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Transhepatic approach of patent foramen ovale closure in the setting of congenital inferior vena cava anomaly
Key Clinical MessagePatent foramen ovale (PFO) is the most common interatrial septal abnormality. The indications for PFO device closure are still being evaluated, with the most common reason being to prevent cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) caused by paradoxical embolism of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities. This procedure is usually performed through percutaneous intervention using femoral vein access. Here, we present a case of PFO closure using a transhepatic approach, as femoral vein access was not feasible due to an interrupted inferior vena cava (IVC). The patient had a prominent left-sided IVC, lar...
Source: Clinical Case Reports - March 9, 2024 Category: General Medicine Authors: Deepa Soodi, Somto Nwaedozie, Milind Shah, Sudhakar Girotra Tags: CASE REPORT Source Type: research

A Cardiologist ’s Perspective on Patent Foramen Ovale-Associated Conditions
The patent foramen ovale (PFO) jeopardizes health and its problems may be major. A nineteenth century case report was the first description of a PFO as cause of death. To the present day, the PFO does not get the deserved attention. A PFO is found in roughly 25% of people, its particularly dangerous forms in about 5%. Those have a high enough risk for harm by the PFO to justify screening for it for closure, even as primary prevention. After all, closing a PFO is as simple as fixing a tooth and can be considered a mechanical vaccination. (Source: Cardiology Clinics)
Source: Cardiology Clinics - March 6, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Bernhard Meier Source Type: research

Increased Risk of Cryptogenic Stroke Associated with Patent Foramen Ovale in Young Adults
Cureus. 2024 Feb 3;16(2):e53502. doi: 10.7759/cureus.53502. eCollection 2024 Feb.ABSTRACTIschemic stroke is defined as a reduction in blood flow to brain tissue that results in the deterioration and death of neurons in a matter of minutes. While often seen in older patients with a history of atherosclerosis of the major arteries, a subset of ischemic strokes occur in younger individuals with minimal to no prior risk factors. Further evaluation of these unknown, or cryptogenic, strokes has yielded positive findings of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) in a concerning number of cases. Cryptogenic strokes attributable to PFO prese...
Source: Atherosclerosis - March 5, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Alec J Knupp Douglas A Smith Source Type: research

Some Practical Points About Patent Foramen Ovale Conditions that May Not Be Covered in the Rest of the Book
This introductory article provides many key lessons that I have learned in my 23 years of studying patent foramen ovale (PFO). It discusses issues related to the diagnosis, clinical presentation, and treatment of PFO. (Source: Cardiology Clinics)
Source: Cardiology Clinics - March 5, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Jonathan M. Tobis Source Type: research

Patent Foramen Ovale and Coronary Artery Spasm
This article reviews the role that PFO may play in each of these clinical entities and discusses potential interventions. It also proposes a novel clinical syndrome wherein PFO may be the unifying link among migraine, coronary vasospasm, and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in predisposed individuals. (Source: Cardiology Clinics)
Source: Cardiology Clinics - March 2, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Deepak Ravi, Rushi V. Parikh, Jamil A. Aboulhosn, Jonathan M. Tobis Source Type: research

Migraine Headache and Patent Foramen Ovale
The pathophysiology of migraine remains poorly understood. Like most migraine preventive therapies, patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure was never intended for the treatment of migraine. After closure of PFO for other reasons, migraine symptom reduction/elimination was noted in some patients. Subsequent small trials failed to prove its benefit. There is significant evidence suggesting a platelet-mediated mechanism linking migraines to PFO. The GORE RELIEF Clinical Study is a randomized, blinded, placebo- and sham-controlled trial, currently enrolling. The study design is meant to optimize patient selection using thienopyridi...
Source: Cardiology Clinics - February 29, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Robert J. Sommer, Barbara T. Robbins Source Type: research

Techniques for Identifying a Patent Foramen Ovale
Noninvasive and invasive imaging modalities play important roles for the detection of patent foramen ovale (PFO). Transthoracic echocardiography or transcranial Doppler bubble study can be used for initial noninvasive PFO screening. For diagnostic confirmation, transesophageal echocardiography bubble study can be utilized, a semiinvasive confirmatory test that can directly visualize a PFO. In selective cases when the diagnosis is in doubt, PFO can be accurately diagnosed invasively with right heart catheterization. Understanding the advantages and limitations of each diagnostic option will help clinicians choose the approp...
Source: Cardiology Clinics - February 29, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Sanaullah Mojaddedi, Muhammad O. Zaman, Islam Y. Elgendy, Mohammad K. Mojadidi Source Type: research

Comparison of atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale in cryptogenic strokes
Paradoxical embolism from right-to-left shunt through atrial septal defect (ASD) and patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a well-accepted cause of “cryptogenic” strokes (CS). To better understand the pathogenic role of ASD, we compared ASD patients with CS having a high and low likelihood of being PFO-related. (Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases)
Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases - February 28, 2024 Category: Neurology Authors: Constant Delabays, Pamela Correia, Eric Eeckhout, Alain Delabays, Patrik Michel Source Type: research

Patent Foramen Ovale and Hypoxemia
This article will discuss these conditions and summarize the related literature. (Source: Cardiology Clinics)
Source: Cardiology Clinics - February 28, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Ashley Nguyen, Elaine Nguyen, Preetham Kumar Source Type: research

Amplatzer or Figulla Flex II Occluder: a comparative study of outcomes after transcatheter patent foramen ovale closure
CONCLUSIONS: PFO closure is safe and effective when performed with either the self-expanding Abbott Amplatzer or Occlutech Figulla Flex II PFO occluder.PMID:38412438 | DOI:10.25270/jic/23.00291 (Source: The Journal of Invasive Cardiology)
Source: The Journal of Invasive Cardiology - February 27, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Stefan Toggweiler Federico Moccetti Nina Conrad Lucca Loretz Mehdi Madanchi Matthias Bossard Adrian Attiger-Toller Florim Cuculi Mathias Wolfrum Source Type: research

Various techniques for transcatheter retrieval of the atrial septal defect or patent foramen ovale closure devices: a systematic review
J Invasive Cardiol. 2024 Feb 23. doi: 10.25270/jic/23.00290. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAtrial septal abnormalities are common congenital lesions that remain asymptomatic in many patients until adulthood. Adults with atrial septal defects (ASD) most commonly have ostium secundum ASD. Transcatheter closure has become increasingly popular in recent years as a successful alternative method to surgery for treating ASD and patent foramen ovale (PFO). The overall rate of ASD transcatheter closure device embolization has been reported to be less than 1%; however, retrieving the device via surgery or by trans-catheter route can...
Source: The Journal of Invasive Cardiology - February 27, 2024 Category: Cardiology Authors: Alireza Khosravi Seyedeh Mahnaz Mirbod Maryam Boshtam Farzad Shahsanaei Erfan Zaker Marzieh Tajmirriahi Arsalan Khaledifar Seyedeh Mojgan Mirbod Mohammad Reza Movahed Source Type: research