Standardised Exercise Prescription for Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome and/or Heart Failure: A Consensus Statement from the EXPERT Working Group
AbstractWhereas exercise training, as part of multidisciplinary rehabilitation, is a key component in the management of patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) and/or congestive heart failure (CHF), physicians and exercise professionals disagree among themselves on the type and characteristics of the exercise to be prescribed to these patients, and the exercise prescriptions are not consistent with the international guidelines. This impacts the efficacy and quality of the intervention of rehabilitation. To overcome these barriers, a digital training and decision support system [i.e. EXercise Prescription in Everyday ...
Source: Sports Medicine - August 30, 2023 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Accuracy of Resting Metabolic Rate Prediction Equations in Athletes: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
ConclusionMany RMR prediction equations have been used in athletes, which can differ widely in accuracy and precision. While no single equation is guaranteed to be superior, the Ten-Haaf (age, weight, height) equation appears to be the most accurate and precise in most situations. Some equations are documented as consistently underperforming and should be avoided. Choosing a prediction equation based on a population of similar characteristics (physical characteristics, sex, sport, athlete status) is preferable. Caution is warranted when interpreting RMR ratio of measured to predicted values as a proxy of energy availabilit...
Source: Sports Medicine - August 26, 2023 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Appraising the Methodological Quality of Sports Injury Video Analysis Studies: The QA-SIVAS Scale
ConclusionQA-SIVAS is a reliable and valid instrument that can be easily applied to sports injury research. Future studies in the field of VA should adhere to standardized methodological criteria and strict quality guidelines. (Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - August 26, 2023 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Estimating the Relationship Between the Symptom-Free Waiting Period and Injury Rates After Return-to-Play from Concussion: A Simulation Analysis Using CARE Consortium Data
ConclusionLonger SFWPs lead to greater reductions in post-RTP injury rates for athletes in higher risk sports. Moreover, SFWPs should be tailored to sport-specific post-RTP injury risks. (Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - August 23, 2023 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Data Processing Strategies to Determine Maximum Oxygen Uptake: A Systematic Scoping Review and Experimental Comparison with Guidelines for Reporting
ConclusionsWe advise researchers to change their processing strategy and use moving averages or digital filters instead of binned averages. Researchers should report their data processing strategy used to determine\(\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2\max }\). We provide a reporting checklist of seven items that can function as a template for reporting. (Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - August 21, 2023 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Effect of Soy Protein Supplementation on Muscle Adaptations, Metabolic and Antioxidant Status, Hormonal Response, and Exercise Performance of Active Individuals and Athletes: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials
ConclusionIt is possible to recommend SP to athletes and active individuals in place of conventional protein supplements by assessing their dosage and effectiveness in relation to different types of training. SP may enhance lean mass compared with other protein sources, enhance the antioxidant status, and reduce oxidative stress. SP supplementation had an inconsistent effect on testosterone and cortisol levels. SP supplementation may be beneficial, especially after muscle damage, high-intensity/high-speed or repeated bouts of strenuous exercise. (Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - August 21, 2023 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Mechanisms Linking Physical Activity with Psychiatric Symptoms Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review
ConclusionsOverall, future physical activity interventions with the purpose of improving mental health should consider these mechanisms (self-esteem, self-concept, self-efficacy) to develop more effective interventions.Clinical Trial Registration: The protocol of this study was registered in the PROSPERO database (registration number CRD42021239440) and published in April 2022. (Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - August 19, 2023 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Performance Implications of Force-Vector-Specific Resistance and Plyometric Training: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
ConclusionsIn conclusion, our meta-analysis reveals a potential superiority of horizontally oriented training for horizontal jumping, short-distance sprinting and CODS, whereas vertically oriented training is equally efficacious for vertical jumping and long-distance sprinting. From an applied perspective, the present analysis provides an advanced basis for weighting of vertical and horizontal force-vector exercises as an integrated component for optimizing sport-specific performances. The present systematic review with meta-analysis was not a priori registered. (Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - August 18, 2023 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Toward Exercise Guidelines for Optimizing Fat Oxidation During Exercise in Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression
ConclusionRelative heart rate rather than relative oxygen uptake should be used for establishing FATmax reference values in patients with obesity. A heart rate of 61 –66% HRpeak should be recommended to patients with > 35% body fat while a heart rate of 57–64% HRpeak should be recommended to patients with body fat < 35%. Moreover, training volume must be higher in adults to achieve a similar fat oxidation compared with adolescents whereas exercising on a treadmill requires a lower training volume to achieve significant fat oxidation in comparison with stationary cycling. (Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - August 16, 2023 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Where Does Blood Flow Restriction Fit in the Toolbox of Athletic Development? A Narrative Review of the Proposed Mechanisms and Potential Applications
AbstractBlood flow-restricted exercise is currently used as a low-intensity time-efficient approach to reap many of the benefits of typical high-intensity training. Evidence continues to lend support to the notion that even highly trained individuals, such as athletes, still benefit from this mode of training. Both resistance and endurance exercise may be combined with blood flow restriction to provide a spectrum of adaptations in skeletal muscle, spanning from myofibrillar to mitochondrial adjustments. Such diverse adaptations would benefit both muscular strength and endurance qualities concurrently, which are demanded in...
