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Specialty: Neurology
Condition: Stroke
Cancer: Brain Cancers

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Total 371 results found since Jan 2013.

Stroke-Like Migraine Attacks After Radiation Therapy (SMART) Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewSMART syndrome is a delayed complication of cranial irradiation that can be misconstrued as tumor recurrence or some other intracranial neurological disease. Recognition of this clinical syndrome is imperative as it can obviate the need for invasive diagnostic testing and can provide reassurance to both the patient and their loved ones.Recent FindingsSMART syndrome is generally considered a reversible clinical syndrome; however, neurological deficits may become permanent. Pathophysiology of SMART syndrome may involve cerebrovascular autoregulation impairment, neuronal dysfunction leading to trigemi...
Source: Current Pain and Headache Reports - March 24, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Tissue Sodium Concentration within White Matter Correlates with the Extent of Small Vessel Disease
Conclusion: The significant difference in absolute TSC in WM in patients with severe small vessel disease; Fazekas grade 3 can lead to inaccuracies using rTSC quantification for evaluation of acute ischemic stroke using23 Na MRI. The study, therefore, emphasizes the importance of absolute tissue sodium quantification.Cerebrovasc Dis
Source: Cerebrovascular Diseases - March 17, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The Frontal Aslant Tract: A Systematic Review for Neurosurgical Applications
The frontal aslant tract (FAT) is a recently identified white matter tract connecting the supplementary motor complex and lateral superior frontal gyrus to the inferior frontal gyrus. Advancements in neuroimaging and refinements to anatomical dissection techniques of the human brain white matter contributed to the recent description of the FAT anatomical and functional connectivity and its role in the pathogenesis of several neurological, psychiatric, and neurosurgical disorders. Through the application of diffusion tractography and intraoperative electrical brain stimulation, the FAT was shown to have a role in speech and...
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - February 24, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Serum Level of Transferrin Unique Peptide Is Decreased in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Conclusions: Serum TF-UP/LRP level is decreased in patients with acute ischemic stroke in comparison with brain tumor, and it may serve as a serum biomarker for the neuronal/glial cell damage in cerebral infarction.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - February 5, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Case Report: Brain Metastasis Confined to the Infarcted Area Following Stroke
Conclusions: Cerebral infarctions can cause neovascularization and disruption of the blood–brain barrier. Moreover, the compartmentalized cavity formed by the ischemic injury may accept a large volume of metastatic tumor cells. Such an altered microenvironment of infarcted tissue would be suitable for the colonization and proliferation of metastatic seed. Further, brain metastases should be considered, in addition to recurrence, when new focal neurological deficits develop in patients with ischemic stroke and comorbid cancer.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - January 29, 2021 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Pharmacological blockers of CCR5 and CXCR4 improve recovery after traumatic brain injury.
We examined the effect of maraviroc, a CCR5 antagonist used in HIV patients as a viral entry inhibitor, and of plerixafor (AMD3100), a CXCR4 antagonist used in cancer patients as an immune-modulator, on mice subjected to closed head injury (CHI). Mice were treated with maraviroc or plerixafor after CHI for the following 4 or 5 days, respectively. Neurobehavior was assessed according to the Neurological Severity Score; cognitive tests were performed by using the Y-maze, Barnes maze and the novel object recognition test; anxiety was evaluated with the open field test. The mice were sacrificed and brain tissues were collect...
Source: Experimental Neurology - January 13, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Friedman-Levi Y, Liraz-Zaltsman S, Shemesh C, Rosenblatt K, Kesner EL, Gincberg G, Carmichael ST, Silva AJ, Shohami E Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

Ipsilesional spatial bias after a focal cerebral infarction in the medial agranular cortex: A mouse model of unilateral spatial neglect.
In this study, a mouse model of unilateral spatial neglect was created to investigate whether the size of the lesion is related to the severity of ipsilesional spatial bias and the recovery process. Focal infarction was induced in the right medial agranular cortex (AGm) of mice via photothrombosis. After induction of cerebral infarction, ipsilesional spatial bias was evaluated for 9 consecutive days. The major findings were as follows: (1) unilateral local infarction of the AGm resulted in ipsilateral bias during internally guided decision-making; (2) the lesion size was correlated with the degree of impairment rather than...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - December 29, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Ishii D, Osaki H, Yozu A, Ishibashi K, Kawamura K, Yamamoto S, Miyata M, Kohno Y Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

Lacunar stroke as a very late complication of radiotherapy: value of nuclear medicine techniques.
CONCLUSIONS: The reappearance of neurological symptoms years after radiotherapy of a brain neoplasm poses a diagnostic dilemma. Current diagnostic techniques are very accurate but present false positives. The various nuclear medicine techniques, in particular PET-CT 11C-methionine, are a diagnostic aid. With the presentation of this case we intend to draw attention to one of the late complications of radiation therapy and the various differential diagnoses. Diagnostic and therapeutic advances have increased the life expectancy of cancer patients, so these late complications are expected to be more frequent. PMID: 3331...
Source: Revista de Neurologia - December 16, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Ortega-Valín F, Jiménez-Bonilla JF, García-Hernández A, Rodríguez-Rodriguez E, Sánchez-Salmón E Tags: Rev Neurol Source Type: research

Nonbacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis Related to Adenocarcinoma of the Uterine Cervix
We report a 66-year-old female patient who presented with acute onset of visual loss with relative afferent pupillary defect, hemineglect, hemihypesthesia, and apraxia. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated different stages of ischemic stroke in different vascular territories, suggesting cardiogenic embolism. Past history was significant for advanced-stage adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix under chemoradiation treatment. On echocardiogram, vegetation at the aortic valve was observed. With the absence of evidence of infectious endocarditis, diagnosis of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis was made, and th...
Source: Case Reports in Neurology - December 14, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Integrated Discourse Therapy After Glioblastoma: A Case Report of Face-To-Face and Tele-NeuroRehabilitation Treatment Delivery
Conclusions: This study provides preliminary support for F2F and TNR delivery of ICT discourse intervention for glioblastoma survivors. It also highlights the need for more research specifically dedicated to language therapy for this population.
Source: Frontiers in Neurology - November 19, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Neuroinflammation evoked by brain injury in a rat model of lacunar infarct.
Abstract Stroke is the leading cause of long-term, severe disability worldwide. Immediately after the stroke, endogenous inflammatory processes are upregulated, leading to the local neuroinflammation and the potentiation of brain tissue destruction. The innate immune response is triggered as early as 24 h post-brain ischemia, followed by adaptive immunity activation. Together these immune cells produce many inflammatory mediators, i.e., cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines. Our study examines the immune response components in the early stage of deep brain lacunar infarct in the rat brain, highly relevant to...
Source: Experimental Neurology - November 19, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Dabrowska S, Andrzejewska A, Kozlowska H, Strzemecki D, Janowski M, Lukomska B Tags: Exp Neurol Source Type: research

Altered Brain Structural Networks in Patients with Brain Arteriovenous Malformations Located in Broca's Area.
In this study, we used diffusion tensor imaging and graph theory methods to investigate the alterations of brain structural networks in 14 patients with AVMs in the presumed Broca's area, compared to 27 normal controls. Weighted brain structural networks were constructed based on deterministic tractography. We compared the topological properties and network connectivity between patients and normal controls. Functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed contralateral reorganization of Broca's area in five (35.7%) patients. Compared to normal controls, the patients exhibited preserved small-worldness of brain structural net...
Source: Neural Plasticity - November 13, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Li M, Jiang P, Wu J, Guo R, Deng X, Cao Y, Wang S Tags: Neural Plast Source Type: research

Language Mapping With Magnetoencephalography: An Update on the Current State of Clinical Research and Practice With Considerations for Clinical Practice Guidelines
Summary: Numerous studies have shown that language processing is not limited to a few brain areas. Visual or auditory stimuli activate corresponding cortical areas, then memory identifies the word or image, Wernicke's and Broca's areas support the processing for either reading/listening or speaking and many areas of the brain are recruited. Determining how a normal person processes language helps clinicians and scientist to understand how brain pathologies such as tumor or stroke can affect changes in language processing. Patients with epilepsy may develop atypical language organization. Over time, the chronic nature o...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - November 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: Invited Review Source Type: research

Visual Mapping With Magnetoencephalography: An Update on the Current State of Clinical Research and Practice With Considerations for Clinical Practice Guidelines
Summary: Using visual evoked fields (VEFs) to differentiate healthy, normal brain function from dysfunctional cortex has been demonstrated to be both valid and reliable. Currently, VEFs are widely implemented to guide intracranial surgeries for epilepsy and brain tumors. There are several areas of possible future clinical use of VEFs, including early identification of disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and human immunodeficiency virus–associated neurocognitive disorders. These studies have suggested that VEFs could be used to study disease pathophysiology or as a biomarker for early i...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology - November 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: Invited Review Source Type: research

Cerebral Autoregulation and Neurovascular Coupling after Craniospinal Irradiation in Long-Term Survivors of Malignant Pediatric Brain Tumors of the Posterior Fossa
Conclusion In this pilot study, we demonstrated a trend toward reduced cerebral autoregulation, and no alteration of neurovascular coupling after irradiation in long-term survivors of malignant pediatric brain tumors of the posterior fossa. [...] Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New YorkArticle in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text
Source: Neuropediatrics - October 16, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Janzarik, Wibke G. Sander, Milena R ößler, Jochen Sommerlade, Linda Allignol, Arthur Reinhard, Matthias Tags: Original Article Source Type: research