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A Copernican Approach to Brain Advancement: The Paradigm of Allostatic Orchestration
The objective of this presentation is to explore historical, scientific, interventional, and other differences between the two paradigms, so that innovators, researchers, practitioners, policy-makers, patients, end-users, and others can gain clarity with respect to both the explicit and implicit assumptions associated with brain advancement agendas of any kind. Over the course of three decades, a series of brain-centric, evolution-inspired insights have been articulated with increasing refinement, as principles of allostasis (Sterling and Eyer, 1988; Sterling, 2004, 2012, 2014). Allostasis recognizes that the role of the ...
Source: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience - April 25, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

The pathophysiological role of astrocytic endothelin-1
Publication date: Available online 28 April 2016 Source:Progress in Neurobiology Author(s): Stéphanie Hostenbach, Miguel D’haeseleer, Ron Kooijman, Jacques De Keyser In the normal central nervous system, endothelin-1 (ET-1) is found in some types of neurons, epithelial cells of the choroid plexus, and endothelial cells of microvessels, but it is usually not detectable in glial cells. However, in different pathological conditions, astrocytes adapting a reactive phenotype express high levels of ET-1 and its receptors, mainly the ETB receptor. ET-1 released by reactive astrocytes appears mainly to have neurodeleterio...
Source: Progress in Neurobiology - April 28, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

MMP‐9 in Translation: From Molecule to Brain Physiology, Pathology and Therapy
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - November 3, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Behnam Vafadari, Ahmad Salamian, Leszek Kaczmarek Tags: Review Source Type: research

Multiple faces of protein interacting with C kinase 1 (PICK1): structure, function, and diseases
Publication date: Available online 9 March 2016 Source:Neurochemistry International Author(s): Yun-Hong Li, Nan Zhang, Ya-Nan Wang, Ying Shen, Yin Wang Protein interacting with C-kinase 1 (PICK1) has received considerable attention because it is the only protein that contains both PSD-95/DlgA/ZO-1 (PDZ) domain and Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) domain. Through PDZ and BAR domains, PICK1 binds to a large number of membrane proteins and lipid molecules, and is thereby of multiple functions. PICK1 is widely expressed in various tissues, particularly abundant in the brain and testis. In the central nervous system (CNS), PICK...
Source: Neurochemistry International - March 9, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

MMP‐9 in translation: from molecule to brain physiology, pathology, and therapy
This article is part of the 60th Anniversary special issue. MMP‐9, through cleavage of specific target proteins, plays a major role in synaptic plasticity and neuroinflammation, and by those virtues contributes to brain physiology and a host of neurological and psychiatric disorders. This article is part of the 60th Anniversary special issue.
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - March 21, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Behnam Vafadari, Ahmad Salamian, Leszek Kaczmarek Tags: Bench to Bedside Source Type: research

MMP ‐9 in translation: from molecule to brain physiology, pathology, and therapy
This article is part of the 60th Anniversary special issue. MMP‐9, through cleavage of specific target proteins, plays a major role in synaptic plasticity and neuroinflammation, and by those virtues contributes to brain physiology and a host of neurological and psychiatric disorders. This article is part of the 60th Anniversary special issue.
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - March 20, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Behnam Vafadari, Ahmad Salamian, Leszek Kaczmarek Tags: Bench to Bedside Source Type: research

Intravascular lymphoma mimicking vasculitis
This report documents the presence of intravascular lymphoma diagnosed on a brain biopsy in a 60-year-old man. He initially presented 6months before brain biopsy with chest pain and hypotension, warranting coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Four months later, he presented with signs attributed to a stroke (diaphoresis, slumped over in a chair and left hand weakness). He subsequently developed a sudden onset wide-based gait, left leg numbness, word finding difficulties and worsening confusion. A MRI study showed multiple infarcts in the brain, including cerebellum. Invasive angiogram suggested vasculitis. He was started ...
Source: Journal of Clinical Neuroscience - November 10, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) and Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II: An abundant peptide neurotransmitter-enzyme system with multiple clinical applications
Publication date: Available online 12 November 2019Source: Progress in NeurobiologyAuthor(s): Joseph H. Neale, Tatsuo YamamotoAbstractN-Acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) is the third most prevalent neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system, yet its therapeutic potential is only now being fully recognized. Drugs that inhibit the inactivation of NAAG by glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) increase its extracellular concentration and its activation of its receptor, mGluR3. These drugs warrant attention, as they are effective in animal models of several clinical disorders including stroke, traumatic brain injury and schi...
Source: Progress in Neurobiology - November 13, 2019 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Emerging Role of PD-1 in the Central Nervous System and Brain Diseases
AbstractProgrammed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint modulator and a major target of immunotherapy as anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in cancer treatment. Accumulating evidence suggests an important role of PD-1 in the central nervous system (CNS). PD-1 has been implicated in CNS disorders such as brain tumors, Alzheimer ’s disease, ischemic stroke, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, cognitive function, and pain. PD-1 signaling suppresses the CNS immune responsevia resident microglia and infiltrating peripheral immune cells. Notably, PD-1 is also widely express...
Source: Neuroscience Bulletin - April 20, 2021 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research