Comment on “Influence of Resistance Training Proximity-to-Failure on Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis”
(Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - October 19, 2023 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Concurrent Strength and Endurance Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Impact of Sex and Training Status
ConclusionsConcurrent training results in small interference for lower-body strength adaptations in males, but not in females. Untrained, but not trained or highly trained endurance athletes demonstrated impaired improvements in\(\dot{V}\)O2max following concurrent training. More studies on females and highly strength-trained and endurance-trained athletes are warranted.Clinical Trial RegistrationPROSPERO: CRD42022370894. (Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - October 17, 2023 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Comment on: “Extraordinary Claims in the Literature on High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT): I. Bonafide Scientific Revolution or a Looming Crisis of Replication and Credibility?”
(Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - October 10, 2023 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Effects of Psychological Interventions to Enhance Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
ConclusionsThe significant moderate effects for psychological skills training, mindfulness- and acceptance-based approaches, and imagery are not stable, and further trials with robust research methodology, such as randomized controlled trials, are requested for all types of psychological interventions aiming to enhance performance in athletes. Moreover, improved reporting standards and the provision of datasets in open science repositories are important to consider in future trials in sport psychology.Clinical Trial RegistrationPROSPERO CRD42017056677. (Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - October 9, 2023 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
A Perspective on High-Intensity Interval Training for Performance and Health
AbstractInterval training is a simple concept that refers to repeated bouts of relatively hard work interspersed with recovery periods of easier work or rest. The method has been used by high-level athletes for over a century to improve performance in endurance-type sports and events such as middle- and long-distance running. The concept of interval training to improve health, including in a rehabilitative context or when practiced by individuals who are relatively inactive or deconditioned, has also been advanced for decades. An important issue that affects the interpretation and application of interval training is the la...
Source: Sports Medicine - October 7, 2023 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Performance Benefits of Pre- and Per-cooling on Self-paced Versus Constant Workload Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
ConclusionsCooling interventions attenuated the decline in performance during exercise in the heat, but the magnitude of the effect is dependent on exercise protocol (self-paced vs constant workload) and cooling type (pre- vs per-cooling). Pre-cooling appears to be more effective in attenuating the decline in exercise performance during a constant workload compared with self-paced exercise protocols, whereas no differences were found in the effectiveness of per-cooling. (Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - October 6, 2023 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
A Behaviourally Informed Approach to Reducing the Risk of Inadvertent Anti-doping Rule Violations from Supplement Use
AbstractFor many reasons, athletes ’ use of supplements is highly prevalent across sports and competitive levels, despite the risk of these products containing a substance on the World Anti-Doping Agency Prohibited List. Contravening anti-doping rules through supplement use could have serious consequences for competitive athletes ( e.g., ineligibility from major competitions, loss of medals and funding) due to the principle of strict liability. Indiscriminate supplement use also poses a risk to athlete health. To reduce the possibility of ingesting a supplement containing prohibited substances, independent quality assura...
Source: Sports Medicine - October 6, 2023 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Interaction of Medical Conditions and Football Exposures Associated with Premortem Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Diagnosis in Former Professional American Football Players
ConclusionsClinical phenotypes including psychological disorders and sleep apnea were strongly associated with an increased likelihood of having received a pre-mortem CTE diagnosis in former professional football players. Depression, anxiety, and sleep apnea produce cognitive symptoms, are treatable conditions, and should be distinguished from neurodegenerative disease. (Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - October 6, 2023 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Maximal Number of Repetitions at Percentages of the One Repetition Maximum: A Meta-Regression and Moderator Analysis of Sex, Age, Training Status, and Exercise
AbstractThe maximal number of repetitions that can be completed at various percentages of the one repetition maximum (1RM) [REPS ~ %1RM relationship] is foundational knowledge in resistance exercise programming. The current REPS ~ %1RM relationship is based on few studies and has not incorporated uncertainty into estimations or accounted for between-individuals variation. Therefore, we conducted a meta-regression to estimate the mean and between-individuals standard deviation of the number of repetitions that can be completed at various percentages of 1RM. We also explored if the REPS ~ %1RM relationship is mo...
Source: Sports Medicine - October 4, 2023 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
The Plateau in Muscle Growth with Resistance Training: An Exploration of Possible Mechanisms
AbstractIt is hypothesized that there is likely a finite ability for muscular adaptation. While it is difficult to distinguish between a true plateau following a long-term training period and short-term stalling in muscle growth, a plateau in muscle growth has been attributed to reaching a genetic potential, with limited discussion on what might physiologically contribute to this muscle growth plateau. The present paper explores potential physiological factors that may drive the decline in muscle growth after prolonged resistance training. Overall, with chronic training, the anabolic signaling pathways may become more refr...
Source: Sports Medicine - October 3, 2023 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Technology Innovation and Guardrails in Elite Sport: The Future is Now
AbstractA growing number of companies are developing or using wearable sensor technologies that can monitor, analyse and transmit data from humans in real time that can be used by the sporting, biomedical and media industries. To explore this phenomenon, we describe and review two high-profile sporting events where innovations in wearable technologies were trialled: the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympic Games (Tokyo 2020, Japan) and the 2022 adidas Road to Records (Germany). These two major sporting events were the first time academic and industry partners came together to implement real-time wearable solutions during major compet...
Source: Sports Medicine - October 3, 2023 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Optimising the Early-Stage Rehabilitation Process Post-ACL Reconstruction
AbstractOutcomes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) need improving, with poor return-to-sport rates and a high risk of secondary re-injury. There is a need to improve rehabilitation strategies post-ACLR, if we can support enhanced patient outcomes. This paper discusses how to optimise the early-stage rehabilitation process post-ACLR. Early-s tage rehabilitation is the vital foundation on which successful rehabilitation post-ACLR can occur. Without high-quality early-stage (and pre-operative) rehabilitation, patients often do not overcome major aspects of dysfunction, which limits knee function and...
Source: Sports Medicine - October 3, 2023 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Certainty of Evidence Assessment in Systematic Reviews Published by High-Impact Sports Science Journals: A Meta-epidemiological Study
DiscussionOnly one in five recent contemporary systematic reviews in the field of exercise and sports science assessed certainty of evidence. Organizational and institutional education on methods for assessing evidence may help further increase uptake of these methods and improve both the quality and clinical impact of systematic reviews in the field. (Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - September 30, 2023 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
The Effect of Hormonal Contraceptive Use on Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy, Power and Strength Adaptations to Resistance Exercise Training: A Systematic Review and Multilevel Meta-analysis
DiscussionBased on the present analysis, there is no evidence-based rationale to advocate for or against the use of OCPs in females partaking in resistance exercise training to increase hypertrophy, power and/or strength. Rather, an individualised approach considering an individual ’s response to OCPs, their reasons for use and menstrual cycle history may be more appropriate.RegistrationThe review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (ID number and hyperlink: CRD42022365677). (Source: Sports Medicine)
Source: Sports Medicine - September 27, 2023 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
Limits of Ultra: Towards an Interdisciplinary Understanding of Ultra-Endurance Running Performance
We present nutritional strategies for different event lengths and types, such as personalised and evidence-based approaches for varying types of carbohydrate, protein and fat intake in fluid or solid form, and how to avoid flavour fatigue. Psychology plays a vital role in UER performance, and we highlight the need to be able to cope with complex situations, and that specific long and short-term goal setting improves performance. Fatigue in UER is multi-factorial, both physical and mental, and the perceived effort or level of fatigue have a major impact on the ability to continue at a given pace. Understanding the complex i...
Source: Sports Medicine - September 26, 2023 Category: Sports Medicine Source Type: research
