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Statement on Tobacco 21 from the European Respiratory Society Tobacco Control Committee
Tobacco consumption is the most significant cause of premature death across the European Union (EU) and is responsible for 700 000 deaths every year. Smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to develop lung cancer, COPD, coronary artery disease, stroke, diabetes, infertility and many other conditions [1]. According to Eurostat, 18.4% of people aged 15 years and over in the EU were daily smokers in 2019 [2]. Across Europe, the minimum age of sale of tobacco products is 18 years as per the obligations of the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC).
Source: European Respiratory Journal - March 23, 2023 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Cox, D. W., Rodriguez, L., Grigg, J., on behalf of the Tobacco Control Committee of the European Respiratory Society Tags: Editorials Source Type: research

Mortality and Morbidity Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Low-Level PM < sub > 2.5 < /sub > , BC, NO < sub > 2 < /sub > , and O < sub > 3 < /sub > : An Analysis of European Cohorts in the ELAPSE Project
CONCLUSIONS: Long-term exposure to PM2.5, NO2, and BC was positively associated with natural-cause and cause-specific mortality in the pooled cohort and the administrative cohorts. Associations were found well below current limit values and guidelines for PM2.5 and NO2. Associations tended to be supralinear, with steeper slopes at low exposures with no indication of a threshold. Two-pollutant models documented the importance of characterizing the ambient mixture with both NO2 and PM2.5. We mostly found negative associations with O3. In two-pollutant models with NO2, the negative associations with O3 were attenuated to esse...
Source: Cancer Control - September 15, 2022 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Brunekreef Bert Strak Maciej Chen Jie J Andersen Zorana Atkinson Richard Bauwelinck Mariska Bellander Tom Boutron Marie-Christine Brandt J ørgen Carey Iain Cesaroni Giulia Forastiere Francesco Fecht Daniela Gulliver John Hertel Ole Hoffmann Barbara de Ho Source Type: research

Air Pollution Kills Millions Every Year: Action Needed
The World Health Organization calls air pollution the “single biggest environmental threat to human health" and estimates that 99 percent of the world’s population live in locations that are above WHO thresholds designed to protect human health. . Credit: Malav Goswami/IPSBy Felix HorneSep 2 2022 (IPS) Tarik, age 42, lives in a village adjacent to a decades-old coal power plant in Bosnia and Herzegovina. On the day we visited, Bosnian cities were some of the most polluted places on Earth. Describing the devastating health toll the air pollution took each year on the village’s older residents he voiced his fear for hi...
Source: IPS Inter Press Service - Health - September 2, 2022 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Felix Horne Tags: Environment Global Headlines Health Source Type: news

Cochrane in partnership: The World Health Organisation (WHO) Decade of Healthy Ageing
In 2020, people aged 60 years or over outnumber children under 5 years, for the first time in history; and by 2050, it is estimated that there will be more than twice as many people over 60 as children under 5, and outnumber adolescents and young people aged 15 –24 years. To mark this change in our global population The World Health Organisation (WHO)Decade of Healthy Ageing has been established.The WHO defines Healthy Ageing as ‘the process of developing and maintaining the functional ability that enables wellbeing in older age’ and includes creating environments and opportunities for people to be and do what they v...
Source: Cochrane News and Events - November 12, 2020 Category: Information Technology Authors: Lydia Parsonson Source Type: news

Long-term exposure to PM and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
The objective of this review is to support the derivation of updated guidelines by the World Health Organization (WHO) by performing a systematic review of evidence of associations between long-term exposure to particulate matter with diameter under 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and particulate matter with diameter under 10 µm (PM10), in relation to all-cause and cause-specific mortality. As there is especially uncertainty about the relationship at the low and high end of the exposure range, the review needed to provide an indication of the shape of the concentration-response function (CRF). We systematically searched MEDLINE and EMB...
Source: Environment International - July 19, 2020 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Chen J, Hoek G Tags: Environ Int Source Type: research

Spatiotemporal assessment of mortality attributable to ambient PM 2.5 exposure in Taiwan during 2008 –2015
In this study, we quantified the spatiotemporal burden of mortality attributable to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5, which is defined as a mass of particles with an aerodynamic dry diameter of ≤ 2.5 μm) in Taiwan during 2008–2015. Hourly concentrations of PM2.5 were obtained from the Taiwan Air Quality Monitoring Network. According to geographical and climatic characteristics, the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration has divided Taiwan into seven air quality regions (AQRs): the North (four districts), Chu-Miao (two districts), Central (three districts), Yun-Chia-Nan (three districts), Kao-Ping (two...
Source: Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health - January 3, 2020 Category: Environmental Health Source Type: research

‘Salty’ Concern: Tackling High Salt Consumption in China
Veena S. Kulkarni, Associate Professor, Department of Criminology, Sociology and Geography, Arkansas State University, USA; and Raghav Gaiha, (Hon.) Professorial Research Fellow, Global Development Institute, University of Manchester, England.By Veena S. Kulkarni and Raghav GaihaNEW DELHI, India and JONESBORO, US, Oct 7 2019 (IPS) China’s almost meteoric transition from a being a low income to a middle income country within a span of four decades is often perceived as a miracle analogous to the post Second World War Japanese economic development experience. China’s GDP rose from $200 current United States dollars (US$ ...
Source: IPS Inter Press Service - Health - October 7, 2019 Category: International Medicine & Public Health Authors: Veena Kulkarni and Raghav Gaiha Tags: Asia-Pacific Development & Aid Economy & Trade Food & Agriculture Food Sustainability Globalisation Headlines Health Labour TerraViva United Nations Barilla Center for Food and Nutrition Foundation (BCFN) Source Type: news

