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Women's Health Initiative estrogen plus progestin clinical trial: a study that does not allow establishing relevant clinical risks
Conclusions: The differences in RMST for the outcomes of the WHI study are too small to establish clinical risks related to hormone therapy use.
Source: Menopause - December 1, 2015 Category: OBGYN Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Long-term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.
CONCLUSIONS: Women with intolerable menopausal symptoms may wish to weigh the benefits of symptom relief against the small absolute risk of harm arising from short-term use of low-dose HT, provided they do not have specific contraindications. HT may be unsuitable for some women, including those at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, increased risk of thromboembolic disease (such as those with obesity or a history of venous thrombosis) or increased risk of some types of cancer (such as breast cancer, in women with a uterus). The risk of endometrial cancer among women with a uterus taking oestrogen-only HT is well docu...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - January 16, 2017 Category: Journals (General) Authors: Marjoribanks J, Farquhar C, Roberts H, Lethaby A, Lee J Tags: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Source Type: research

In assessing risk of hormone therapy for menopause, dose — not form — matters
FINDINGSWhen it comes to assessing the risk of estrogen therapy for menopause, how the therapy is delivered — taking a pill versus wearing a patch on one’s skin — doesn’t affect risk or benefit, researchers at UCLA and elsewhere have found. But with the commonly used conjugated equine estrogen, plus progestogen, the dosage does. Higher doses, especially over time, are associated with greater risk of problems, including heart disease and some types of cancer, especially among obese women.BACKGROUNDThe Women ’s Health Initiative established the potential of estrogen therapy to increase or decrease the risk of strok...
Source: UCLA Newsroom: Health Sciences - July 27, 2017 Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

Why is greater medication adherence associated with better outcomes
Background: To evaluate potential explanations for the association of greater adherence to placebo medication with better outcomes. Methods: The three explanations evaluated were that subjects with greater placebo adherence were 1) more likely to adhere to other medications, 2) had better healthcare behaviors, and 3) had lower risk. The data included more than 800 risk factors from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), a nationwide study that included women who participated in randomized controlled trials of estrogen plus progestin (n=16,608) or estrogen alone (n=10,739). The median follow-up was 8 years. Linear regression ...
Source: Emerging Themes in Epidemiology - February 2, 2013 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Arthur HartzTao He Source Type: research

HRT increases ovarian cancer risk by small amount
Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that ovarian cancer risk was significantly increased in current HRT users, even in those with less than five years of HRT use (the average was three years). In ex-users, risks decreased the longer ago HRT use had stopped, but risks during the first few years after stopping remained significant. Furthermore, about a decade after stopping, long-duration hormone therapy use (average nine years of HRT use), there still seemed to be a small excess risk. The review has a few limitations, however. The main one is that the review was heavily influenced by just two of t...
Source: NHS News Feed - February 13, 2015 Category: Consumer Health News Tags: Cancer Medication Older people Source Type: news

Luteolin: How To Reduce Breast Cancer Risk
More than 100 women die of breast cancer in the U.S. every day. It's the second leading cause of cancer deaths in American women. But in my opinion, many of those women really die of a tragic medical error. Let me explain… Millions of women in the U.S. have taken Big Pharma's hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Their doctors prescribe it to try to relieve the symptoms of menopause. Like hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings and weight gain. But what the drug companies try to pass off as hormones are actually synthetic concoctions. They are fake versions of the estrogen and progesterone that your body makes n...
Source: Al Sears, MD Natural Remedies - June 23, 2017 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Al Sears Tags: Anti-Aging Source Type: news

In Defense of Progesterone: A Review of the Literature.
Conclusions • Physicians should have no hesitation prescribing natural progesterone. The evidence is clear that progesterone does not cause breast cancer. Indeed, progesterone is protective and preventative of breast cancer. PMID: 29055286 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine - October 21, 2017 Category: Complementary Medicine Authors: Lieberman A, Curtis L Tags: Altern Ther Health Med Source Type: research

Pattern of mortality after menopausal hormone therapy: long-term follow-up in a population based cohort.
CONCLUSIONS: In this long-term follow-up study, taking hormones during menopause was not associated with overall mortality among middle-aged women. Investigating cause-specific mortality revealed significant albeit weak associations differential according to both causes of death and over time underlining the importance of carefully considering individual risks and duration of treatment when making decisions on hormone therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. PMID: 30106241 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: BJOG : An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology - August 14, 2018 Category: OBGYN Authors: Holm M, Olsen A, Au Yeung SL, Overvad K, Lidegaard Ø, Kroman N, Tjønneland A Tags: BJOG Source Type: research

Vaginal estrogen use and chronic disease risk in the Nurses’ Health Study
Conclusions: Vaginal estrogen use was not associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease or cancer. Our findings lend support to the safety of vaginal estrogen use, a highly effective treatment for genitourinary syndrome of menopause.
Source: Menopause - June 1, 2019 Category: OBGYN Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

The Women's Health Initiative Estrogen-alone Trial had differential disease and medical expenditure consequences across age groups
Conclusion: The decline in ET utilization had differential disease and expenditure consequences by age groups in the United States. These results are limited by the lack of inclusion of vasomotor symptom benefit and costs of alternative medications for these symptoms in the analysis.
Source: Menopause - May 29, 2020 Category: OBGYN Tags: Original Studies Source Type: research

Randomized Trial Evaluation of Benefits and Risks of Menopausal Hormone Therapy Among Women Aged 50-59.
Abstract The health benefits and risks of menopausal hormone therapy among women aged 50-59 years are examined in the Women's Health Initiative randomized, placebo-controlled trials using long-term follow-up data and a parsimonious statistical model that leverages data from older participants to increase precision. These trials enrolled 27,347 healthy post-menopausal women aged 50-79 at 40 U.S. clinical centers during 1993-1998, including 10,739 post-hysterectomy participants in a trial of conjugated equine estrogens, and 16,608 participants with uterus in the trial of these estrogens plus medroxyprogesterone acet...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - October 7, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Prentice RL, Aragaki AK, Chlebowski RT, Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Stefanick ML, Wactawski-Wende J, Kuller LH, Wallace R, Johnson KC, Shadyab AH, Gass M, Manson JAE Tags: Am J Epidemiol Source Type: research

The role of medications in successful aging
Climacteric. 2021 May 12:1-8. doi: 10.1080/13697137.2021.1911991. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSuccessful aging includes good health and low levels of disability. To that end, primary prevention is far better than managing subsequent organ damage. When medication is needed to prevent or manage disease, the preferred choice should be associated with the greatest benefits and fewest adverse effects. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in postmenopausal women worldwide. Considering disease-adjusted life years, other leading causes are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellit...
Source: Climacteric - May 12, 2021 Category: Geriatrics Authors: R D Langer Source Type: research

Hormone therapy in the postmenopausal years: considering benefits and risks in clinical practice
AbstractBACKGROUNDMenopausal symptoms can be very distressing and considerably affect a woman ’s personal and social life. It is becoming more and more evident that leaving bothersome symptoms untreated in midlife may lead to altered quality of life, reduced work productivity and, possibly, overall impaired health. Hormone therapy (HT) for the relief of menopausal symptoms has been the obj ect of much controversy over the past two decades. At the beginning of the century, a shadow was cast on the use of HT owing to the concern for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risks, and breast cancer, arising following publication ...
Source: Human Reproduction Update - August 25, 2021 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research