Source: Sports Medicine - August 14, 2023 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Extraordinary Claims in the Literature on High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT): I. Bonafide Scientific Revolution or a Looming Crisis of Replication and Credibility?
AbstractThe literature on high-intensity interval training (HIIT) contains claims that, if true, could revolutionize the science and practice of exercise. This critical analysis examines two varieties of claims: (i) HIIT is effective in improving various indices of fitness and health, and (ii) HIIT is as effective as more time-consuming moderate-intensity continuous exercise. Using data from two recent systematic reviews as working examples, we show that studies in both categories exhibit considerable weaknesses when judged through the prism of fundamental statistical principles. Predominantly, small-to-medium effects are ...
Source: Sports Medicine - August 10, 2023 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Physiology of Stretch-Mediated Hypertrophy and Strength Increases: A Narrative Review
AbstractIncreasing muscle strength and cross-sectional area is of crucial importance to improve or maintain physical function in musculoskeletal rehabilitation and sports performance. Decreases in muscular performance are experienced in phases of reduced physical activity or immobilization. These decrements highlight the need for alternative, easily accessible training regimens for a sedentary population to improve rehabilitation and injury prevention routines. Commonly, muscle hypertrophy and strength increases are associated with resistance training, typically performed in a training facility. Mechanical tension, which i...
Source: Sports Medicine - August 9, 2023 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Coaches ’ Perceptions of Factors Driving Training Adaptation: An International Survey
ConclusionsAmongst coaches surveyed less than a third rated physical training as the most important factor in determining sports performance. Non-physical factors were acknowledged by the majority to exert an influence on physical training response and adaptation, despite the lack of discussion in training research, though there was no consensus on the relative importance of each individual factor. We echo previous sentiments that coaches need to be engaged in the research process. If training research continues as present the field runs the risk of not only becoming detached but increasingly irrelevant to those it is tr...
Source: Sports Medicine - August 8, 2023 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Associations Between Motor Competence and Physical Activity, Physical Fitness and Psychosocial Characteristics in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
ConclusionsThe results of this systematic review and meta-analysis support the hypothesised interactions of motor competence with physical activity (positive), physical fitness (positive except for weight status, speed and agility) and psychosocial characteristics (positive) in adolescence. However, methodological approaches vary considerably (e.g. variety of motor competence assessments utilised), with limitations of the current literature including an inadequate assessment of motor competence, a lack of longitudinal observations and a failure to account for biological maturation. Future research assessing associations be...
Source: Sports Medicine - August 5, 2023 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Mental Health in Ultra-Endurance Runners: A Systematic Review
ConclusionMental health issues among UER are common, especially eating disorders, exercise addiction, sleep disturbances, and depressive symptoms. Further high-quality studies are needed to examine underlying factors and find preventative strategies to protect UER.RegistrationThe protocol of this systematic review was registered at the PROSPERO —CRD42022338743. (Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - August 3, 2023 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