Assessing global COPD awareness with Google Trends
Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prevalence and mortality rates rise continuously, patients often remain undiagnosed, probably due to a lack of disease-related awareness. The aim of this study was to quantify public interest in COPD by analysing the frequency of web queries via Google. Data from 2004 to 2018 were collected using the search engine query data analysis tool Google Trends. The relative search volume of the topic "chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" was compared with the relative search volume of nine topics representing the major causes of death in high-income countries according to the...
Source: European Respiratory Journal - June 26, 2019 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Boehm, A., Pizzini, A., Sonnweber, T., Loeffler-Ragg, J., Lamina, C., Weiss, G., Tancevski, I. Tags: COPD and smoking Original Articles: COPD Source Type: research

IJERPH, Vol. 15, Pages 602: Characterization of Fine Particulate Matter and Associated Health Burden in Nanjing
In this study, characteristics of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) over Nanjing were analyzed using hourly and daily averaged PM2.5 concentrations and meteorological parameters collected from nine national monitoring sites during the period of March 2014 to February 2017. Then, the integrated exposure-response (IER) model was applied to assess premature mortality, years of life lost (YLL) attributable to PM2.5, and mortality benefits due to PM2.5 reductions. The concentrations of PM2.5 varied among hours, seasons and years, which can be explained by differences in emission sources, ...
Source: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health - March 27, 2018 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Dongyang Nie Mindong Chen Yun Wu Xinlei Ge Jianlin Hu Kai Zhang Pengxiang Ge Tags: Article Source Type: research

Long-term trends and health impact of PM2.5 and O3 in Tehran, Iran, 2006-2015.
Abstract The main objectives of this study were (1) investigation of the temporal variations of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ground level ozone (O3) concentrations in Tehran megacity, the capital and most populous city in Iran, over a 10-year period from 2006 to 2015, and (2) estimation of their long-term health effects including all-cause and cause-specific mortality. For the first goal, the data of PM2.5 and O3 concentrations, measured at 21 regulatory monitoring network stations in Tehran, were obtained and the temporal trends were investigated. The health impact assessment of PM2.5 and O3 was pe...
Source: Environment International - February 21, 2018 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Faridi S, Shamsipour M, Krzyzanowski M, Künzli N, Amini H, Azimi F, Malkawi M, Momeniha F, Gholampour A, Hassanvand MS, Naddafi K Tags: Environ Int Source Type: research

Long-term Fine Particulate Matter Exposure and Nonaccidental and Cause-specific Mortality in a Large National Cohort of Chinese Men
Conclusions: Long-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with nonaccidental, CVD, lung cancer, and COPD mortality in China. The IER estimator may underestimate the excess relative risk of cause-specific mortality due to long-term exposure to PM2.5 over the exposure range experienced in China and other low- and middle-income countries. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1673 Received: 24 February 2017 Revised: 01 September 2017 Accepted: 05 September 2017 Published: 07 November 2017 Address correspondence to M. Zhou, National Center for Chronic Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control ...
Source: EHP Research - November 7, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Research Source Type: research

Endocrine Disruptors and Health Effects in Africa: A Call for Action
Conclusion: To address the many challenges posed by EDCs, we argue that Africans should take the lead in prioritization and evaluation of environmental hazards, including EDCs. We recommend the institution of education and training programs for chemical users, adoption of the precautionary principle, establishment of biomonitoring programs, and funding of community-based epidemiology and wildlife research programs led and funded by African institutes and private companies. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1774 Received: 16 February 2017 Revised: 22 May 2017 Accepted: 24 May 2017 Published: 22 August 2017 Address correspond...
Source: EHP Research - August 23, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Daniil Lyalko Tags: Commentary Source Type: research

Let Us Talk About Moving: Reframing the Exercise and Physical Activity Discussion
Noncommunicable and chronic disease are interchangeable terms. According to the World Health Organization, “they are of long duration and generally slow progression. The 4 main types of chronic diseases are cardiovascular diseases (ie, heart attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma), and diabetes.” We have known about the ben efits of physical activity (PA) for thousands of years. Perhaps our approach, from public health messaging to the individual clinical encounter, as to how PA and exercise are discussed and prescribed can be improved upon, ...
Source: Current Problems in Cardiology - June 7, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Ross Arena, Amy McNeil, Steven Street, Samantha Bond, Deepika R. Laddu, Carl J. Lavie, Andrew P. Hills Source Type: research

Let ′s Talk about Moving: Reframing the Exercise and Physical Activity Discussion
Noncommunicable and chronic disease are interchangeable terms. According to the World Health Organization “they are of long duration and generally slow progression. The 4 main types of chronic diseases are cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (i.e., heart attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma) and diabetes”. We have known about the benefits of physical activity (PA) for thousands of years. Perhaps our approach, from public health messaging to the individual clinical encounter, as to how PA and exercise are discussed and prescribed can be improved u...
Source: Current Problems in Cardiology - June 7, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Ross Arena, Amy McNeil, Steven Street, Samantha Bond, Deepika R. Laddu, Andrew P Hills Source Type: research

Health burden attributable to ambient PM2.5 in China.
Abstract In China, over 1.3 billion people have high health risks associated with exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) that exceeds the World Health Organization (WHO) Air Quality Guidelines (AQG). The PM2.5 mass concentrations from 1382 national air quality monitoring stations in 367 cities, between January 2014 and December 2016, were analyzed to estimate the health burden attributable to ambient PM2.5 across China. The integrated exposure-response model was applied to estimate the relative risks of disease-specific mortality. Disease-specific mortality baselines in province-level administrative u...
Source: Environmental Pollution - February 2, 2017 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Song C, He J, Wu L, Jin T, Chen X, Li R, Ren P, Zhang L, Mao H Tags: Environ Pollut Source Type: research

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