after acute IL-1 administrations but neurodegeneration after subacute ones.
Source: Journal of Neuroinflammation - May 7, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Cai SongYe ZhangYilong Dong Source Type: research

Headache as a risk factor for neurovascular events in pediatric brain tumor patients
Conclusions: Severe recurrent headache appears to be a risk factor or predictor for subsequent cerebral ischemia in pediatric brain tumor survivors treated with radiation. This finding has clinical implications for both monitoring survivors and targeting a specific population for primary stroke prevention.
Source: Neurology - April 15, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Kranick, S. M., Campen, C. J., Kasner, S. E., Kessler, S. K., Zimmerman, R. A., Lustig, R. A., Phillips, P. C., Beslow, L. A., Ichord, R., Fisher, M. J. Tags: Childhood stroke, Pediatric headache, All Cerebrovascular disease/Stroke, Primary brain tumor, All Pediatric ARTICLE Source Type: research

Alexia due to ischemic stroke of the visual word form area.
Abstract The visual word form area (VWFA) is a region in the posterior left occipitotemporal cortex adjacent to the fusiform gyrus hypothesized to mediate word recognition. Evidence supporting the role of this area in reading comes from neuroimaging studies of normal subjects, case-controlled lesion studies, and studies of patients with surgical resection of the VWFA for tumors or epilepsy. Based on these prior reports, a small discrete lesion to the VWFA would be expected to cause alexia in a literate person without prior brain process, but such a case has not previously been reported to our knowledge. Here, we r...
Source: Neurocase - March 25, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Turkeltaub PE, Goldberg EM, Postman-Caucheteux WA, Palovcak M, Quinn C, Cantor C, Coslett HB Tags: Neurocase Source Type: research

Tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 5 is an essential mediator of ischemic brain infarction
This study was conducted to investigate the role of TRAF5 in the context of brain ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery was performed on TRAF5 knockout mice (KO), neuron‐specific TRAF5 transgene (TG), and the appropriate controls. Compared with the WT mice, the TRAF5 KO mice showed lower infarct volumes and better outcomes in the neurological tests. A low neuronal apoptosis level, an attenuated blood‐brain barrier (BBB) disruption and an inhibited inflammatory response were exhibited in TRAF5 KO mice. TRAF5 TG mice exhibited an opposite phenotype. Moreover, the Akt/FoxO1 s...
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - March 18, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Lang Wang, Yanyun Lu, Hongjing Guan, Dingsheng Jiang, Yu Guan, Xin Zhang, Hiroyasu Nakano, Yan Zhou, Yan Zhang, Li Yang, Hongliang Li Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Mitigation of Murine Focal Cerebral Ischemia by the Hypocretin/Orexin System is Associated With Reduced Inflammation Basic Sciences
Conclusions— Loss of Hcrt neurons in AT mice resulted in worsened stroke outcomes, which were reversed by administration of exogenous Hcrt-1. The mechanism underlying Hcrt-mediated neuroprotection includes attenuation of inflammatory responses after ischemic insult.
Source: Stroke - February 25, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Xiong, X., White, R. E., Xu, L., Yang, L., Sun, X., Zou, B., Pascual, C., Sakurai, T., Giffard, R. G., Xie, X. Tags: Ischemic biology - basic studies, Behavioral Changes and Stroke, Neuroprotectors Basic Sciences Source Type: research

Rosmarinic acid protects against experimental diabetes with cerebral ischemia: relation to inflammation response
Conclusion: These data show that RA protects the brain against I/R injury with a favorable therapeutic time-window by alleviating diabetic cerebral I/R injury and attenuating blood--brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, and its protective effects may involve HMGB1 and the NF-kappaB signaling pathway.
Source: Journal of Neuroinflammation - February 17, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Haiyun LuanZechun KanYong XuChangjun LvWanglin Jiang Source Type: research

A Phase IIB Clinical Trial of Normobaric Oxygen Therapy (NBO) in Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) (S02.001)
CONCLUSIONS: NBO did not affect NIHSS or infarct growth in this trial. The observed imbalance in deaths remains unexplained, but appears unrelated to NBO. Further studies are warranted.Supported by: NIH-NINDS.Disclosure: Dr. Singhal has received personal compensation as an expert witness in medicolegal cases involving stroke in young adults. Dr. Singhal's wife is an employee of Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Dr. Singhal has received research support from Pfizer and Photothera, Inc. Dr. On Behalf of Partners SPOTRIAS Investigators has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - February 14, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Singhal, A., on Behalf of Partners SPOTRIAS Investigators, Tags: S02 Acute Stroke Therapy Source Type: research

The Current Role and Utility of Diagnostic Catheter Cerebral Angiography (P02.021)
CONCLUSIONS: Despite the increased use and availability of noninvasive brain vascular imaging, DSA continues to be used in a variety of indications and appears to yield additional meaningful information despite prior imaging about 30-40% of the time on average. Particularly in those conditions where more precise spatial and temporal resolution would be of theoretical benefit, we did observe a higher percentage of new findings.Disclosure: Dr. Sawiris has nothing to disclose. Dr. Venizelos has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ouyang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chen has nothing to disclose.
Source: Neurology - February 14, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Sawiris, N., Venizelos, A., Ouyang, B., Chen, M. Tags: P02 Cerebrovascular Disease II Source Type: research

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevent Hydrocephalus After Severe Intraventricular Hemorrhage Basic Sciences
Conclusions— Intraventricular transplantation of umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly attenuated the posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus and brain injury after IVH. This neuroprotective mechanism appears to be mediated by the anti-inflammatory effects of these cells.
Source: Stroke - January 18, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Ahn, S. Y., Chang, Y. S., Sung, D. K., Sung, S. I., Yoo, H. S., Lee, J. H., Oh, W. I., Park, W. S. Tags: Animal models of human disease, Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage, Other Stroke Treatment - Medical Basic Sciences Source Type: research

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